The energy emission computing of land consolidation from the dual perspectives clustering method

In order to investigate the effects of carbon emissions in land consolidation projects, carbon emissions generated during the five construction processes of land consolidation project, i.e., land levelling, irrigation & drainage, road construction, cropland protection & eco-environment maintenance, and village renovation, as well as the data of carbon emissions caused by regional land-use change, are analyzed from the perspectives of energy consumption and land-use change using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change inventories based on the land consolidation project implemented in the Township of Jiangwucheng, Ci County, Hebei, China. The role of carbon source/sink and the associated calculating method are determined, based on which the corresponding suggestions regarding the reduction of carbon emissions in land consolidation projects are proposed with the aim of providing a general scientific reference for research on carbon emissions in land consolidation and practical low-carbon land consolidation projects. Results obtained from this work demonstrate that (1) the amount of CO\(_{2}\) emissions caused by energy consumption is 12481.549 t, and the amounts of CO\(_{2}\) emissions caused by irrigation & drainage and county road construction are 5932.980 and 4494.005 t, corresponding to CO\(_{2}\) emissions per unit investment of 1.605 t/10,000-yuan and 2.029 t/10,000-yuan, respectively, substantially higher than the values of any other sub-project; (2) land-use change caused by the implementation of this land consolidation project arouses a 1704.346 t carbon content increase of soil and vegetation in this region with the maximum carbon variations detected in cropland and grass land, exhibiting the effect of carbon sink; (3) according to the cost-benefit analysis of environmental economics, implementing this land consolidation project generates a carbon content rise equivalent to 9222.684 t carbon emission, where the carbon emissions per unit consolidation area and the carbon emissions per unit investment are 2.89 t/hm\(^{2}\) and 1.028 t/10,000-yuan, respectively.