1 Introduction
2 Site Description
3 Measurement of the Material Lost by the Erosion
3.1 Experimental Procedure
3.2 The Imprints
3.3 Depths of Erosion
3.4 Experimental Results
3.4.1 Profiles of Erosion
3.4.2 The Material Lost by Erosion and the Rate of Erosion
3.4.3 Variation of the Rate of Erosion on the Height of the Wall
4 Analysis of the Erosion Phenomenon
Ions | Drained rainwater (mg/l) | Ordinary rainwater (mg/l) |
---|---|---|
Calcium | 24.048 | 10 |
Magnesium | 16.771 | 0 |
Chloride | 24.746 | 8.241 |
Sulfates | 23.84 | 7.154 |
Nitrates | 7.9 | 1.803 |
Ammonium | 0.13 | 0.153 |
4.1 Impact of the Carbonation Phenomenon
4.2 Impact on Strengths
Area | Compressive strength σ (MPa) | Ultrasound velocity (m/s) | |
---|---|---|---|
Crushing of concrete core | The average value of the rebound | ||
Exposed | 33.6 | 43 | 3120 |
Protected | 44 | 48 | 3140 |