Skip to main content

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. The Evolution of Professional Sport as a Multisided Market

verfasst von : Jingxuan Zheng, Daniel S. Mason

Erschienen in: Brand Platform in the Professional Sport Industry

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Once media technologies emerged, the industry developed into a multisided market, with fans on one side of the market, the media on the other, and growth on either side benefitting both. Historically, the arrival of new forms of media, including radio and television, was not universally supported by sports leagues, wary of existing industry relationships with stakeholders. Despite this, the National Football League was well placed to take advantage of advances in television, and emerged as the dominant professional league. However, the arrival of new media has made the multisided market model of professional sports leagues—which has focused on protection and exploitation of league content as intellectual property—inefficient, and calls for a new model to integrate new media into the market.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Armstrong, M. (2006). Competition in two-sided markets. RAND Journal of Economics, 37(3), 668–691.CrossRef Armstrong, M. (2006). Competition in two-sided markets. RAND Journal of Economics, 37(3), 668–691.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ashwell, T., & Hums, M. A. (2004). Sale of broadcasting rights. In D. R. Howard & J. L. Crompton, Financing sport (2nd ed., pp. 387–412). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. Ashwell, T., & Hums, M. A. (2004). Sale of broadcasting rights. In D. R. Howard & J. L. Crompton, Financing sport (2nd ed., pp. 387–412). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
Zurück zum Zitat Bae, S. H., & Kwon, J. (2008). Two-Sided network effects and competitive balance in professional team sports. SSRN Electronic Journal. Bae, S. H., & Kwon, J. (2008). Two-Sided network effects and competitive balance in professional team sports. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Zurück zum Zitat Borland, J., & MacDonald, R. (2003). Demand for sport. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 19, 478–502.CrossRef Borland, J., & MacDonald, R. (2003). Demand for sport. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 19, 478–502.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Boudreau, K. J., & Jeppesen, L. B. (2015). Unpaid crowd complementors: The platform network effect mirage. Strategic Management Journal, 36(12), 1761–1777.CrossRef Boudreau, K. J., & Jeppesen, L. B. (2015). Unpaid crowd complementors: The platform network effect mirage. Strategic Management Journal, 36(12), 1761–1777.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Budzinski, O., & Satzer, J. (2011). Sports business and multisided markets: Towards a new analytical framework? Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 1(2), 124–137.CrossRef Budzinski, O., & Satzer, J. (2011). Sports business and multisided markets: Towards a new analytical framework? Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 1(2), 124–137.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Caillaud, B., & Jullien, B. (2003). Chicken and egg: Competition among intermediation service providers. RAND Journal of Economics, 34(2), 309–328.CrossRef Caillaud, B., & Jullien, B. (2003). Chicken and egg: Competition among intermediation service providers. RAND Journal of Economics, 34(2), 309–328.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Davis, J. (2008). Rozelle: Czar of the NFL. New York: McGraw-Hill. Davis, J. (2008). Rozelle: Czar of the NFL. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietl, H., Duschl, T., Franck, E., & Lang, M. (2012). A contest model of a professional sports league with two-sided markets. Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 232(3), 336–359.CrossRef Dietl, H., Duschl, T., Franck, E., & Lang, M. (2012). A contest model of a professional sports league with two-sided markets. Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 232(3), 336–359.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Downward, P., & Dawson, A. (2000). The economics of professional team sports. London: Routledge. Downward, P., & Dawson, A. (2000). The economics of professional team sports. London: Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Eichhorn, C., & Sahm, M. (2010). Why were FIFA World Cup tickets so cheap? Monopoly pricing, demand quality and two-sided markets. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(2), 212–217.CrossRef Eichhorn, C., & Sahm, M. (2010). Why were FIFA World Cup tickets so cheap? Monopoly pricing, demand quality and two-sided markets. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(2), 212–217.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Eisenmann, T., Parker, G., & Van Alstyne, M. (2006). Strategies for two-sided markets. Harvard Business Review, 84(10), 92–101. Eisenmann, T., Parker, G., & Van Alstyne, M. (2006). Strategies for two-sided markets. Harvard Business Review, 84(10), 92–101.
Zurück zum Zitat Eisenmann, T., Parker, G., & Van Alstyne, M. (2010). Opening platforms: How, when and why? In A. Gawer (Ed.), Platforms, markets and innovation (pp. 131–162). London: Edward Elgar. Eisenmann, T., Parker, G., & Van Alstyne, M. (2010). Opening platforms: How, when and why? In A. Gawer (Ed.), Platforms, markets and innovation (pp. 131–162). London: Edward Elgar.
Zurück zum Zitat Evans, D. S. (2003). The antitrust economics of multi-sided platform markets. Yale Journal on Regulation, 20(2), 325–382. Evans, D. S. (2003). The antitrust economics of multi-sided platform markets. Yale Journal on Regulation, 20(2), 325–382.
Zurück zum Zitat Evans, D. S., & Schmalensee, R. (2007). The industrial organization of markets with two-sided platforms. Competition Policy Internet, 3(1), 151–179. Evans, D. S., & Schmalensee, R. (2007). The industrial organization of markets with two-sided platforms. Competition Policy Internet, 3(1), 151–179.
Zurück zum Zitat Evans, P. B., & Wurster, T. S. (1997). Strategy and the new economics of information. Harvard Business Review, 75(September/October), 71–82. Evans, P. B., & Wurster, T. S. (1997). Strategy and the new economics of information. Harvard Business Review, 75(September/October), 71–82.
Zurück zum Zitat Farrell, J., & Saloner, G. (1985). Standardization, compatibility, and innovation. The RAND Journal of Economics, 16(1), 70–83.CrossRef Farrell, J., & Saloner, G. (1985). Standardization, compatibility, and innovation. The RAND Journal of Economics, 16(1), 70–83.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fort, R. D. (2003). Sport economics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Fort, R. D. (2003). Sport economics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Zurück zum Zitat Freeman, M. (2000). ESPN: The uncensored history. Dallas: Taylor Publishing Company. Freeman, M. (2000). ESPN: The uncensored history. Dallas: Taylor Publishing Company.
Zurück zum Zitat Gawer, A. (2014). Bridging differing perspectives on technological platforms: Toward an integrative framework. Research Policy, 43(7), 1239–1249.CrossRef Gawer, A. (2014). Bridging differing perspectives on technological platforms: Toward an integrative framework. Research Policy, 43(7), 1239–1249.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gawer, A., & Cusumano, M. A. (2002). Platform leadership: How Intel, Microsoft, and Cisco drive industry innovation. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Gawer, A., & Cusumano, M. A. (2002). Platform leadership: How Intel, Microsoft, and Cisco drive industry innovation. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Gawer, A., & Cusumano, M. A. (2008). How companies become platform leaders. MIT Sloan Management Review, 49(2), 28–35. Gawer, A., & Cusumano, M. A. (2008). How companies become platform leaders. MIT Sloan Management Review, 49(2), 28–35.
Zurück zum Zitat Gawer, A., & Cusumano, M. A. (2014). Industry platforms and ecosystem innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(3), 417–433.CrossRef Gawer, A., & Cusumano, M. A. (2014). Industry platforms and ecosystem innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(3), 417–433.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gropper, C. C., & Anderson, B. C. (2018). Sellout, blackout, or get out: The impacts of the 2012 policy change on TV blackouts and attendance in the NFL. Journal of Sports Economics, 19(4), 522–561.CrossRef Gropper, C. C., & Anderson, B. C. (2018). Sellout, blackout, or get out: The impacts of the 2012 policy change on TV blackouts and attendance in the NFL. Journal of Sports Economics, 19(4), 522–561.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gruneau, R., & Whitson, D. (1993). Hockey night in Canada: Sport, identities and cultural politics. Toronto: Garamond Press. Gruneau, R., & Whitson, D. (1993). Hockey night in Canada: Sport, identities and cultural politics. Toronto: Garamond Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta, S., Jain, D. C., & Sawhney, M. S. (1999). Modeling the evolution of markets with indirect network externalities: An application to digital television. Marketing Science, 18(3), 396–416.CrossRef Gupta, S., Jain, D. C., & Sawhney, M. S. (1999). Modeling the evolution of markets with indirect network externalities: An application to digital television. Marketing Science, 18(3), 396–416.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hagiu, A. (2014). Strategic decisions for multisided platforms. MIT Sloan Management Review, 55(2), 71. Hagiu, A. (2014). Strategic decisions for multisided platforms. MIT Sloan Management Review, 55(2), 71.
Zurück zum Zitat Hardy, S., Norman, B., & Sceery, S. (2012). Toward a history of sport branding. Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 4(4), 482–509.CrossRef Hardy, S., Norman, B., & Sceery, S. (2012). Toward a history of sport branding. Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 4(4), 482–509.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Harris, D. (1986). The league: The rise and decline of the NFL. New York: Bantam Books. Harris, D. (1986). The league: The rise and decline of the NFL. New York: Bantam Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Horowitz, I. (1974). Sports broadcasting. In R. G. Noll (Ed.), Government and the sports business (pp. 275–323). Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. Horowitz, I. (1974). Sports broadcasting. In R. G. Noll (Ed.), Government and the sports business (pp. 275–323). Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
Zurück zum Zitat Hutchins, B., & Rowe, D. (2012). Sport beyond television: The internet, digital media and the rise of networked media sport. New York: Routledge. Hutchins, B., & Rowe, D. (2012). Sport beyond television: The internet, digital media and the rise of networked media sport. New York: Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Katz, M. L., & Shapiro, C. (1986). Technology adoption in the presence of network externalities. Journal of Political Economy, 94(4), 822–841.CrossRef Katz, M. L., & Shapiro, C. (1986). Technology adoption in the presence of network externalities. Journal of Political Economy, 94(4), 822–841.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Katz, M. L., & Shapiro, C. (1994). Systems competition and network effects. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(2), 93–115.CrossRef Katz, M. L., & Shapiro, C. (1994). Systems competition and network effects. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(2), 93–115.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lowenfish, L. (2010). The imperfect diamond: A history of baseball’s labor wars. Lincoln, NE: Bison Books. Lowenfish, L. (2010). The imperfect diamond: A history of baseball’s labor wars. Lincoln, NE: Bison Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Mankiw, G. (2007). Principles of microeconomics, 4th Edition. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing. Mankiw, G. (2007). Principles of microeconomics, 4th Edition. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing.
Zurück zum Zitat Mason, D. S. (1997). Revenue sharing and agency problems in professional team sport: The case of the National Football League. Journal of Sport Management, 11(3), 203–222.CrossRef Mason, D. S. (1997). Revenue sharing and agency problems in professional team sport: The case of the National Football League. Journal of Sport Management, 11(3), 203–222.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mason, D. S. (1998). The International Hockey League and the professionalization of ice hockey, 1904–1907. Journal of Sport History, 25(1), 1–17. Mason, D. S. (1998). The International Hockey League and the professionalization of ice hockey, 1904–1907. Journal of Sport History, 25(1), 1–17.
Zurück zum Zitat Mason, D. S., & Duquette, G. H. (2004). Newspaper coverage of early professional ice hockey: The discourses of class and control. Media History, 10(3), 157–173.CrossRef Mason, D. S., & Duquette, G. H. (2004). Newspaper coverage of early professional ice hockey: The discourses of class and control. Media History, 10(3), 157–173.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mason, D., & Schrodt, B. (1996). Hockey’s first professional team: The Portage Lakes Hockey Club of Houghton, Michigan. Sport History Review, 27(1), 49–71.CrossRef Mason, D., & Schrodt, B. (1996). Hockey’s first professional team: The Portage Lakes Hockey Club of Houghton, Michigan. Sport History Review, 27(1), 49–71.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McChesney, R. W. (1989). Media made sport: A history of sports coverage in the United States. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), Media, sports & society (pp. 49–69). London: Sage. McChesney, R. W. (1989). Media made sport: A history of sports coverage in the United States. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), Media, sports & society (pp. 49–69). London: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat McIntyre, D. P., & Srinivasan, A. (2017). Networks, platforms, and strategy: Emerging views and next steps. Strategic Management Journal, 38(1), 141–160.CrossRef McIntyre, D. P., & Srinivasan, A. (2017). Networks, platforms, and strategy: Emerging views and next steps. Strategic Management Journal, 38(1), 141–160.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mehra, S. K., & Zuercher, T. J. (2006). Striking out competitive balance in sports, antitrust, and intellectual property. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 1499–1545. Mehra, S. K., & Zuercher, T. J. (2006). Striking out competitive balance in sports, antitrust, and intellectual property. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 1499–1545.
Zurück zum Zitat Metcalfe, A. (1987). Canada learns to play: The emergence of organized sport, 1807–1914. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. Metcalfe, A. (1987). Canada learns to play: The emergence of organized sport, 1807–1914. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.
Zurück zum Zitat Meyer, M. H., & Lehnerd, A. P. (1997). The power of product platforms: Building value and cost leadership. New York: Free Press. Meyer, M. H., & Lehnerd, A. P. (1997). The power of product platforms: Building value and cost leadership. New York: Free Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Mongeon, K., & Winfree, J. (2012). Comparison of television and gate demand in the National Basketball Association. Sport Management Review, 15(1), 72–79.CrossRef Mongeon, K., & Winfree, J. (2012). Comparison of television and gate demand in the National Basketball Association. Sport Management Review, 15(1), 72–79.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rader, B. G. (1984). In its own image. How television has transformed sports. New York: Free Press. Rader, B. G. (1984). In its own image. How television has transformed sports. New York: Free Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Riess, S. A. (1991). City games: The evolution of American urban society and the rise of sports. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. Riess, S. A. (1991). City games: The evolution of American urban society and the rise of sports. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Rochet, J.-C., & Tirole, J. (2003). Platform competition in two-sided markets. Journal of the European Economic Association, 1(4), 990–1029.CrossRef Rochet, J.-C., & Tirole, J. (2003). Platform competition in two-sided markets. Journal of the European Economic Association, 1(4), 990–1029.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rochet, J.-C., & Tirole, J. (2006). Two-sided markets: A progress report. RAND Journal of Economics, 35(3), 645–667.CrossRef Rochet, J.-C., & Tirole, J. (2006). Two-sided markets: A progress report. RAND Journal of Economics, 35(3), 645–667.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Seymour, H., & Mills, D. S. (1991). Baseball: The people’s game. New York: Oxford University. Seymour, H., & Mills, D. S. (1991). Baseball: The people’s game. New York: Oxford University.
Zurück zum Zitat Shapiro, C., & Varian, H. R. (1999). Information rules: A strategic guide to the network economy. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Shapiro, C., & Varian, H. R. (1999). Information rules: A strategic guide to the network economy. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Simpson, T. W., Siddique, Z., & Jiao, J. (2005). Platform-based product family development: Introduction and overview. In T. W. Simpson, Z. Siddique, & J. Jiao (Eds.), Product platforms and product family design: Methods and applications (pp. 1–16). New York: Springer. Simpson, T. W., Siddique, Z., & Jiao, J. (2005). Platform-based product family development: Introduction and overview. In T. W. Simpson, Z. Siddique, & J. Jiao (Eds.), Product platforms and product family design: Methods and applications (pp. 1–16). New York: Springer.
Zurück zum Zitat Walker, J. R. (2015). Crack of the bat: A history of baseball on the radio. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Walker, J. R. (2015). Crack of the bat: A history of baseball on the radio. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Weiss, D., & Day, C. (2003). The making of the super bowl. New York: Contemporary Books. Weiss, D., & Day, C. (2003). The making of the super bowl. New York: Contemporary Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Whannel, G. (1992). Fields in vision: Television sport and cultural transformation. London: Routledge. Whannel, G. (1992). Fields in vision: Television sport and cultural transformation. London: Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Winfree, J. A., Rosentraub, M. S., & Mills, B. M. (2016). Sports finance and management: Real estate, entertainment, and the remaking of the business. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Winfree, J. A., Rosentraub, M. S., & Mills, B. M. (2016). Sports finance and management: Real estate, entertainment, and the remaking of the business. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Metadaten
Titel
The Evolution of Professional Sport as a Multisided Market
verfasst von
Jingxuan Zheng
Daniel S. Mason
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90353-8_2