Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards MyNewsletter
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
Lackier- und Pulvertreff 2024

Nasslackieren und pulverbeschichten

Der Kongress am 15. / 16. Oktober 2024 in Heidelberg informiert umfassend über neue lack-, anlagen- und verfahrens­technische Entwicklungen und deren Umsetzung in die Praxis.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:

2023 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. The Fan Principle: Fans and Fan Customers

verfasst von : Roman Becker, Gregor Daschmann

Erschienen in: FANOMICS®

Verlag: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this chapter we explain, based on the relevant social science literature, who or what a fan is in the first place and which characteristics and behaviors are typical of fans. We determine why every fan relationship is based on identification and is experienced as unique by the fan. We show that every company can have fans and develop a lean measurement tool that identifies such Fan Customers. Fan Customers, we prove, are highly satisfied and emotionally loyal customers, and we show that our Fan Portfolio makes it possible to segment the universe of customers into five groups ranging from Fans to Opponents. We prove that the Fan Rate, i.e., the percentage of fans among all customers of a company, is the much more valid metric for managing a company than customer satisfaction. At the end, we look at the Fan Rates of different industries in different countries.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Nächstes Kapitel The Value of Fan Customers
Fußnoten
1
Cf. Göttlich and Krischke-Ramaswamy (2003) and Roose et al. (2017b). Even before the emergence of modern consumer societies and the coining of the term “fan,” “fans” probably existed - back to antiquity - albeit not in the mass-like movements of today. The “fan” is therefore not a purely modern phenomenon. Cf. the historical outlines by Schmidt-Lux (2017) and Schlicht et al. (2003, p. 236 ff.).
 
2
In some Romance languages, too, the loanword “fan” was adopted into everyday language only through the U.S. model, although the word root “fanaticus” existed there before (e.g., “fanatico” in Spanish).
 
3
In the social sciences, “cultural property” is also understood to mean any man-made product, artifact, or social phenomenon.
 
4
This also makes it intuitively plausible why young people, of all people, often exhibit particularly pronounced fan behavior: they are in the life phase of the search for identity.
 
5
Schlicht et al. (2003, p. 140) even speak of the fan building “part of his self-concept from his connection to the star.”
 
6
Cf. Greenberg et al. (2021).
 
7
On the motives of sports fans, see Gabler (2002).
 
8
In this context, the choice of the star in a globalized and mediatized world is becoming more and more culture-unspecific, cf. Roose (2017) as well as Ohr (2017).
 
9
This also explains why there are supposedly so few fans, even though anyone can become a fan: Because biographical coincidence is required to come across the corresponding offer.
 
10
“Only on father’s shoulders, I could see something, and immediately it was done around me ... My new heroes, the eleven in red and white ... Mainz 05, love of my life ... ” Piranhas R. (2004)
 
11
As Melnick and Wann (2011) show, male socialization agents are frequently the trigger for a fan relationship in sports.
 
12
In an interview with the Süddeutsche Zeitung, singer Roger Daltrey explains how it came about in the first place that the destruction of instruments became a trademark of The Who: “The people in the club where we were performing suddenly began to stomp as if hypnotized. It made Pete Townshend a little nervous. He was banging the neck of his guitar against the amplifier. Our manager Kit Lambert was pleased. From then on, Pete had to do it all the time for now.” (Winkler 2010, p. 2).
 
13
Initially, this approach was anything but profitable: the cost of smashed instruments and amplifiers far exceeded the band’s fees, cf. Winkler (2010, p. 2).
 
14
From the Süddeutsche Zeitung interview: “But you were a mod!” Daltrey: “No, I played the mod”. (Quoted from Winkler 2010, p. 3).
 
15
For a detailed discussion of fandom over lifetime see Lee Harrington and Bielby (2010), Tamir (2022).
 
16
The fact that Ronaldo moved on from Turin to Manchester after a few years, on the other hand, did not smell of betrayal to Turin fans: Ronaldo had come as a Mercenary, and that’s how he left the club.
 
17
Roger Daltrey: “They did not come for the music then, but because they wanted to watch Pete sacrifice the guitar,” quoted from Winkler (2010, p 2).
 
18
Roger Daltrey: “At some point, however, it became not merely expensive but also troublesome,” quoted from Winkler (2010, p. 2).
 
19
This willingness to suffer even includes health risks, cf. Kohlmann and Eschenbeck (2009, pp. 635–680).
 
20
On fear of failure due to spectator influence, see Alfermann (2000, pp. 65–109) and Alfermann and Würth (2008, pp. 719–778); on athlete motivation due to fans, see Daschmann (2014, pp. 46–62).
 
21
Bernhard Gneithing, former Marketing Director of Harley-Davidson Germany (quoted from Ilg 2009).
 
22
B2B (“business-to-business”) refers to a business relationship between companies. Both the supplier and the customer are companies. B2C (“business-to-consumer”), on the other hand, refers to the classic customer relationship between a provider company and a private consumer.
 
23
The fact that increased satisfaction generates loyalty in the long term is an untested assumption even in the relevant management science literature (cf. e.g., Homburg 2016).
 
24
For details of the methodological approach, the companies studied, and the complete findings of Fanfocus Germany, see also the German edition of this book (Becker and Daschmann 2022, p. 55ff).
 
25
In the social sciences, this subjective absoluteness of judgment is called the Thomas theorem: “If men define situations as real, they’re real in their consequences” (Thomas and Thomas 1928).
 
26
Due to this fuzziness, research approaches which identify fans by self-assessment always have a limited construct validity (e.g. Wann and Branscombe 1993; Wann 2002).
 
Literatur
Akremi L, Hellmann K-U (2017) Fans and consumption. In: Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 273–292CrossRef
Alfermann D (2000) Social processes in sport. In: Gabler H, Nitsch JR, Singer R (eds) Einführung in die Sportpsychologie [Introduction to sport psychology]. Teil 2: Anwendungsfelder [Part 2: Fields of application]. Karl Hofmann, Schondorf, pp 65–109
Alfermann D, Würth S (2008) Group processes and intergroup relations. In: Schlicht W, Strauß B (eds) Grundlagen der Sportpsychologie [Foundations of sports psychology]. Encyclopedia of psychology, area D, series V, vol 1. Hogrefe, Göttingen, pp 719–778
Allison R, Knoester C (2021) Gender, sexual, and sports fan identities. Sociol Sport J 38(3):310–321CrossRef
Amiot CE, Sansfacon S, Louis WR (2014) How normative and social identification processes predict self-determination to engage in derogatory behaviours against outgroup hockey fans. Eur J Soc Psychol 44(3):216–230CrossRef
Bailey S (2005) Media audiences and identity: self-construction in the fan experience. Palgrave Macmillan, New YorkCrossRef
Becker R, Daschmann G (2022) Das Fan-Prinzip. 3rd edn, Gabler Verlag, WiesbadenCrossRef
Bennett L (2012) Music fandom online: R.E.M. fans in pursuit of the ultimate first listen. New Media Soc 14(5):748–763CrossRef
Benzecry CE (2011) The opera fanatic. Ethnography of an obsession. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, ILCrossRef
Billings AC, Ruihley BJ (2013) Why we watch, why we play: the relationship between fantasy sport and fanship motivations. Mass Commun Soc 16(1):5–25CrossRef
Cottingham MD (2012) Interaction ritual theory and sports fans: emotion, symbols, and solidarity. Sociol Sport J 29(2):168–185CrossRef
Daschmann G (2007) Der Preis der Prominenz. Medienpsychologische Überlegungen zu den Wirkungen von Medienberichterstattung auf die dargestellten Akteure. [The price of celebrity. Mediapsychological considerations about the effects of media coverage on the actors portrayed]. In: Schierl T (ed) Prominenz in den Medien. Zur Genese und Verwertung von Prominenten in Sport, Wirtschaft und Kultur [Prominence in the media. On the genesis and exploitation of celebrities in sports, economic success and culture]. Von Halem, Cologne, pp 184–201
Daschmann G (2014) Schneller, Höher, Weiter, Twitter? [Faster, Higher, Further - Twitter?] Der Einfluss des Social-Media-Kontakts zu Fans auf die Motivation von Spitzenportlern [The influence of social media contact with fans on the motivation of top athletes]. In: Schmidt H, Schmidt J (eds) Kommunikationsmanagement und Markenstrategien im social web [Communication management and Brand strategies in the social web]. Eimo, Berlin, pp 46–62
Devlin MB, Brown KA, Brown-Devlin N, Billings AC (2020) “My country is better than yours”: delineating differences between six countries’ National Identity, fan identity, and media consumption during the 2018 Olympic games. Sociol Sport J 37(3):254–263CrossRef
Dixon K (2013) Learning the game: football fandom culture and the origins of practice. Int Rev Soc Sport 48(3):334–348CrossRef
Driessen S (2022) Campaign problems: how fans react to Taylor Swift’s controversial political awakening. Am Behav Sci 66(8):1060–1074CrossRef
Duffett M (2013) Introduction. In: Understanding fandom: an introduction to the study of media fan culture. Bloomsbury Academic, New York, pp 1–34CrossRef
Dwyer B, Larkin B, Goebert C (2022) Fantasy sports participation and the (de)humanization of professional athletes. Sport Soc 25(10):1968–1986CrossRef
Fitzpatrick D, Paddy H (2022) From fanzines to foodbanks: football fan activism in the age of anti-politics. Int Rev Soc Sport 57(8):1234–1252CrossRef
Frenzel AC, Götz T, Pekrun R (2009) Emotions. In: Wild E, Möller J (eds) Pädagogische Psychologie [Educational psychology]. Springer, Berlin, pp 205–234CrossRef
Fritzsche B (2011) Pop fans. Study of a girl culture, 2nd edn. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden
Fritzsche B (2017) Fans and gender. In: Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 201–218CrossRef
Gabler H (2002) Motive im Sport. In: Motives in sport. Motivational psychological analyses and empirical studies. Karl Hofmann, Schondorf
Gebhardt W (2017) Fans and distinction. In: Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 161–180CrossRef
Geisselhart C (2008) The Who - Maximum Rock: Die Geschichte der verrücktesten Rockband der Welt [The story of the craziest rock band in the world]. Hannibal Publishing House, Innsbruck
Gemar A, Vanzella-Yang A (2022) The measure of a fan: social patterns of voracious sports following in Canada. Can Rev Sociol 59(1):76–95CrossRef
Gillooly L, Medway D, Warnaby G, Roper S (2022) ‘To us it’s still Boundary Park’: fan discourses on the corporate (re)naming of football stadia. Soc Cult Geogr 23(9):1275–1293CrossRef
Göttlich U, Krischke-Ramaswamy M (2003) Event/experience culture, leisure culture/fan. In: Hill HO (ed) Handbuch populäre Kultur [Handbook of popular culture]. J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart, pp 167–172CrossRef
Gray J, Harrington CL, Sandvoss C (2007a) Fandom. Identities and communities in a mediated world. University Press, New York
Gray J, Sandvoss C, Harrington CL (2007b) Introduction: why study fans? In: Gray J, Harrington CL, Sandvoss C (eds) Fandom. Identities and communities in a mediated world. University Press, New York, pp 1–16
Greenberg DM, Matz SC, Schwartz HA, Fricke KR (2021) The self-congruity effect of music. J Pers Soc Psychol 121(6):137–151CrossRef
Harrington CL, Bielby DD (1995) Soap fans: exploring pleasure and making meaning in everyday life. Temple University Press, Philadelphia, PA
Harrington CL, Bielby DD (2010) A life course perspective on fandom. Int J Cult Stud 13(5):429–450CrossRef
Havard CT, Grieve FG, Lomenick ME (2020) Marvel, DC, and sport: investigating rivalry in the sport and comic settings. Soc Sci Q 101(3):1075–1089CrossRef
Hills M (2002) Fan cultures. Routledge, London
Homburg C (ed) (2016) Kundenzufriedenheit [Customer satisfaction]. Concepts – methods – experiences, 9th edn. Gabler Verlag, Wiesbaden
Homburg C, Bucerius M (2016) Customer satisfaction as a management challenge. In: Kundenzufriedenheit [Customer satisfaction]. Concepts - methods - experiences, 9th edn. Gabler Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp 53–92
Homburg C, Stock-Homburg R (2016) Theoretical perspectives on customer satisfaction. In: Homburg C (ed) Kundenzufriedenheit [Customer satisfaction]. Concepts – methods – experiences, 9th edn. Gabler Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp 17–52
Hornby N (1992) Fever pitch. Ball fever - the story of a fan. Kiepenheuer and Witsch, Cologne
Intezar H, Sullivan P (2022) Metamorphosis from exalted person to cultural symbol: a case study of the GOAT in tennis. Cult Psychol 28(3):395–412CrossRef
Jasny M, Lenartowicz M (2022) A war between football fans and the government from the perspective of Herbert Blumer’s collective behaviour theory. Sport Soc 25(10):1805–1830CrossRef
Jenkins H (1992) Textual poachers: television fans and participatory culture. Routledge, London.
Jenkins H (2007) The future of fandom. In: Gray J, Cornell S, Lee HC (eds) Fandom: identities and communities in a mediated world. University Press, New York, pp 357–364
Jörissen B, Zirfas J (eds) (2010) Schlüsselwerke der Identitätsforschung [Key works in identity research]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden
Kalman-Lamb N (2021) Imagined communities of fandom: sport, spectatorship, meaning and alienation in late capitalism. Sport Soc 24(6):922–936CrossRef
Kang J, Kim J, Migyeong Y, Eunil P, Minsam K, Lee M, Han J (2022) Behind the scenes of K-pop fandom: unveiling K-pop fandom collaboration network. Qual Quant 56(3):1481–1502CrossRef
Kenny DA, Gomes SB, Kowal C (2015) The intergroup social relations model: ISRM. Group Dyn Theory Res Pract 19(3):152–165CrossRef
Kohlmann KW, Eschenbeck H (2009) Stress and stress management. In: Schlicht W, Strauß B (eds) Grundlagen der Sportpsychologie [Fundamentals of sport psychology]. Encyclopedia of psychology. Area D, Series V, vol 1. Hogrefe, Göttingen, pp 635–680
König T (2002) Fankultur: Eine soziologische Studie am Beispiel des Fussballfans [Fan culture: a sociological study using the example of the soccer fan]. LIT, Münster
Leistner A (2017) Fans and violence. In: Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 219–246CrossRef
Liutikas D (2011) Manifestation of identity in sport fans’ journeys. Filosofija Sociologija 22(2):214–225
Maar S (2018) Fan segmentation and fan psychology. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden
Maslow AH (1981) Motivation and personality, 12th edn. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg
Melnick MJ, Wann DL (2011) An examination of sport fandom in Australia: socialization, team identification, and fan behavior. Int Rev Sociol Sport 46(4):456–470CrossRef
Meyer D (2014) Social identity complexity and sports fans. Dissertation: University of Pretoria, South Africa
Mikos L (2010) The fan. In: Moebius S, Schroer S (eds) Divas, hackers, speculators: social figures of the present. Suhrkamp, Berlin, pp 108–118
Müller CJ, Kuchinke L (2019) Can emotions be measured? Emotion concepts in physiology. In: Kappelhoff H, Bakels JH, Lehmann H, Schmitt C (eds) Emotionen [Emotions]. An interdisciplinary handbook. J.B. Metzler, Wiesbaden, pp 65–72
Myers DG (2014) Psychology, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin
Navarro-Picado JF, Torres-Moraga EI, González-Serrano MH (2022) How are fans teams’ consumption behaviors impacted by their federations’ innovativeness perceived organizational legitimacy. Sport Soc 25(8):1545–1564CrossRef
Nimoy L (1977) I am not spock. Celestial Arts Publishing, Milbrae
Nimoy L (1995) I Am Spock. Hyperion, New York
Noelle-Neumann E (1980) Die Schweigespirale [The spiral of silence]. Public opinion - our social skin. Piper, Munich
Ohr D (2017) Fans and the media. In: Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 293–318CrossRef
Oliver RL, Rust RT, Sajeev V (1997) Customer delight: foundations, findings, and managerial insight. J Retail 73(3):311–336CrossRef
Osborne AC, Coombs DS (2013) Performative sport fandom: an approach to retheorizing sport fans. Sport Soc 16(5):672–681CrossRef
Otte G (2017) Fans and social structure. In: Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 57–82CrossRef
Panksepp J (1998) Affective neuroscience: the foundations of human and animal emotions. Oxford University Press, New York
Patera CM (2013) The hyperactive fan: characteristics of online fantasy football players. Dissertation: Minnesota State University, Mankato
Piranhas R (2004) Mainz 05 – Liebe meines Lebens [Mainz 05 - Love of my life]. Label: Suppenkazper Noise Imperium, Mainz
Ploeg AJ (2017) Going global: fantasy sports gameplay paradigms, fan identities and cultural implications in an international context. Eur J Cult Stud 20(6):724–743CrossRef
Richards J, Parry KD, Gill F (2022) “The guys love it when chicks ask for help”: an exploration of female rugby league fans. Sport Soc 25(5):927–944CrossRef
Roose J (2017) Fans and globalization. In: Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 367–388CrossRef
Roose J, Schäfer MS (2017) Fans and participation. In: Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 319–342CrossRef
Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) (2017a) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden
Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (2017b) Introduction. Fans as an object of sociological research. In: Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives], 2nd edn. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 1–18CrossRef
Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (2017c) Fans in theoretical perspective. In: Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 19–38CrossRef
Rullo M, Presaghi F, Livi S, Mazzuca S, Dessi R (2017) Time heals all (shallow) wounds: a lesson on forgiveness of ingroup transgressors learned by the Feyenoord vandal fans. Soc Sci 6(3):83CrossRef
Schäfer MS (2017) Fans and emotions. In: Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 93–114CrossRef
Scherer KR (2005) What are emotions? And how can they be measured? Soc Sci Inf 44(4):695–729CrossRef
Schlicht W, Strauß B et al (2003) Social psychology of sport. An introduction. In: Strauß B (ed) Sportpsychologie [Psychology of sport]. Hogrefe, Göttingen
Schmidt-Joos S, Kampmann W (2008) Rock-Lexikon 1 and 2. Rowohlt Verlag, Hamburg
Schmidt-Lux T (2017) The history of fans. In: Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 37–56CrossRef
Schneider UF (2004) Der Januskopf der Prominenz. Zum ambivalenten Verhältnis von Privatheit und Öffentlichkeit [The Janus face of celebrity. On the ambivalent relationship between privacy and publicity]. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden
Seaton W, Cranmer GA, White C, Bober J, Humphrey K, Obeng A (2022) “That’s it. I’m done with this team!”: public reactions to NFL teams’ racial activism as a function of social identity management. Commun Q 70(5):585–607CrossRef
Shadmanfaat SMS, Kabiri S, Solensten B, Willits DW, Cochran J (2022) A longitudinal study of fan aggression: a test of general strain theory. Deviant Behav 43(5):543–555CrossRef
Skrobanek J, Jobst S (2017) Fans and socialization. In: Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 181–200CrossRef
Sorek T (2022) Sports and boycott: attitudes among Jewish Israelis. Int Rev Sociol Sport 57(8):1197–1213CrossRef
Springsteen B (1980) Everybody’s got a hungry heart. The River. Columbia Records, New York
Stein J (1979) The kids are alright. Shepperton Studios, Shepperton, UK
Stever GS (2011) Fan behavior and lifespan development theory: explaining Para-social and social attachment to celebrities. J Adult Dev 18(1):1–7CrossRef
Sutton FS, Knoester C (2022) U.S. women’s sport consumption and self-identified fandom: an exploration of social structural and sociocultural antecedents. Int Rev Sociol Sport 57(8):1321–1349CrossRef
Tague AM, Reysen S, Plante C (2020) Belongingness as a mediator of the relationship between felt stigma and identification in fans. J Soc Psychol 160(3):324–331CrossRef
Tajfel H, Turner JC (1986) The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In: Worchel S, Austin WG (eds) Psychology of intergroup relations. Nelson-Hall, Chicago, IL, pp 7–24
Tamir I (2014) The decline of nationalism among football fans. Television New Media 15(8):741–745CrossRef
Tamir I (2022) The natural life cycle of sports fans. Sport Soc 25(2):338–352CrossRef
Tamir I, Galily Y, Yarchi M (2016) “Here’s hoping we get Pummeled”: anti-nationalist trends among Israeli sports fans. J Sport Soc Issues 40(1):3CrossRef
Tarver EC (2017) The I in team: sports fandom and the reproduction of identity. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, ILCrossRef
Theodorakis ND, Wann DL, Nassis P, Luellen TB (2012) The relationship between sport team identification and the need to belong. Int J Sport Manag Mark 12(1-2):25–38
Thomas WI, Thomas DS (1928) The child in America. Behavior problems and programs. Knopf, New York
Tonetti LJ (2012) The experience of being a sports fan: a qualitative, phenomenological analysis of the causes and impact of sports team identification. Dissertation: Chestnut Hill College, Philadelphia, PA
Vlada B (2022) Periphery fandom: contrasting fans’ productive experiences across the globe. J Consum Cult 22(4):889–907CrossRef
Wann DL (2002) Preliminary validation of a measure for assessing identification as a sport fan: the sport fandom questionnaire. Int J Sport Manag 3:103–115
Wann DL, Branscombe NR (1993) Sports fans: measuring degree of identification with the team. Int J Sport Psychol 24:1–17
Wann DL, Hackathorn J, Sherman MR (2017) Testing the team identification-social psychological health model: mediational relationships among team identification, sport fandom, sense of belonging, and meaning in life. Group Dyn Theory Res Pract 21(2):94–107CrossRef
Weber R, Brand A, Koch F, Niemann A (2022) Cosmopolitans and communitarians: a typology of football fans between national and European influences. Int Rev Sociol Sport 57(4):532–551CrossRef
White FA, Newson M, Verrelli S, Whitehouse H (2021) Pathways to prejudice and outgroup hostility: group alignment and intergroup conflict among football fans. J Appl Soc Psychol 51(7):660–666CrossRef
Winter R (2017) Fans and cultural practice. In: Roose J, Schäfer MS, Schmidt-Lux T (eds) Fans. Soziologische Perspektiven [Fans. Sociological perspectives]. VS Verlag fuer Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, pp 141–160CrossRef
Woods J, Lee Ludvigsen JA (2022) The changing faces of fandom? Exploring emerging ‘online’ and ‘offline’ fandom spaces in the English premier league. Sport Soc 25(11):2234–2249CrossRef
Zhang X (2022) Why most Chinese fans of American superhero movies are girls: a gendered local fandom of a global Hollywood icon. J Int Intercult Commun 15(2):148–164CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
The Fan Principle: Fans and Fan Customers
verfasst von
Roman Becker
Gregor Daschmann
Copyright-Jahr
2023
Buch
FANOMICS®

Print ISBN: 978-3-658-41238-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-658-41239-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2023

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41239-5_1