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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. The Future of Europe: Bridging the Gap Between Moral Hazard and Solidarity

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Abstract

Within the context of discussions on the future of Europe, the last chapter asks how the EU can contribute to the strengthening of institutions at the domestic level. It is argued that precautionary measures are more desirable than strengthening punishment mechanisms—the integration of institutional development into EU competitiveness and regional policy and reducing moral hazard on the financial markets are more likely to succeed in building a resilient institutional framework than enhancing Article 7 although that also appears a necessary step. The main conclusion from the chapter is that stronger domestic institutions and higher level of trust are necessary to bridge the gap between concerns of solidarity and moral hazard, which arise from plans about deeper integration.

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Fußnoten
1
The papers are available at: https://​ec.​europa.​eu/​commission/​white-paper-future-europe_​en. Accessed 2 July, 2017.
 
3
Szente (2017: 466) mentions the 2011 case of reducing the retirement age of judges, which made most leadership positions vacant within a year. While the government lost the case at the European Court of Justice and the judges received compensation, their position had been already filled.
 
4
See the methodological discussion in World Economic Forum (2016): 35–41.
 
5
The main targets of the Europe 2020 strategy relate to employment, research and development, climate change and energy, education, as well as poverty and social inclusion. The targets are available at: https://​ec.​europa.​eu/​info/​strategy/​european-semester/​framework/​europe-2020-strategy_​en. Accessed 2 July, 2017.
 
6
The main targets of the current regional policy are research and innovation, information and communication technologies, making small- and medium-sized companies more competitive, moving toward a low-carbon economy. The targets are available at: https://​europa.​eu/​european-union/​topics/​regional-policy_​en. Accessed 2 July, 2017.
 
7
Charron et al. (2015: 325) provide a map of institutional quality in the European Union and Turkey, which shows the link.
 
8
This is the suggestion of Věra Jourová, European Commissioner for Justice. See the report by Cooper (2017).
 
9
There is an enormous literature on the effectiveness of foreign aid, which I do not cover here. For an extensive elaboration of the problem, see the classic book by William Easterly (Easterly 2006).
 
10
See the overview of studies in Glaeser et al. (2007): 79–81.
 
11
For an overview of these cases, see Redden (2017).
 
12
The generational divide is analyzed by Smets (2012), who show that delayed entry into adulthood is probably responsible for this trend.
 
13
For an extensive overview of these relationships, see Klapsis (2015).
 
14
According to Veebel (2016: 16) such campaigns have the following objectives: “demonize the adversary, deter and demoralize the adversary, legitimize one’s own activities to the general public, mobilize target populations, promote one’s own political elites.”
 
16
At the time of writing Hungary became the first country, where the European Parliament started this procedure. Poland is also threatened, and the two countries have already promised to defend each other and veto any punishment.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
The Future of Europe: Bridging the Gap Between Moral Hazard and Solidarity
verfasst von
Dóra Győrffy
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69212-8_8