The green entrepreneurship landscape: drivers, outcomes, and future directions

Amidst the escalating environmental crisis, green entrepreneurship emerges as a pivotal force in fostering a sustainable business paradigm. However, there is a noticeable dearth of studies examining green entrepreneurship as an independent research domain and with novel frameworks, revealing nuanced future directions. Employing the SPAR-4 framework, this Systematic Literature Review (SLR) meticulously examines articles sourced from Scopus and Web of Science, ultimately selecting and scrutinizing 73 articles spanning 2004 to 2024. The primary objective of this review is to critically analyse existing knowledge on green entrepreneurship, utilizing the TCCM framework to unfold the literature with different dimensions and to critically identify the drivers and outcomes of green entrepreneurship (GE) and future directions. Through a comprehensive analysis encompassing foundational theories, antecedents, driving forces, and methodological frameworks, this review uncovered emergent areas of inquiry and intricate interconnections within the field. Key themes and categories representing various drivers and outcomes of green entrepreneurship are extracted from the selected literature and organized into broader categories. This nuanced exploration not only synthesizes key insights from past studies but also highlights potential pathways for future research, contributing to a deeper understanding of the dynamic and multifaceted nature of green entrepreneurship. With its practical and theoretical contributions, the paper demonstrates the significance of green entrepreneurship. Finally, the paper concludes by identifying and signifying the nine major themes upon which future research questions are developed.