Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Mechanical Behavior and Properties of Adipose Tissue Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

The Impact of Obesity and Weight Loss on Gait in Adults

verfasst von : Tarja Lyytinen, Timo Bragge, Tuomas Liikavainio, Paavo Vartiainen, Pasi A. Karjalainen, Jari P. Arokoski

Erschienen in: The Mechanobiology of Obesity and Related Diseases

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Obesity has been associated with a range of musculoskeletal disorders such as the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in adults. Better insight into how obesity and weight loss affect locomotion would open new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of OA. In this chapter, we review the differences in spatio-temporal gait variables and joint kinematics and loading in obese compared to lean individuals. We focus on the biomechanics of the ankle, knee and hip joints and also summarize the gait differences after weight loss. Obese individuals walk at a lower speed, have a smaller stride length, a smaller step frequency, a longer stance phase, a shorter swing phase, a greater step width and a longer double support phase compared to normal-weight individuals. Although the absolute ground reaction forces and joint moments are higher in the obese, reports on gait kinematics and joint moments in obese individuals compared to lean individuals are inconsistent. These differences might partly be due to differences in walking velocity (e.g. standardized versus self-selected speed) and the different normalizing procedures for joint moments. Weight loss appears to be an effective way to reduce absolute joint forces and impulsive loadings during walking, but no significant change has been observed in normalized hip, knee or ankle moments. Weight loss not only induces a simple mass-related adaptation in gait, but also mechanical plasticity in the gait strategy.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Mechanical Stresses as Modulators of Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Inflammation
Nächstes Kapitel Excessive Weight Bearing Compromises Foot Structure and Function Across the Lifespan
Literatur
1.
Aaboe, J., Bliddal, H., Messier, S.P., Alkjaer, T., Henriksen, M.: Effects of an intensive weight loss program on knee joint loading in obese adults with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 19, 822–828 (2011)CrossRef
2.
Arokoski, J.P., Jurvelin, J.S., Väätäinen, U., Helminen, H.J.: Normal and pathological adaptations of articular cartilage to joint loading. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 10, 186–198 (2000)CrossRef
3.
Arokoski, J.P., Eskelinen, A., Helminen, E.-E., Kettunen, J., Malmivaara, A., Mattila, V., Moilanen, E., Ojala, R., Paavolainen, P., Salo, P., Virolainen, P., Vuolteenaho, K.: Treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis (online). Current Care guideline. Working group set up by the Finnish Medical Society Duodecim and the Finnish Orthopaedic Society. Finnish Medical Society Duodecim, Helsinki. http://​www.​kaypahoito.​fi (2012). Accessed 22 Oct 2012
4.
Blaszczyk, J.W., Plewa, M., Cieslinska-Swider, J., Bacik, B., Zahorska-Markiewicz, B., Markiewicz, A.: Impact of excess body weight on walking at the preferred speed. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. (Wars) 71, 528–540 (2011)
5.
6.
Brandt, K.D., Radin, E.L., Dieppe, P.A., van de Putte, L.: Yet more evidence that osteoarthritis is not a cartilage disease. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 65, 1261–1264 (2006)CrossRef
7.
Browning, R.C., Kram, R.: Effects of obesity on the biomechanics of walking at different speeds. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 39, 1632–1641 (2007)
8.
Buchwald, H., Avidor, Y., Braunwald, E., Jensen, M.D., Pories, W., Fahrbach, K., Schoelles, K.: Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 292, 1724–1737 (2004)CrossRef
9.
Burke, L.E., Wang, J.: Treatment strategies for overweight and obesity. J. Nurs. Scholarsh. 43, 368–375 (2011)CrossRef
10.
da Silva-Hamu, T.C., Formiga, C.K., Gervasio, F.M., Ribeiro, D.M., Christofoletti, G., de Franca Barros, J.: The impact of obesity in the kinematic parameters of gait in young women. Int. J Gen. Med. 6, 507–513 (2013)CrossRef
11.
de Souza, S.A., Faintuch, J., Valezi, A.C., Sant’Anna, A.F., Gama-Rodrigues, J.J., de Batista Fonseca, I.C., Souza, R.B., Senhorini, R.C.: Gait cinematic analysis in morbidly obese patients. Obes. Surg. 15, 1238–1242 (2005)
12.
DeVita, P., Hortobagyi, T.: Obesity is not associated with increased knee joint torque and power during level walking. J. Biomech. 36, 1355–1362 (2003)CrossRef
13.
Eccles, J., Dimitrijevic, M. (eds.): Upper Motor Neuron Functions and Dysfunctions, Recent Achievements in Restorative Neurology series, vol. 1. S Karger AG, Basel (1985)
14.
Felson, D.T., Zhang, Y., Anthony, J.M., Naimark, A., Anderson, J.J.: Weight loss reduces the risk for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in women. The Framingham Study. Ann. Intern. Med. 116, 535–539 (1992)CrossRef
15.
Foroughi, N., Smith, R., Vanwanseele, B.: The association of external knee adduction moment with biomechanical variables in osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Knee 16, 303–309 (2009)CrossRef
16.
Freedman Silvernail, J., Milner, C.E., Thompson, D., Zhang, S., Zhao, X.: The influence of body mass index and velocity on knee biomechanics during walking. Gait Posture 37, 575–579 (2013)CrossRef
17.
Henriksen, M., Hunter, D.J., Dam, E.B., Messier, S.P., Andriacchi, T.P., Lohmander, L.S., Aaboe, J., Boesen, M., Gudbergsen, H., Bliddal, H., Christensen, R.: Is increased joint loading detrimental to obese patients with knee osteoarthritis? A secondary data analysis from a randomized trial. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 21, 1813–2058 (2013)
18.
Hochberg, M.C., Altman, R.D., April, K.T., Benkhalti, M., Guyatt, G., McGowan, J., Towheed, T., Welch, V., Wells, G., Tugwell, P.: American College of Rheumatology 2012 recommendations for the use of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies in osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Arthritis Care Res. (Hoboken) 64, 465–474 (2012)CrossRef
19.
Hortobagyi, T., Herring, C., Pories, W.J., Rider, P., Devita, P.: Massive weight loss-induced mechanical plasticity in obese gait. J. Appl. Physiol. 111, 1391–1399 (2011)CrossRef
20.
Jiang, L., Rong, J., Wang, Y., Hu, F., Bao, C., Li, X., Zhao, Y.: The relationship between body mass index and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine 78, 150–155 (2011)CrossRef
21.
Jiang, L., Tian, W., Wang, Y., Rong, J., Bao, C., Liu, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, C.: Body mass index and susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine 79, 291–297 (2012)CrossRef
22.
Josbeno, D.A., Jakicic, J.M., Hergenroeder, A., Eid, G.M.: Physical activity and physical function changes in obese individuals after gastric bypass surgery. Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis. 6, 361–366 (2010)CrossRef
23.
Ko, S., Stenholm, S., Ferrucci, L.: Characteristic gait patterns in older adults with obesity–results from the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. J. Biomech. 43, 1104–1110 (2010)CrossRef
24.
Lai, P.P., Leung, A.K., Li, A.N., Zhang, M.: Three-dimensional gait analysis of obese adults. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon) 23(Suppl. 1), S2–S6 (2008)
25.
Larsson, U.E., Mattsson, E.: Influence of weight loss programmes on walking speed and relative oxygen cost (%VO2max) in obese women during walking. J. Rehabil. Med. 35, 91–97 (2003)CrossRef
26.
Ledin, T., Odkvist, L.M.: Effects of increased inertial load in dynamic and randomized perturbed posturography. Acta Otolaryngol. 113, 249–252 (1993)CrossRef
27.
Lelas, J.L., Merriman, G.J., Riley, P.O., Kerrigan, D.C.: Predicting peak kinematic and kinetic parameters from gait speed. Gait Posture 17, 106–112 (2003)CrossRef
28.
Liikavainio, T.: Biomechanics of gait and physical function in patients with knee OA: thigh muscle properties and joint loading assessment. Dissertations in Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (2010)
29.
Liikavainio, T., Bragge, T., Hakkarainen, M., Karjalainen, P.A., Arokoski, J.P.: Gait and muscle activation changes in men with knee osteoarthritis. Knee 17, 69–76 (2010)CrossRef
30.
Liikavainio, T., Bragge, T., Hakkarainen, M., Jurvelin, J.S., Karjalainen, P.A., Arokoski, J.P.: Reproducibility of loading measurements with skin-mounted accelerometers during walking. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 88, 907–915 (2007)CrossRef
31.
Lyytinen, T., Liikavainio, T., Pääkkonen, M., Gylling, H., Arokoski, J.P.: Physical function and properties of quadriceps femoris muscle after bariatric surgery and subsequent weight loss. J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal Interact. 13(3), 329–338 (2013)
32.
Messier, S.P.: Diet and exercise for obese adults with knee osteoarthritis. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 26, 461–477 (2010)CrossRef
33.
Messier, S.P., Davies, A.B., Moore, D.T., Davis, S.E., Pack, R.J., Kazmar, S.C.: Severe obesity: effects on foot mechanics during walking. Foot Ankle Int. 15, 29–34 (1994)CrossRef
34.
Messier, S.P., Gutekunst, D.J., Davis, C., DeVita, P.: Weight loss reduces knee-joint loads in overweight and obese older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 2026–2032 (2005)CrossRef
35.
Messier, S.P., Legault, C., Loeser, R.F., Van Arsdale, S.J., Davis, C., Ettinger, W.H., DeVita, P.: Does high weight loss in older adults with knee osteoarthritis affect bone-on-bone joint loads and muscle forces during walking? Osteoarthr. Cartil. 19, 272–280 (2011)CrossRef
36.
Messier, S.P., Loeser, R.F., Miller, G.D., Morgan, T.M., Rejeski, W.J., Sevick, M.A., Ettinger Jr, W.H., Pahor, M., Williamson, J.D.: Exercise and dietary weight loss in overweight and obese older adults with knee osteoarthritis: the arthritis, diet, and activity promotion trial. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 1501–1510 (2004)CrossRef
37.
Miller, G.D., Nicklas, B.J., You, T., Fernandez, A.: Physical function improvements after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis. 5, 530–537 (2009)CrossRef
38.
Minetti, A.E.: Walking on other planets. Nature 409, 467–469 (2001)CrossRef
39.
Nantel, J., Mathieu, M.E., Prince, F.: Physical activity and obesity: biomechanical and physiological key concepts. J. Obes. 2011, 1–10 (2011)
40.
Pataky, Z., Armand, S., Muller-Pinget, S., Golay, A., Allet, L.: Effects of obesity on functional capacity. Obesity (Silver Spring) (2013, in press)
41.
Paul, J.: Joint kinetics. In: Sokoloff, L. (ed.) The joints and synovial fluid, vol. 2. Academic Press, New York (1980)
42.
Perry, J., Burnfield, J.: Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function. Slack Incorporated, New Jersey (2010)
43.
Perttunen, J.: Foot loading in normal and pathological walking. Dissertation, University of Jyväskylä (2002)
44.
Plewa, M., Cieślińska-Świder, J., Bacik, B., Zahorska-Markiewicz, B., Markiewicz, A., Błaszczyk, J.W.: Effects of the weight loss treatment on selected kinematic gait parameters in obese women. J. Hum. Kinet. 18, 3–14 (2007)
45.
Radin, E.L., Yang, K.H., Riegger, C., Kish, V.L., O’Connor, J.J.: Relationship between lower limb dynamics and knee joint pain. J. Orthop. Res. 9, 398–405 (1991)CrossRef
46.
Riecke, B.F., Christensen, R., Christensen, P., Leeds, A.R., Boesen, M., Lohmander, L.S., Astrup, A., Bliddal, H.: Comparing two low-energy diets for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms in obese patients: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. Osteoarthr. Cartil. 18, 746–754 (2010)CrossRef
47.
Runhaar, J., Koes, B.W., Clockaerts, S., Bierma-Zeinstra, S.M.: A systematic review on changed biomechanics of lower extremities in obese individuals: a possible role in development of osteoarthritis. Obes. Rev. 12, 1071–1082 (2011)CrossRef
48.
Russell, E.M., Braun, B., Hamill, J.: Does stride length influence metabolic cost and biomechanical risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in obese women? Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon) 25, 438–443 (2010)
49.
Segal, N.A., Yack, H.J., Khole, P.: Weight, rather than obesity distribution, explains peak external knee adduction moment during level gait. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 88, 180–188; quiz 189–191, 246 (2009)
50.
Simonsen, E.B., Dyhre-Poulsen, P., Voigt, M., Aagaard, P., Sjogaard, G., Bojsen-Moller, F.: Bone-on-bone forces during loaded and unloaded walking. Acta Anat. (Basel) 152, 133–142 (1995)CrossRef
51.
Spyropoulos, P., Pisciotta, J.C., Pavlou, K.N., Cairns, M.A., Simon, S.R.: Biomechanical gait analysis in obese men. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 72, 1065–1070 (1991)
52.
Tanamas, S., Hanna, F.S., Cicuttini, F.M., Wluka, A.E., Berry, P., Urquhart, D.M.: Does knee malalignment increase the risk of development and progression of knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review. Arthritis Rheum. 61, 459–467 (2009)CrossRef
53.
Vartiainen, P., Bragge, T., Lyytinen, T., Hakkarainen, M., Karjalainen, P.A., Arokoski, J.P.: Kinematic and kinetic changes in obese gait in bariatric surgery-induced weight loss. J. Biomech. 45, 1769–1774 (2012)CrossRef
54.
Vaughan, C.L., Davis, B.L., O’Connor, J.J. (eds.): Dynamics of Human Gait. Kiboho, Cape Town (1999)
55.
Vilensky, J.: Innervation of the joint and its role in osteoarthritis. In: Brandt, K., Doherty, M., Lohmander, L. (eds.) Osteoarthritis, pp. 161–167. Oxford University Press, New York (2003)
56.
Villareal, D.T., Chode, S., Parimi, N., Sinacore, D.R., Hilton, T., Armamento-Villareal, R., Napoli, N., Qualls, C., Shah, K.: Weight loss, exercise, or both and physical function in obese older adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 364, 1218–1229 (2011)CrossRef
57.
Vincent, H.K., Ben-David, K., Conrad, B.P., Lamb, K.M., Seay, A.N., Vincent, K.R.: Rapid changes in gait, musculoskeletal pain, and quality of life after bariatric surgery. Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis. 8, 346–354 (2012)CrossRef
58.
Vincent, H.K., Heywood, K., Connelly, J., Hurley, R.W.: Obesity and weight loss in the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis. PMR 4, S59–S67 (2012)CrossRef
59.
Vismara, L., Romei, M., Galli, M., Montesano, A., Baccalaro, G., Crivellini, M., Grugni, G.: Clinical implications of gait analysis in the rehabilitation of adult patients with “Prader-Willi” Syndrome: a cross-sectional comparative study (“Prader-Willi” Syndrome vs. matched obese patients and healthy subjects). J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 4, 14 (2007)CrossRef
60.
Wearing, S.C., Hennig, E.M., Byrne, N.M., Steele, J.R., Hills, A.P.: The biomechanics of restricted movement in adult obesity. Obes. Rev. 7, 13–24 (2006)CrossRef
61.
Whittle, M.W.: Gait Analysis: an introduction, 4th edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (2007)
62.
Metadaten
Titel
The Impact of Obesity and Weight Loss on Gait in Adults
verfasst von
Tarja Lyytinen
Timo Bragge
Tuomas Liikavainio
Paavo Vartiainen
Pasi A. Karjalainen
Jari P. Arokoski
Copyright-Jahr
2015
Buch
The Mechanobiology of Obesity and Related Diseases

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-09335-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-09336-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2015

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/8415_2014_174

Neuer Inhalt

    Bildnachweise