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Erschienen in:
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2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. The Knowledge Economy Framework

verfasst von : Anand Kulkarni

Erschienen in: India and the Knowledge Economy

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

This chapter defines innovation and the knowledge economy and considers various theories and frameworks, from the macro level through to more disaggregated approaches. It also looks at the history of planning in India through the lens primarily of science and technology. The author posits a framework for innovation and the knowledge economy for India based on a capabilities approach, called the ‘E' Framework. The E framework comprises Enablers, Education, Engagement, Entrepreneurship and Empowerment. The natural environment is also presented as closely aligned with the framework elements. A key aspect of the overall approach is that India needs to be open to, and participate in, the flow of ideas from wherever and however they originate. Further, policy and strategic action needs to be strongly oriented to providing solutions to complex challenges facing India and the world.

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Nächstes Kapitel Enablers
Fußnoten
1
Author calculations based on Maddison’s work.
 
2
OECD 2008–2018 refers to the same name of the publication which is refreshed every two years.
 
3
Note the effect of R&D stock on innovation is significant only in OECD countries with large markets.
 
4
Christiansen’s original theory focussed on technologies, later widened to include broader innovations encompassing business and organisational models.
 
5
Bottom of the Pyramid pioneered by Prahlad (2005) describes firms who target customers in the least well off segments, tailoring products and services specifically to their needs and circumstances.
 
6
The quotations for the plans are indicated by chapter and paragraph, since page numbers are hard to discern in the documents, especially the early plans.
 
7
Aggarwal in a similar vein speaks of three phases: the growth phase of independence to the 1960's; the growth with self-reliance and social justice phase from 1960s onwards; and the liberalisation phase from the 1980s onward.
 
8
The fourth and fifth phases.
 
9
In addition to the New Economic Growth School is the increasing returns approach led by Arthur (1996) from the business school perspective focussing on high technology industries.
 
10
Schumpeter’s later theory focussed more on large firms, rather than smaller individual entrepreneur of the earlier design, and was more pessimistic about bureaucracy and inertia associated with larger firms.
 
11
The notion of interdependence has also been used by Bound (2007) in the analysis of Indian Innovation.
 
12
Our view of intellectual property diverges somewhat. It is about less inclination to protect IP per se but to be more about diffusion of IP naturally seeking a balance though to reward originators.
 
13
Reproduction of North’s original paper.
 
14
Our approach is thus aligned with Nayyar (2017) as we shall take up more fully in the next chapter.
 
15
We apply the general framing to the female empowerment.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
The Knowledge Economy Framework
verfasst von
Anand Kulkarni
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Verlag
Springer Singapore
Buch
India and the Knowledge Economy

Print ISBN: 978-981-13-9377-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-13-9378-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9378-5_1