The Large-Scale Shaking Table Model Test of the Shallow-Bias Tunnel with a Small Clear Distance

A physical shaking table test model of the shallow-bias tunnel with a small clear distance whose scale was 1:10 was performed to study the type, direction and acceleration peak of the seismic wave which have an immense influence on the dynamic response characteristics of the tunnel. In shaking table model test, the Wen Chuan wave (wc–xz), Da Rui wave (dr–xz) and Kobe wave (k–xz) were adopted as loading wave in x, z-direction (horizontal and vertical direction loading at the same time). The results show that under the action of seismic wave, the acceleration amplification factor of z-direction is generally larger than that of x-direction. Compared with the lining of the right hole, the acceleration amplification factor and variation trend of the lining of the left hole are highly different. The strain is less affected by the type of seismic wave, but that is greatly affected by acceleration peak. The tension strain increases with the increase of the acceleration peak of seismic wave, and is larger than the compression strain at each measuring point. The variation trend of tension strain is more intense than the compression strain.