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2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

The Legal Side of Digital Technologies: Challenges and New Paradigms

verfasst von : Marco Bassini, Oreste Pollicino

Erschienen in: The Post-Digital Enterprise

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The chapter aims to provide an overview of the relationship between law and the rise of digital technologies. It focuses on two of the most challenging issues that have come up in cyberspace, namely, the role of online platforms in the context of content moderation and the protection of personal data. It highlights the role played by courts in safeguarding the rule of law principle also in the digital sphere, in light of the emergence of new “private powers” that more and more are capable of influencing the degree of protection of human rights (such as freedom of expression and the right to privacy).

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See Oreste Pollicino and Giovanni De Gregorio, “Constitutional Democracy in the Age of Algorithms: The Implications of Digital Private Powers on the Rule of Law in Times of Pandemics,” MediaLaws.eu, 11 November 2021.

Monroe E. Price, “The Newness of Technology” (2001) 22 Cardozo Law Review 1885.

Steven Malby, “Strengthening The Rule of Law through Technology” (2017) 43 Commonwealth Law Bulletin 307.

Mireille Hildebrandt, “The Artificial Intelligence of European Union Law” (2020) 21 German Law Journal 74.

Jeremy Waldron, “The Concept and the Rule of Law” (2008) 43(1) Georgia Law Review 1.

Michael D. Birnhack and Niva Elkin-Koren, “The Invisible Handshake: The Reemergence of the State in the Digital Environment” (2003) 8 Virginia Journal of Law & Technology 1.

Giovanni De Gregorio, “Democratising Content Moderation: A Constitutional Framework” (2020) 36 Computer Law & Security Law Review 105374.

Serge Gutwirth and Paul De Hert, “Regulating Profiling in a Democratic Constitutional States,” in Mireille Hildebrandt and Serge Gutwirth (eds), Profiling the European Citizen 271 (2006).

Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Single Market For Digital Services (Digital Services Act) and amending Directive 2000/31/EC, Brussels, 15.12.2020, COM(2020) 825 final, 2020/0361(COD).

Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market (“Directive on electronic commerce”).

For an overview, see Marco Bassini, “Mambo Italiano: the perilous Italian way to ISP liability,” in Bilyana Petkova and Tuomas Ojanen, Fundamental Rights Protection Online. The Future Regulation of Intermediaries (Cheltenham-Northampton 2020), 84. For an in-depth focus on the implications on freedom of expression of the role of Internet service providers, see Ernesto Apa and Oreste Pollicino, Modeling the Liability of Internet Service Provider. Google vs. Vivi Down: A Constitutional Perspective (Milan 2014).

47 U.S.C. § 230.

A recent volume by Jeff Kosseff not surprisingly renamed this provision as “The Twenty-Six Words That Created the Internet” (see Jeff Kosseff, The Twenty-Six Words That Created the Internet (Ithaca-London 2019).

Cubby, Inc. v. CompuServe Inc., 776 F. Supp. 135 (S.D.N.Y. 1991).

Stratton Oakmont, Inc. v. Prodigy Services Co., 23 Media L. Rep. 1794 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1995).

“No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.”

Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616 (1919).

17 U.S.C. §§ 512.

Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997).

See most notably Knight First Amendment Inst. at Columbia Univ. v. Trump, 928 F.3d 226 (2d Cir. 2019), now Joseph R. Biden, Jr. President of the United States, et al., v Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University, et al., 593 U. S. ____ (2021).

On these profiles see Giovanni De Gregorio, Expressions on Platforms: Freedom of Expression and ISP Liability in the European Digital Single Market, (2018) 3(2) European Competition and Regulatory Law Review 203.

Packingham v. North Carolina, 582 U.S. ___.

No. 18-15712. D.C. No. 5:17-cv-06064.

Executive Order 13925 of May 28, 2020. Preventing Online Censorship.

Directive 2010/13/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of March 10, 2010, on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation, or administrative action in Member States concerning the provision of audiovisual media services (Audiovisual Media Services Directive).

Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 17, 2019, on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC.

See for an overview Chris Jay Hoofnagle, Bart van der Sloot, and Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius, “The European Union general data protection regulation: what it is and what it means” (2019) 28(1) Information & Communications Technology Law 65.

See Orla Lynskey, The Foundations of EU Data Protection Law (Oxford 2015).

See among others Digital Rights Ireland et al, joined cases C-293/12 and C-594/12 [2014]; Google Spain, case C-131/12 [2014]; Maximillian Schrems v. Data Protection Commissioner, C-362/14. See also Oreste Pollicino and Marco Bassini, “Bridge is Down, Data Truck Can’t Get Through… A Critical View of the Schrems Judgment in the Context of European Constitutionalism,” in Giuliana Ziccardi Capaldo (ed.), The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2016 (Oxford 2017) 245; Oreste Pollicino and Marco Bassini, The Luxembourg Sense of the Internet: Towards a Right to Digital Privacy?, in Giuliana Ziccardi Capaldo (ed., “Global Community Yearbook of International Law & Jurisprudence 2014” (Oxford 2015) 223.

See also European Data Protection Board, Guidelines 4/2019 on Article 25 Data Protection by Design and by Default, 20 October 2020.

See the judgments of the Court of Justice in the Schrems I (C-362/14 [2015], supra) and Schrems II (Data Protection Commissioner v. Facebook Ireland and Maximillian Schrems, C-311/18 [2020]) cases. See also the Google v. CNIL judgment on the territorial reach of the right to be forgotten: Google Inc. v. Commission nationale de l’informatique et des libertés (CNIL), case C-507/17 [2019].

See also European Data Protection Board, Guidelines 3/2018 on the territorial scope of the GDPR (Article 3), Version 2.1., 12 November 2019.

See, e.g., Sandra Wachter, Brent Mittelstadt, and Luciano Floridi, “Why a Right to Explanation of Automated Decision-Making Does Not Exist in the General Data Protection Regulation,” [2017] 7(2) International Data Privacy Law 76; Margot E. Kaminski, “The Right to Explanation, Explained,” [2019] 34(1) Berkeley Technology Law Journal 189; Andrew D Selbs and Julia Powles, “Meaningful information and the right to explanation” [2017] 7(4) International Data Privacy Law 233.

Bilyana Petkova, “Privacy as Europe’s first Amendment,” [2019] 25(2) European Law Journal 140.

Titel: The Legal Side of Digital Technologies: Challenges and New Paradigms
verfasst von: Marco Bassini
Oreste Pollicino
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: The Post-Digital Enterprise
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-94836-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-94837-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94837-5_8

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