Skip to main content

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

10. The Logic of Abduction: An Introduction

verfasst von : Atocha Aliseda

Erschienen in: Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this chapter, the focus will be on formal models of hypothetical reasoning, in particular on those concerned with abductive reasoning.
In Sect. 10.1, the chapter offers a brief history of the notion of abduction, starting with an attempt to distinguish it from its closest neighbor, induction. Charles Peirce’s original conception of abduction is then presented and followed by an overview of abduction in the cognitive sciences, together with some paradigmatic examples of the kind that will be dealt with in the chapters to follow. Sect. 10.2 presents two main approaches to abduction in philosophy, as argument and as inference to the best explanation (IBE), something which sets the ground to put forward a general logical taxonomy for abduction. Sect. 10.3 goes deeper into three logic-based classical characterizations of abduction found in the literature, namely as logical inference, as a computational process, and as a process for epistemic change.
Hypothetical reasoning is understood here as a type of reasoning to explanations. This type of reasoning covers abductive as well as inductive inferences. As for the latter, in this handbook part, the concern will be limited to enumerative induction and will leave its full presentation to the corresponding chapter (Chap. 11).

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat B. Russell: The Art of Philosophizing and Other Essays (Adams, Totowa, Littlefield 1974) B. Russell: The Art of Philosophizing and Other Essays (Adams, Totowa, Littlefield 1974)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Thagard: Computational Philosophy of Science (MIT, Cambridge 1988) P. Thagard: Computational Philosophy of Science (MIT, Cambridge 1988)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat J.S. Mill: A system of logic. In: The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, ed. by J.M. Robson (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1958), New York, Harper and brothers J.S. Mill: A system of logic. In: The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, ed. by J.M. Robson (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1958), New York, Harper and brothers
4.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Harman: The inference to the best explanation, Philos. Rev. 74(1), 88–95 (1965)CrossRef G. Harman: The inference to the best explanation, Philos. Rev. 74(1), 88–95 (1965)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat E. Shapiro: Inductive inference of theories from facts. In: Computational Logic: Essays in Honor of Alan Robinson, ed. by J.L. Lassez, G. Plotkin (MIT, Cambridge 1991) E. Shapiro: Inductive inference of theories from facts. In: Computational Logic: Essays in Honor of Alan Robinson, ed. by J.L. Lassez, G. Plotkin (MIT, Cambridge 1991)
6.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Flach, A. Kakas (Eds.): Abduction and Induction. Essays on Their Relation and Integration (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 2000)MATH P. Flach, A. Kakas (Eds.): Abduction and Induction. Essays on Their Relation and Integration (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 2000)MATH
7.
Zurück zum Zitat W. Salmon: Scientific explanation. In: Introduction to the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 1--6, ed. by W. Salmon, J. Earman, C. Glymour, J. Lennox, K. Schaffner, W.C. Salmon, J.D. Norton, J.E. McGuire, P. Machamer, J.G. Lennox (Prentice Hall, New York 1992) W. Salmon: Scientific explanation. In: Introduction to the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 1--6, ed. by W. Salmon, J. Earman, C. Glymour, J. Lennox, K. Schaffner, W.C. Salmon, J.D. Norton, J.E. McGuire, P. Machamer, J.G. Lennox (Prentice Hall, New York 1992)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Aliseda: Abductive Reasoning. Logical Investigation into Discovery and Explanation, Vol. 330 (Springer, Dordrecht 2006)MATH A. Aliseda: Abductive Reasoning. Logical Investigation into Discovery and Explanation, Vol. 330 (Springer, Dordrecht 2006)MATH
10.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Anderson: The Evolution of Peirce’s Concept of Abduction, Trans. Charles S. Peirce Society, Vol. 22 (Indiana Univ. Press, Bloomington 1986) pp. 145–164 D. Anderson: The Evolution of Peirce’s Concept of Abduction, Trans. Charles S. Peirce Society, Vol. 22 (Indiana Univ. Press, Bloomington 1986) pp. 145–164
11.
Zurück zum Zitat J. Hintikka: What is abduction? The fundamental problem of contemporary epistemology, Trans. Charles S. Peirce Soc. 34(3), 503–533 (1998) J. Hintikka: What is abduction? The fundamental problem of contemporary epistemology, Trans. Charles S. Peirce Soc. 34(3), 503–533 (1998)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Aliseda: Abduction as epistemic change: A Peircean model in artificial intelligence. In: Abduction and Induction, ed. by P. Flach, A. Kakas (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 2000) pp. 45–58CrossRef A. Aliseda: Abduction as epistemic change: A Peircean model in artificial intelligence. In: Abduction and Induction, ed. by P. Flach, A. Kakas (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 2000) pp. 45–58CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat C.S. Peirce: 1867-1913. Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Vols. 1--6, ed. by C. Hartshorne, P. Weiss. (Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge 1934) C.S. Peirce: 1867-1913. Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Vols. 1--6, ed. by C. Hartshorne, P. Weiss. (Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge 1934)
14.
Zurück zum Zitat H.E. Pople: On the Mechanization of Abductive Logic (Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco 1973) pp. 147–152 H.E. Pople: On the Mechanization of Abductive Logic (Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco 1973) pp. 147–152
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Y. Peng, J.A. Reggia: Abductive Inference Models for Diagnostic Problem-Solving, Symbolic Computation: Artificial Intelligence (Springer, New York 1990)CrossRefMATH Y. Peng, J.A. Reggia: Abductive Inference Models for Diagnostic Problem-Solving, Symbolic Computation: Artificial Intelligence (Springer, New York 1990)CrossRefMATH
16.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Paul: Approaches to abductive reasoning: An overview, Artif. Intell. Rev. 7(2), 109–152 (1993)CrossRef G. Paul: Approaches to abductive reasoning: An overview, Artif. Intell. Rev. 7(2), 109–152 (1993)CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Konolige: Abductive theories in artificial intelligence. In: Principles of Knowledge Representation, ed. by G. Brewka (CSLI Publications, Stanford 1996) K. Konolige: Abductive theories in artificial intelligence. In: Principles of Knowledge Representation, ed. by G. Brewka (CSLI Publications, Stanford 1996)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Paul: AI approaches to abduction. In: Abductive Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems, Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems, Vol. 4, ed. by D. Gabbay, R. Kruse (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 2000) pp. 35–98 P. Paul: AI approaches to abduction. In: Abductive Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems, Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems, Vol. 4, ed. by D. Gabbay, R. Kruse (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 2000) pp. 35–98
19.
Zurück zum Zitat L. Magnani: Abduction, Reason and Science: Processes of Discovery and Explanation (Kluwer/Plenum, New York 2001)CrossRef L. Magnani: Abduction, Reason and Science: Processes of Discovery and Explanation (Kluwer/Plenum, New York 2001)CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat N. Chomsky: Language and Mind. Enlarged edition (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York 1972) N. Chomsky: Language and Mind. Enlarged edition (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York 1972)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Hempel: Aspects of scientific explanation. In: Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Science, ed. by C. Hempel (The Free Press, New York 1965) C. Hempel: Aspects of scientific explanation. In: Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays in the Philosophy of Science, ed. by C. Hempel (The Free Press, New York 1965)
24.
Zurück zum Zitat I. Niiniluoto: Hempel’s theory of statistical explanation. In: Science, Explanation, and Rationality: The Philosophy of Carl G. Hempel, ed. by J.H. Fetzer (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford 2000) pp. 138–163 I. Niiniluoto: Hempel’s theory of statistical explanation. In: Science, Explanation, and Rationality: The Philosophy of Carl G. Hempel, ed. by J.H. Fetzer (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford 2000) pp. 138–163
25.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Kuipers: Abduction aiming at empirical progress or even truth approximation leading to a challenge for computational modelling, Found. Sci. 4(3), 307–323 (1999)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH T. Kuipers: Abduction aiming at empirical progress or even truth approximation leading to a challenge for computational modelling, Found. Sci. 4(3), 307–323 (1999)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
28.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Makinson: General patterns in nonmonotonic reasoning. In: Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning, Vol. 3, ed. by C.J. Hogger, D.M. Gabbay, J.A. Robinson (Oxford Science Publications, Clarendon, Oxford 1994) pp. 35–110 D. Makinson: General patterns in nonmonotonic reasoning. In: Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Uncertain Reasoning, Vol. 3, ed. by C.J. Hogger, D.M. Gabbay, J.A. Robinson (Oxford Science Publications, Clarendon, Oxford 1994) pp. 35–110
30.
Zurück zum Zitat J. Meheus, L. Verhoeven, M. Van Dyck, D. Provijn: Ampliative adaptive logics and the foundation of logic-based approaches to abduction. In: Logical and Computational Aspects of Model-Based Reasoning, ed. by L. Magnani, N.J. Nersessian, C. Pizzi (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 2002) pp. 39–71CrossRef J. Meheus, L. Verhoeven, M. Van Dyck, D. Provijn: Ampliative adaptive logics and the foundation of logic-based approaches to abduction. In: Logical and Computational Aspects of Model-Based Reasoning, ed. by L. Magnani, N.J. Nersessian, C. Pizzi (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 2002) pp. 39–71CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat J.R. Josephson: Smart inductive generalizations are abductions. In: Abduction and Induction, ed. by P. Flach, A. Kakas (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 2000) pp. 31–44CrossRef J.R. Josephson: Smart inductive generalizations are abductions. In: Abduction and Induction, ed. by P. Flach, A. Kakas (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 2000) pp. 31–44CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Y. Shoham: Reasoning About Change. Time and Causation from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence (MIT, Cambridge 1988) Y. Shoham: Reasoning About Change. Time and Causation from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence (MIT, Cambridge 1988)
35.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Dubois, H. Prade: Possibilistic logic, preferential models, non-monotonicity and related issues, Proc. 12th Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence (Morgan Kaufman, Burlington 1991) pp. 419–424 D. Dubois, H. Prade: Possibilistic logic, preferential models, non-monotonicity and related issues, Proc. 12th Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence (Morgan Kaufman, Burlington 1991) pp. 419–424
36.
Zurück zum Zitat L. Magnani (Ed.): Special issue: Abduction, practical reasoning, and creative inferences in science, Logic J. IGPL 14(2) (2006) L. Magnani (Ed.): Special issue: Abduction, practical reasoning, and creative inferences in science, Logic J. IGPL 14(2) (2006)
37.
Zurück zum Zitat L. Magnani, W. Carnielli, C. Pizz (Eds.): Special issue: Formal representations in model-based reasoning and abduction, Logic J. IGPL 20(2) (2012) L. Magnani, W. Carnielli, C. Pizz (Eds.): Special issue: Formal representations in model-based reasoning and abduction, Logic J. IGPL 20(2) (2012)
38.
Zurück zum Zitat L. Magnani (Ed.): Special issue: Formal representations in model-based reasoning and abduction, Logic J. IGPL 21(6) (2013) L. Magnani (Ed.): Special issue: Formal representations in model-based reasoning and abduction, Logic J. IGPL 21(6) (2013)
39.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Aliseda, L. Leonides: Hypotheses testing in adaptive logics: An application to medical diagnosis, Logic J. IGPL 21(6), 915–930 (2013)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH A. Aliseda, L. Leonides: Hypotheses testing in adaptive logics: An application to medical diagnosis, Logic J. IGPL 21(6), 915–930 (2013)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
40.
Zurück zum Zitat J. Woods: Ignorance and semantic tableux: Aliseda on abduction, Theoria. 22(3), 305–318 (2007)MathSciNetMATH J. Woods: Ignorance and semantic tableux: Aliseda on abduction, Theoria. 22(3), 305–318 (2007)MathSciNetMATH
41.
Zurück zum Zitat R.A. Kowalski: Logic for Problem Solving (Elsevier, New York 1979)MATH R.A. Kowalski: Logic for Problem Solving (Elsevier, New York 1979)MATH
42.
Zurück zum Zitat J.W. Lloyd: Foundations of Logic Programming, 2nd edn. (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1987)CrossRefMATH J.W. Lloyd: Foundations of Logic Programming, 2nd edn. (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1987)CrossRefMATH
43.
Zurück zum Zitat A.C. Kakas, R.A. Kowalski, F. Toni: The role of abduction in logic programming. In: Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, Vol. 5, ed. by C.J. Hogger, D.M. Gabbay, J.A. Robinson (Clarendon, Oxford 1998) pp. 235–324 A.C. Kakas, R.A. Kowalski, F. Toni: The role of abduction in logic programming. In: Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, Vol. 5, ed. by C.J. Hogger, D.M. Gabbay, J.A. Robinson (Clarendon, Oxford 1998) pp. 235–324
44.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Denecker, A.C. Kakas: Abduction in logic programming. In: Computational Logic: Logic Programming and Beyond, ed. by A.C. Kakas, F. Sadri (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2002) pp. 402–436CrossRef M. Denecker, A.C. Kakas: Abduction in logic programming. In: Computational Logic: Logic Programming and Beyond, ed. by A.C. Kakas, F. Sadri (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2002) pp. 402–436CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat R. Hähnle, M. D’Agostino, D.M. Gabbay, J. Posegga (Eds.): Handbook of Tableau Methods (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 1999)MATH R. Hähnle, M. D’Agostino, D.M. Gabbay, J. Posegga (Eds.): Handbook of Tableau Methods (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 1999)MATH
47.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Gärdenfors: Belief revision: An introduction. In: Belief Revision, Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science, ed. by P. Gärdenfors (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 1992) pp. 1–28 P. Gärdenfors: Belief revision: An introduction. In: Belief Revision, Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science, ed. by P. Gärdenfors (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 1992) pp. 1–28
48.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Gärdenfors, H. Rott: Belief revision. In: Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, , Oxford Science Publications, ed. by C.J. Hogger, D.M. Gabbay, J.A. Robinson, Vol. 4, (Clarendon, Oxford 1995) pp. 35–132 P. Gärdenfors, H. Rott: Belief revision. In: Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, , Oxford Science Publications, ed. by C.J. Hogger, D.M. Gabbay, J.A. Robinson, Vol. 4, (Clarendon, Oxford 1995) pp. 35–132
49.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Gärdenfors: Knowledge in Flux: Modeling the Dynamics of Epistemic States (MIT, Cambridge 1988)MATH P. Gärdenfors: Knowledge in Flux: Modeling the Dynamics of Epistemic States (MIT, Cambridge 1988)MATH
50.
Zurück zum Zitat C.E. Alchourrón, P. Gärdenfors, D. Makinson: On the logic of theory change: Partial meet contraction and revision functions, J. Symb. Logic 50(2), 510–530 (1985)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH C.E. Alchourrón, P. Gärdenfors, D. Makinson: On the logic of theory change: Partial meet contraction and revision functions, J. Symb. Logic 50(2), 510–530 (1985)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
Metadaten
Titel
The Logic of Abduction: An Introduction
verfasst von
Atocha Aliseda
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30526-4_10