The Materials Science of Modern Technical Superconducting Materials

1.

B. T. Matthias, T. H. Geballe, S. Geller, and E. Corenzwit, “Superconductivity of Nb ₃Sn,” Phys. Rev. 95, 1435 (1954). CrossRef

2.

B. T. Matthias, M. Marezio, E. Corenzwit, A. S. Cooper, and H. E. Barz, “High-temperature superconductors, the first ternary system,” Science 175, 1465–1466 (1972). CrossRef

3.

A. F. Hebard, M. J. Rosseinsky, R. C. Haddon, D. W. Murphy, S. H. Glarum, T. T. M. Palstra, A. P. Ramirez, and A. R. Kortan, “Superconductivity at 18 K in potassium-doped C ₆₀,” Nature 350, 600–601 (1991). CrossRef

4.

K. Holczer, O. Klein, G. Grüner, J. D. Thompson, F. Diederich, and R. Whetten, “Critical magnetic fields in the superconducting state of K ₃C _60,, Rhys. Rev. Lett. 67, 271–274 (1991). CrossRef

5.

V. Buntar, M. Riccò, L. Cristofolini, H. W. Weber, and F. Bolzoni, “Critical fields of the superconducting fullerene RbCs ₂C _60,, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 52 (6), 4432–4437 (1995). CrossRef

6.

J. Xing, Sh. Li, X. Ding, H. Yang, and H.-H. Wen, “Superconductivity appears in the vicinity of semiconducting-like behavior in CeO _{1 – x}F _xBiS ₂,” Phys. Rev. B 86 (21), 214518 (2012). CrossRef

7.

J. C. Bednorz and K. A. Müller, “Possible High T _c Superconductivity in the Ba–La–Cu–O system,” Condens. Matter 64, 189–193 (1986).

8.

N. Nakagawa, T. Muranaka, Y. Zenitani, and J. Akimitsu, “Superconductivity at 39 K in magnesium diboride,” Nature, 410, 63–64 (2001). CrossRef

9.

Z. A. Ren, J. Yang, W. Lu, W. Yi, X. L. Shen, Z. C. Li, G. C. Che, X. L. Dong, L. L. Sun, F. Zhou, and Z. X. Zhao, “Superconductivity in the iron-based F-doped layered quaternary compound Nd[O _{1 – x}F _x]FeAs,” Europhys. Lett. 82 (5), 57002 (2008). CrossRef

10.

C. Wang, L. J. Li, S. Chi, Z. W. Zhu, Z. Ren, Y. K. Li, Y. T. Wang, X. Lin, Y. K. Luo, S. A. Jiang, X. F. Xu, G. H. Cao, and Z. A. Xu, “Thorium-doping-induced superconductivity up to 56 K in Gd _{1 – x}Th _xFeAsO,” Europhys. Lett. 83 (6), 67006 (2008). CrossRef

11.

F. C. Hsu, J. Y. Luo, K. W. Yeh, T. K. Chen, T. W. Huang, P. M. Wu, Y. C. Lee, Y. L. Huang, Y. Y. Chu, D. C. Yan, and M. K. Wu, “Superconductivity in the PbO-type structure α-FeSe,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105 (38), 14262–14264 (2008). CrossRef

12.

Ch. Yao and Y. Ma, “Superconducting materials: challenges and opportunities for large-scale applications,” iScince 24 (6), 102541 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102541

13.

M. Parizh, Y. Lvovsky, and M. Sumption, “Conductors for commercial MRI magnets beyond NbTi: requirements and challenges,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 30 (1), 014007 (2016). CrossRef

14.

Y. Iwasa, “Towards liquid-helium-free, persistent-mode MgB ₂ MRI magnets: FBML experience,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 30, 053001 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aa5fed CrossRef

15.

Y. Öztürk, B. Shen, R. Williams, J. Gawith, J. Yang, J. Ma, A. Carpenter, and T. Coombs, “Current status in building a compact and mobile HTS MRI instrument,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 31 (5), 4400405 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3068305 CrossRef

16.

Ch. Yukai, T. Jingyu, W. Lijiao, Zh. Linhao, Y. Jianquan, and X. Qingjin, “SPPC Status,” HK IAS HEP Conference (2019).

17.

X. Qingjin, “High field superconducting magnet program for accelerators in China,” 10th International Particle Accelerator Conference (Melbourne, Australia, 2019).

18.

L. R. Motowidlo and G. M. Ozeryansky, “A new PIT Nb ₃Sn conductor for high magnetic field applications,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 18 (2), 1001–1004 (2008). CrossRef

19.

M. Brown, C. Tarantini, W. Starch, W. Oates, P. J. Lee, and D. C. Larbalestier, “Correlation of filament distortion and RRR degradation in drawn and rolled PIT and RRP Nb ₃Sn wires,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 29, 084008 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/29/8/084008

20.

H. Kurahashi, K. Itoh, S. Matsumoto, T. Kiyoshi, H. Wada, Y. Murakami, H. Yasunaka, S. Hayashi, and Y. Otani, “Effect of third-element additions on the upper critical field of bronze-processed Nb ₃Sn,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15 (2), 3385–3388 (2005). CrossRef

21.

A. Shikov, A. Nikulin, V. Pantsyrnyi, A. Vorobieva, G. Vedernikov, A. Silaev, E. Dergunova, S. Soudiev, and I. Akimov, “Russian superconducting materials for magnet systems of fusion reactors,” J. Nucl. Mater. 283– 287, Part 2, 968–972 (2000). CrossRef

22.

L. V. Potanina, A. K. Shikov, G. P. Vedernikov, A. E. Vorobieva, V. I. Pantsyrnyi, I. N. Gubkin, A. G. Sylaev, E. I. Plashkin, E. A. Dergunova, and S. V. Soudjev, “Recent progress of low temperature superconducting materials at Bochvar Institute,” Phys. C 386 (15), 390–393 (2003). CrossRef

23.

X. Xu, M. D. Sumption, and E. W. Collings, “A model for phase evolution and volume expansion in tube type Nb ₃Sn conductors,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 26, 125006 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/26/12/125006 CrossRef

24.

W. L. Neijmeijer and B. H. Kolster, “The ternary-system Nb–Sn–Cu at 675°C,” Int. J. Mater. Res. 78 (10), 730–737 (1987). CrossRef

25.

B. E. Vishal Ryan Nazareth, “Characterization of the interdiffusion microstructure A15 layer growth and stoichiometry in tube-type Nb ₃Sn composites,” A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Master of Science in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University, 2008, p. 92.

26.

E. A. Dergunova, I. A. Karateev, A. L. Vasil’ev, K. A. Mareev, M. O. Kurilkin, A. S. Tsapleva, I. M. Abdyukhanov, M. V. Alekseev, and A. V. Lomov, “Study of the specific features of kinetics formation and structure of the superconducting Nb ₃Sn phase in technical superconductors,” Crystallogr. Rep. 64 (2), 252–259 (2019). CrossRef

27.

E. Yu. Klimenko, V. S. Kruglov, N. N. Martovetskii, I. V. Moskalenko, S. I. Novikov, N. A. Chernoplekov, V. P. Kosenko, V. E. Kutnii, V. V. Pronevich, P. I. Slobodchikov, V. F. Gogulya, I. I. Davydov, I. B. Kalinin, V. A. Kovaleva, A. D. Nikulin, V. Ya. Fil’kin, V. V. Shestakov, A. K. Shikov, G. G. Arzumanyan, G. P. Kazanchyan, and V. A. Kazarov, “Superconducting wire for toroidal magnet T-15,” Atomn. Energiya 63, 248–251 (1987).

28.

R. Flükiger, D. Uglietti, C. Senatore, and F. Buta, “Microstructure, composition and critical current density of superconducting Nb ₃Sn wires,” Cryogenics 48, 293–307 (2008). CrossRef

29.

V. Pantsyrny, A. Shikov, and A. Vorobieva, “Nb ₃Sn material development in Russia,” Cryogenics 48, 354–370 (2008). CrossRef

30.

A. Shikov, V. Pantsyrny, A. Vorobieva, E. Dergunova, L. Vogdaev, N. Kozlenkova, K. Mareev, V. Tronza, V. Sytnikov, A. Taran, and A. Rychagov, “Development of the bronze strand of TF Conductor sample for testing in SULTAN facility,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19 (3), 1466–1469 (2009). CrossRef

31.

I. M. Abdyukhanov and N. V. Konovalova, “Study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of bronze with an increased to 16 wt. % content of Sn used for Nb ₃Sn superconductors,” Vopr. Atomn. Nauki Tekhniki. Materialoved. Nov. Mater., No. 3, 15–25 (2019).

32.

D. V. Kudashov, H. R. Muller, and R. Zauter, “Macro and micro structure of spray formed tin_bronze,” in Continuous Casting: Proceedings of the International Conference on Continuous Casting of Non-Ferrous Metals (Wiley–VCH, Weinheim, 2006), pp. 256–264.

33.

I. L. Deryagina, E. N. Popova, S. V. Sudareva, E. P. Romanov, L. V. Elokhina, E. A. Dergunova, A. E. Vorob’eva, and I. M. Abdyukhanov, “Structure of a titanium-alloyed high-tin bronze obtained by the osprey method,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 110, 162–174 (2010). CrossRef

34.

E. Barzi, N. Andreev, P. Li, V. Lombardo, D. Turrioni, and A. V. Zlobin, “Nb ₃Sn RRP strand and Rutherford cable development for a 15 T dipole demonstrator,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 26 (4), 4804305 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2016.2535963 CrossRef

35.

A. S. Tsapleva, A. E. Vorob’eva, I. M. Abdyukhanov, E. A. Dergunova, K. A. Mareev, and M. N. Nasibulin, “Study of Nb3Sn superconductors for strong magnetic fields,” Vopr. Atomn. Nauki Tekhniki. Materialoved. Nov. Mater., No. 2, 16–24 (2014).

36.

A. Ballarino and L. Bottura, “Targets for R&D on Nb ₃Sn conductor for high energy physics,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 25 (3), 6000906 (2015). CrossRef

37.

M. Suenaga, D. O. Welch, R. L. Sabatini, O. F. Kramer, and S. Okuda, “Superconducting critical temperatures, critical magnetic fields, lattice parameters, and chemical compositions of ‘‘bulk’’ pure and alloyed Nb ₃Sn produced by the bronze process,” J. Appl. Phys. 59 (3), 840 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.336607 CrossRef

38.

M. Suenaga, S. Okuda, R. Sabatini, K. Itoh, and T. S. Luhman, “Superconducting properties of (Nb,Ti) ₃Sn wires fabricated by the bronze process,” in Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Ed. by R. P. Reed and A. F. Clark (Plenum, New York, 1982), vol. 28, p. 379.

39.

A. K. Shikov, V. I. Panstsyrnyi, A. V. Vorob’eva, E. A. Dergunova, S. V. Sud’ev, K. A. Mareev, N. A. Belyakov, I. M. Abdyukhanov, and V. V. Sergeev, “Microstructure and properties of Nb ₃Sn superconductors for international thermonuclear experimental reactor,” Met. Sci. Heat Treat. 46 (11–12), 504–513 (2004). CrossRef

40.

I. M. Abdyukhanov, A. E. Vorobyeva, N. A. Beliakov, E. Dergunova, K. Mareev, V. Lomaev, N. V. Tractirnikova, R. Aliev, and A. Shikov, “Production of Nb ₃Sn bronze route strands with high critical current and their study,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 22 (3), 6000404 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2012.2187320 CrossRef

41.

I. L. Deryagina, E. N. Popova, E. P. Romanov, E. A. Dergunova, A. E. Vorobyeva, and S. M. Balaev, “Evolution of the nanocrystalline structure of Nb ₃Sn superconducting layers upon two-stage annealing of Nb/Cu-Sn composites alloyed with titanium,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 113 (4), 391–405 (2012). CrossRef

42.

E. Dergunova, A. Vorobyeva, I. Abdyukhanov, K. Mareev, and S. Balaev, “The study of Nb ₃Sn phase content and structure dependence on the way of Ti doping in superconductorsby bronze route,” Phys. Proc. 36, 1510–1515 (2015).

43.

E. Gregory, B. A. Zeitlin, M. Tomsic, T. Pyon, M. D. Sumption, E. W. Collings, E. Barzi, D. R. Dietderich, R. M. Scanlan, A. A. Polyanskii, and P. J. Lee, “Attempts to reduce a.c. losses in high current density internal-tin Nb ₃Sn,” AIP Conf. Proc. 711, 789 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1774643 CrossRef

44.

R. K. Dhaka, Sn and Ti Diffusion, Phase Formation, Stoichiometry, and Superconducting Properties of Internal—Sn-Type Nb ₃Sn Conductors (Ohio State University, 2007).

45.

J. Parrell, The (Challenges to) Industrialization of HEP-Grade Nb ₃ Sn and BSCCO-2212 (Oxford Superconducting Technology, Carteret, 2014).

46.

M. Suenaga, K. Aihara, K. Kaiho, and T. S. Luchman, Superconducting Properties of (Nb,Ta) ₃ Sn Wires Fabricated by the Bronze Process (Rep. BNL – 29391, 1979), p. 19.

47.

J. Parrell, Y. Zhang, M. Field, M. Meinesz, Y. Huang, H. Miao, S. Hong, N. Cheggour, and L. Goodrich, “Internal tin Nb ₃Sn conductors engineered for Fusion and Particle Accelerator Applications,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19 (3), 2573–2579 (2009). CrossRef

48.

Abächerli V., Uglietti D., “The influence of Ti doping methods on the high field performance of (Nb,Ta,Ti) ₃Sn multifilamentary wires using Osprey bronze,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15, 3482–3485 (2005). CrossRef

49.

V. Abächerli and F. Butaiet, “Investigation on the effect of Ta additions on J _c and n of (Nb, Ti) ₃Sn bronze processed multifilamentary wires at high magnetic Fields,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17, 2564–2567 (2007). CrossRef

50.

I. M. Abdyukhanov, V. I. Pantsyrny, A. G. Silaev, A. S. Tsapleva, N. V. Konovalova, M. Alekseev, E. Dergunova, K. Mareev, M. Nasibulin, V. Drobyshev, M. Kravtsova, P. A. Lykianov, and M. Krylova, “Study of the superconducting layer microstructure and structure (Nb,Ti,Ta) ₃Sn bronze trands properties,” IOP Conf. Ser.: J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1293, 012040 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1293/1/012040

51.

M. B. Field, Y. Zhang, H. Miao, M. Gerace, and J. A. Parrell, “Optimizing Nb ₃Sn conductors for high field applications,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 24 (3), 6001105 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2013.2285314 CrossRef

52.

X. Wu, X. Peng, M. D. Sumption, M. Tomsic, E. Gregory, and E. W. Collings, “Ti and Sn diffusion and its influence on phase formation in internal-tin Nb ₃Sn superconductor strands,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15 (2), 3399–3402 (2005). CrossRef

53.

S. M. Heald, Ch. Tarantini, P. J. Lee, M. D. Brown, ZuH. Sung, A. K. Ghosh, and D. C. Larbalestier, “Evidence from EXAFS for different Ta/Ti site occupancy in high critical current density Nb ₃Sn superconductor wires,” Sci. Rep. 8, 4798 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22924-3 CrossRef

54.

N. Banno, Y. Miyamoto, and K. Tachikawa, “Multifilamentary Nb ₃Sn wires fabricated through internal diffusion process using brass matrix,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 26 (3), 6001504 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2016.2531123 CrossRef

55.

N. Banno, Y. Miyamoto, Zh. Yu, T. Morita, Ts. Yagai, Sh. Nimori, and K. Tachikawa, “Effects of element addition into Cu matrix for IT-processed Nb ₃Sn wires,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 28 (4), 6000905 (2018). CrossRef

56.

T. Spina, A. Ballarino, L. Bottura, Ch. Scheuerlein, and R. Flukiger, “Artificial pinning in Nb ₃Sn wires,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 27 (4), 8001205 (2017). CrossRef

57.

D. R. Dietderich, M. Kelman, J. R. Litty, and R. M. Scanlan, “High critical current densities in Nb ₃Sn films with engineered microstructures – artificial pinning microstructures,” ICMC '97 (Portland, 1997).

58.

L. E. Rumaner, M. G. Benz, and E. L. Hall, “The role of oxygen and zirconium in the formation and growth of Nb ₃Sn grains,” Metall. Mater. Trans. A 25, 213–219 (1994). CrossRef

59.

B. A. Zeitlin, E. Gregory, J. Marte, M. Benz, T. Pyon, R. Scanlan, and D. Dietderich, “Results on mono element internal tin Nb ₃Sn conductors (MEIT) with Nb _7.5Ta and Nb(1Zr + Ox) filaments,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15 (2), 3393–3368 (2005). CrossRef

60.

X. Xu, M. D. Sumption, and X. Peng, “Internally oxidized Nb ₃Sn strands with fine grain size and high critical current density,” Adv. Mater. 27, 1346–1350 (2015). CrossRef

61.

X. Xu, X. Peng, and M. Sumption, Patent No. WO/2015/175064 (US2015/016431) (2015).

62.

X. Xu, X. Peng, M. Sumption, and E. W. Collings, “Recent progress in application of internal oxidation technique in Nb ₃Sn strands,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 27 (4), 6000105 (2015).

63.

I. M. Abdyukhanov, A. S. Tsapleva, N. V. Konovalova, P. A. Luk’yanov, I. I. Savel’ev, M. V. Alekseev, and D. S. Novosilova, “Influence of zirconium doping on microstructure of the superconducting layer and electro-physical properties of Nb ₃Sn superconductors,” Vopr. Atomn. Nauki Tekhniki. Materialoved. Nov. Mater. No. 1, 12–21 (2020).

64.

X. Xu, J. Rochester, X. Peng, M. Sumption, and M. Tomsic, “Ternary Nb ₃Sn superconductors with artificial pinning centers and high upper critical fields,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32, 02LT01 (2019).

65.

Sh. Balachandran, Ch. Tarantini, P. J. Lee, and F. Kametani, Y-F. Su, B. Walker, W. L. Starch, and D. C. Larbalestier, “Beneficial influence of Hf and Zr additions to Nb 4 at % Ta on the vortex pinning of Nb ₃Sn with and without an O source,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32 (4), 044006 (2019). CrossRef

66.

V. A. Al’tov, “Nb ₃Sn multifilamentary wires and tapes for high-field magnetic systems,” Adv. Cryogen. Eng. 42, 521–1487 (1997).

67.

N. I. Kozlenkova, I. I. Akimov, D. N. Rakov, and A. K. Shikov, “Multifilamentary conductors based on Bi-2212 HTS-compound,” Proc. Int. Conf. Magnet Technology (MT-15) (Science Press, 1998), pp. 1064–1066.

68.

A. K. Shikov, D. B. Gusakov, D. N. Rakov, V. A. Vargin, I. I. Akimov, E. V. Kotova, M. I. Medvedev, and V. S. Kruglov, “The influence of processing conditions on the structure and critical properties of Bi-2223 composite tapes,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15 (2), 2466–2469 (2005). CrossRef

69.

T. P. Krinitsina, E. I. Kuznetsova, D. V. Surnin, Yu. V. Blinova, S. V. Sudareva, E. P. Romanov, D. N. Rakov, and Yu. N. Belotelova, “Structure and critical currents of multiple-filament composite superconductors Bi,Pb-2223/Ag,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 110, 42–51 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X10070069 CrossRef

70.

A. S. Nikiforov, A. D. Nikulin, V. Ya. Fil’kin, N. V. Shishkov, I. I. Davydov, A. K. Shikov, E. V. Antipova, N. A. Chernoplekov, and E. Yu. Klimenko “ Composite conductors based on superconducting compounds La–sr–Cu–O and Y–Ba–Cu–O, “Atomnaya Energiya 62, 421–422 (1987).

71.

A. Goyal, M. P. Paranthaman, and U. Schoop, “The RABiTS approach: Using rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates for high-performance YBCO superconductors,” MRS Bull. 29 (8), 552–561 (2004). CrossRef

72.

M. W. Rupich, X. Li, S. Sathyamurthy, C. L. H. Thieme, K. DeMoranville, J. Gannon, and S. Fleshler, “Second generation wire development at AMSC,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 23 (3), 6601205 (2013). CrossRef

73.

V. Selvamanickam, Y. Xie, J. Reeves, and Y. Chen, “MOCVD-based YBCO-coated conductors,” MRS Bull. 29, 579–582 (2004). CrossRef

74.

N. Kashima, T. Niwa, S. Nagaya, K. Onabe, T. Saito, T. Muroga, S. Miyata, T. Watanabe, and Y. Yamada, “Long tape processing for coated conductors by multiple-stage CVD method,” Phys. C 412– 414, Part 2, 944–947 (2004). CrossRef

75.

Y. Ma, “Present status of development of superconducting materials in China,” Supercond. News Forum (SNF), No. 39 (2017).

76.

A. Usoskin, A. Freyhardt, and C. Herbert, “YBCO-coated conductors manufactured by high-rate pulsed laser deposition,” MRS Bull. 29 (8), 583–589 (2004). CrossRef

77.

https://www.fujikura.co.jp/eng/products/newbusiness/ superconductors/01/superconductor.pdf.

78.

S. Hahakura, K. Fujino, M. Konishi, and K. Ohmatsu, “Development of HoBCO coated conductor by PLD method,” Phys. C 412– 414, 931–936 (2004). CrossRef

79.

L. Jae-Hun, K. Jaemin, L. Hunju, and M. Seung-Hyun RCE-DR, “A novel process for coated conductor fabrication with high performance,” Proc. Conf. “The workshop on Advanced Superconducting Materials and Magnets”, 044018 (2019).

80.

https://www.suptech.com/superconducting-wire/.

81.

https://www.theva.com/products/#pro-line.

82.

A. Molodyk, S. Samoilenkov, A. Markelov, P. Degtyarenko, S. Lee, V. Petrykin, M. Gaifullin, A. Mankevich, A. Vavilov, B. Sorbom, J. Cheng, S. Garberg, L. Kesler, Z. Hartwing, S. Gavrilkin, A. Tsvetkov, T. Okada, S. Awaji, D. Abraimov, A. Francis, G. Bradford, D. Larbalestier, C. Senatore, M. Bonura, A. E. Pantoja, S. C. Wimbush, N. M. Strickland, and A. Vasiliev, “Development and large volume production of extremely high current density YBa ₂Cu ₃O ₇ superconducting wires for fusion,” Sci. Rep. 11, 2084 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81559-z

83.

W. Hirata, Sh. Muto, Yu. Adachi, T. Yoshida, S. Fujita, K. Kakimoto, Y. Iijima, M. Daibo, and S. Awaji, “Artificial pinning centers-doped RE-based coated conductors,” Fujikura Tech. Rev., 23–28 (2019).

84.

Y. Zhang, S. Yamano, and D. Hazelton, “Fukushima Toru REBCO HTS wire manufacturing and continuous development at SuperPower,” IAS-HEP Mini-Workshop on High Temperature Superconducting Materials and Magnets (Hong Kong, 2018).

85.

S. Nariki, S. J. Seo, N. Sakai, and M. Murakami, “Influence of the size of Gd211 starting powder on the critical current density of Gd–Ba–Cu–O bulk superconductor,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 13, 778–784 (2000). CrossRef

86.

S. Nariki, N. Sakai, and M. Murakami, “Preparation and properties of OCMG-processed Gd–Ba–Cu–O bulk superconductors with very fine Gd211 particles,” Phys. C 357–360, Part 1, 811–813 (2001). CrossRef

87.

I. B. Bobylev, N. A. Zyuzeva, E. I. Kuznetsova, T. P. Krinitsina, S. V. Sudareva, and E. P. Romanov, “Effect of doping and substitution on the low-temperature decomposition of oxygen-nonstoichiometric Ba ₂YCu ₃O _{7 – d},” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 108, 59–66 (2009). CrossRef

88.

K. Yokoyama, R. Igarashi, R. Togasaki, and T. Oka, “Improvement of the trapped field performance of a holed superconducting bulk magnet,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 25 (3), 6800804 (2015). CrossRef

89.

D. Zhou, M. Izumi, T. Fujimoto, Y. Zhang, W. L. Zhou, and K. Xu, “Introducing nanosized pinning centers Into Bulk Gd–Ba–Cu–O by infiltration method,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 25 (3), 6800204 (2015). CrossRef

90.

V. Hardy, A. Wahl, S. Hébert, A. Ruyter, J. Provost, D. Groult, and Ch. Simon, “Accommodation of vortices to tilted line defects in high-Tc superconductors with various electronic anisotropies,” Phys. Rev. B 54, 656–664 (1996). CrossRef

91.

M. Sparing, E. Backen, T. Freudenberg, R. Huhne, B. Rellinghaus, L. Schultz, and B. Holzapfel, “Artificial pinning centres in YBCO thin films induced by substrate decoration with gas-phase-prepared Y ₂O ₃ nanoparticles,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 20, S239 (2007).

92.

F. J. Baca, D. Fisher, R. L. S. Emergo, and J. Z. Wu, “Pore formation and increased critical current density in YBa ₂Cu ₃O _x films deposited on a substrate surface modulated by Y ₂O ₃ nanoparticles,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 20, 554 (2007).

93.

T. Haugan, P. N. Barnes, R. Wheeler, F. Meisenkothen, and M. Sumption, “Addition of nanoparticle dispersions to enhance flux pinning of YBa ₂Cu ₃O _{7 – x} superconductors,” Nature 430, 867–870 (2004). CrossRef

94.

T. Aytug, M. Paranthaman, A. A. Gapud, S. Kang, H. M. Christen, K. J. Leonard, P. M. Martin, J. R. Thompson, D. K. Christen, R. Meng, I. Rusakova, C. W. Chu, and T. Johansen, “Enhancement of flux pinning and critical currents in YBa ₂Cu ₃O _{7 – δ} films by nanoscale iridium pretreatment of substrate surfaces,” J. Appl. Phys. 98, 114309 (2005).

95.

P. Mikheenko, A. Sarkar, V.-S. Dang, J. L. Tanner, J. S. Abell, and A. Crisan, “c-Axis correlated extended defects and critical current in YBa ₂Cu ₃O _x films grown on Au and Ag-nano dot decorated substrates,” Phys. C 469, 798 (2009). CrossRef

96.

T. Aytug, M. Paranthaman, K. J. Leonard, K. Kim, A. O. Ijadoula, Y. Zhang, E. Tuncer, J. R. Thompson, and D. K. Christen, “Enhanced flux pinning and critical currents in YBa ₂Cu ₃O _{7 – δ} films by nanoparticle surface decoration: Extension to coated conductor templates,” J. Appl. Phys. 104, 043906 (2008). CrossRef

97.

K. Yamada, M. Mukaida, H. Kai, R. Teranishi, A. Ichinose, R. Kita, S. Kato, S. Horii, Y. Yoshida, K. Matsumoto, and S. Toh, “Transmission electron microscopy characterization of nanorods in BaNb ₂O ₆-doped ErBa ₂Cu ₃O _{7 – δ} films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 112503 (2008). CrossRef

98.

J. L. MacManus Driscoll, S. R. Foltyn, Q. X. Jia, H. Wang, A. Serquis, L. Civale, B. Maiorov, M. E. Hawley, M. Maley, and D. E. Peterson, “Strongly enhanced current densities in superconducting coated conductors of YBa ₂Cu ₃O _{7 – x} + BaZrO ₃,” Nat. Mater., No. 3, 439–443 (2004).

99.

A. Goyal, S. Kang, KJ. Leonard, P. M. Martin, A. A. Gapud, M. Varela, M. Paranthaman, A. O. Ijaduola, E. D. Specht, J. R. Thompson, D. K. Christen, S. J. Pennycook, and F. A. List, “Irradiation-free, columnar defects comprised of self-assembled nanodots and nanorods resulting in strongly enhanced flux-pinning in YBa ₂Cu ₃O _{7 – δ} films,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 18, 1533–1538 (2005).

100.

Y. Yamada, K. Takahashi, H. Kobayashi, M. Konishi, T. Watanabe, A. Ibi, T. Muroga, and S. Miyata, “Epitaxial nanostructure and defects effective for pinning in Y(RE)Ba ₂Cu ₃O _{7 – x} coated conductors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 132502 (2005). CrossRef

101.

S. Kang, A. Goyal, J. Li, A. Gapud, P. Martin, L. Heatherly, J. Thompson, D. Christen, F. List, M. Paranthaman, and D. Lee, “High-performance high-Tc superconducting wires,” Science 311, 1911–1914 (2006). CrossRef

102.

K. Traito, M. Peurla, H. Huhtinen, Yu. P. Stepanov, M. Safonchik, Y. Y. Tse, P. Paturi, and R. Laiho, “Magnetic field dependence of the critical current and the flux pinning mechanism in YBa ₂Cu ₃O _{6 + x} films doped with BaZrO ₃,” Phys. Rev. B 73, 224522 (2006). CrossRef

103.

P. Mele, K. Matsumoto, T. Horide, A. Ichinose, M. Mukaida, Y. Yoshida, S. Horii, and R. Kita, “Incorporation of double artificial pinning centers in YBa ₂Cu ₃O _{7 – δ} films,” Phys. C 468, 1631–1634 (2008). CrossRef

104.

M. Peurla, H. Huhtinen, M. A. Shakhov, K. Traito, Yu. P. Stepanov, M. Safonchik, P. Paturi, Y. Y. Tse, R. Palai, and R. Laiho, “Effects of nanocrystalline target and columnar defects on flux pinning in pure and BaZrO ₃-doped YBa ₂Cu ₃O _{6 + x} films in fields up to 30 T,” Phys. Rev. B 75, 184524 (2007). CrossRef

105.

P. Paturi, M. Irjala, and H. Huhtinen, “Greatly decreased critical current density anisotropy in YBa ₂Cu ₃O _{6 + x} thin films ablated from nanocrystalline and BaZrO ₃-doped nanocrystalline targets,” J. Appl. Phys. 103, 123907 (2008).

106.

S. H. Wee, A. Goyal, Y. L. Zuev, and C. Cantoni, “High performance superconducting wire in high applied magnetic fields via nanoscale defect engineering,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 21, 092001 (2008). CrossRef

107.

M. Safonchik, K. Traito, S. Tuominen, P. Paturi, H. Huhtinen, and R. Laiho, “Magnetic field dependence of the optimal BaZrO ₃ concentration in nanostructured YBa ₂Cu ₃O _{7 – δ} films,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 22, 065006 (2009). CrossRef

108.

F. J. Baca, P. N. Barnes, R. L. S. Emergo, T. J. Haugan, J. N. Reichart, and J. Z. Wu, “Control of BaZrO ₃ nanorod alignment in YBa ₂Cu ₃O _7 − x thin films by microstructural modulation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 102512 (2009). CrossRef

109.

B. Maiorov, S. A. Baily, H. Zhou, O. Ugurlu, J. A. Kennison, P. C. Dowden, T. G. Holesinger, S. R. Foltyn, and L. Civale, “Synergetic combination of different types of defect to optimize pinning landscape using BaZrO ₃-doped YBa ₂Cu ₃O ₇,” Nat. Mater., No. 8, 398–404 (2009).

110.

Y. Chen, V. Selvamanickam, Y. Zhang, Y. Zuev, C. Cantoni, E. Specht, M. Parans Paranthaman, T. Aytug, A. Goyal, and D. Lee, “Enhanced flux pinning by BaZrO ₃ and (Gd,Y) ₂O ₃ nanostructures in metal organic chemical vapor deposited GdYBCO high temperature superconductor tapes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 062513 (2009). CrossRef

111.

H. Tobita, K. Notoh, K. Higashikawa, M. Inoue, T. Kiss, T. Kato, T. Hirayama, M. Yoshizumi, T. Izumi, and Y. Shiohara, “Fabrication of BaHfO ₃ doped Gd ₁Ba ₂Cu ₃O _{7 – δ} coated conductors with the high Ic of 85 A/cm-w under 3 T at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K),” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25, 062002 (2012). CrossRef

112.

K. Matsumoto and P. Mele, “Artificial pinning center technology to enhance vortex pinning in YBCO coated conductors,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 23, 014001 (2010). CrossRef

113.

V. Selvamanickam, “Progress in development of high-performance REBCO tapes and wires,” IEEE/CSC & ESAS superconductivity news forum (global edition) (2019). Invited presentation 1-MO-CS-01I.

114.

V. Selvamanickam, Y. Chen, X. Xiong, Y. Y. Xie, J. L. Recent, X. Zhang, Y. Qiao, K. P. Lenseth, R. M. Schmidt, A. Rar, D. W. Hazelton, and K. Tekletsadik, “Progress in second-generation HTS conductor scale-up at SuperPower,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17 (2), 3231–3234 (2007). CrossRef

115.

https://www.s-innovations.ru/vtsp-provod/.

116.

S. H. Moon, “Coated conductors by RCE-DR: Process details and scale-up issue,” Proc. “Coated ions Workshop 2018” (2018).

117.

J.-H. Lee, H. Lee, J.-W. Lee, S.-M. Choi, S.-I. Yoo, and S.-H. Moon, “RCE-DR, a novel process for coated conductor fabrication with high performance,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 27 (4), 6603204 (2017).

118.

J. L. MacManus-Driscoll, M. Bianchetti, A. Kursumovic, G. Kim, W. Jo, H. Wang, J. H. Lee, G. W. Hong, and S. H. Moon, “Strong pinning in very fast grown reactive co-evaporated GdBa ₂Cu ₃O ₇ coated conductors,” APL Mater. 2, 086103 (2014). CrossRef

119.

T. Yoshida, A. Ibi, T. Takahashi, M. Yoshizumi, T. Izumi, and Y. Shiohara, “Fabrication of Eu ₁Ba ₂Cu ₃O _{7 – δ} + BaHfO ₃ coated conductors with 141 A/cm-w under 3 T at 77 K using the IBAD/PLD process,” Phys. C 504, 42–46 (2014). CrossRef

120.

A. Ballarino and R. Flükiger, “Status of MgB ₂ wire and cable applications in Europe,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 871 (1), 012098 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/871/1/012098 CrossRef

121.

B. Birajdar, V. Braccini, A. Tumino, T. Wenzel, O. Eibl, and G. Grasso, “MgB ₂ multifilamentary tapes: microstructrure, chemical composition and supercoconducting properties,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 19, 916 (2006). CrossRef

122.

S. Oha, J. H. Kim, Ch. Lee, H. Choi, C-J. Kim, S. X. Dou, M. Rindfleisch, and M. Tomsic, “Field, temperature and strain dependence of the critical current for multi-filamentary MgB ₂ wire,” Phys. C 468, 1821–1824 (2008). CrossRef

123.

P. Alknes, M. Hagner, R. Bjoerstad, and C. Scheuerlein, “Mechanical properties and strain induced filament degradation of ex situ and in situ MgB ₂ wires,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 26, 8401205 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2015.2509166 CrossRef

124.

L. Saglietti, E. Perini, G. Ripamonti, E. Bassani, G. Carcano, G. Giunchi, “Boron purity effects on structural properties of the MgB ₂ obtained by Mg-reactive liquid infiltration,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19 (3), 2739–2743 (2009). CrossRef

125.

X. Xu, J. H. Kim, W. Yeoh, Y. Zhang, S. X. Dou, “Improved J _c of MgB ₂ superconductor by ball milling using different media,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 19 (11), 47–50 (2006). CrossRef

126.

J. H. Kim, S. Oh, H. Kumakura, A. Matsumoto, H. Yoon-Uk, S. Kyeongse, K. Yong Mook, M. Maeda, M. Rindfleisch, M. Tomsic, C. Seyong, and S. Dou, “Tailored materials for high-performance MgB ₂ wire,” Adv. Mater. 23, 4942–4946 (2011). CrossRef

127.

J. V. Marzik, R. J. Suplinskas, R. H. T. Wike, P. Canfield, D. Finnemore, M. Rindfleisch, J. Margolies, and S. Hannahs, “Plasma synthesized doped B powders for MgB ₂ superconductors,” Phys. C 423, 83–88 (2005). CrossRef

128.

D. Xu, D. Wang, C. Yao, X. Zhang, Y. Ma, H. Oguro, S. Awaji, and K. Watanabe, “Fabrication and superconducting properties of internal Mg diffusion processed MgB ₂ wires using MgB ₄ precursors,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 29, 105019 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/29/10/105019 CrossRef

129.

D. Matera, M. Bonura, E. Giannini, and C. Senatore, “Electrical connectivity in MgB ₂: the role of precursors and processing routes in controlling voids and detrimental secondary phases,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 27 (4), 6200806 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2017.2654545 CrossRef

130.

H. Fujii, S. Itoh, K. Ozawa, and H. Kitaguchi, “Improved critical current density in ex- situ processed carbon-substituted MgB ₂ tapes by Mg-addition,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 23 (3), 6200405 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2012.2234194 CrossRef

131.

M. Vignolo, G. Bovone, C. Bernini, S. Kawale, A. Palenzona, G. Romano, and A. Siri, “High temperature heat treatment on boron precursor and PIT process optimization to improve the Jc performance of MgB ₂-based conductors,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 26, 105022 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/26/10/105022 CrossRef

132.

A. Malagoli, V. Braccini, M. Tropeano, M. Vignolo, C. Bernini, C. Fanciulli, G. Romano, M. Putti, C. Ferdeghini, E. Mossang, A. Polyanskii, and D. C. Larbalestier, “Effect of grain refinement on enhancing critical current density and upper critical field in undoped MgB ₂ ex-situ tapes,” J. Appl. Phys. 104, 103908 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3021468 CrossRef

133.

C. Wang, Y. Ma, X. Zhang, D. Wang, Z. Gao, C. Yao, C. Wang, H. Oguro, S. Awaji, and K. Watanabe, “Effect of high-energy ball milling time on superconducting properties of MgB ₂ with low purity boron powder,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25, 035018 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/25/3/035018 CrossRef

134.

J. Ma, A. Sun, G. Wei, L. Zheng, G. Yang, and X. Zhang, “Al-doping effects on the structural change of MgB ₂,” J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 23, 187–191 (2010). CrossRef

135.

X. F. Rui, J. Chen, X. Chen, W. Guo, and H. Zhang, “Doping effect of nano-alumina on MgB ₂,” Phys. C 412– 414 (1), 312–315 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2004.02.189 CrossRef

136.

J. Karpinski, N. D. Zhigadlo, G. Schuck, S. M. Kazakov, B. Batlogg, K. Rogacki, R. Puzniak, J. Jun, E. Muller, P. Wagli, R. Gonnelli, D. Daghero, G. A. Ummarino, and V. A. Stepanov, “Al substitution in MgB ₂ crystals: Influence on superconducting and structural properties,” Phys. Rev. B 71, 174506 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.71.174506 CrossRef

137.

M. R. Cimberle, M. Novak, P. Manfrinetti, and A. Palenzona, “Magnetic characterization of sintered MgB ₂ samples: effect of substitution or “doping” with Li, Al and Si,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 15, 43–47 (2002). CrossRef

138.

M. Kuhberger and G. Gritzner, “Effects of Sn, Co and Fe on MgB,” Phys. C 370, 39–43 (2002). CrossRef

139.

C. Kea, C. H. Chengb, Y. Yanga, Y. Zhang, W. T. Wang, and Y. Zhao, “Flux pinning behavior of MgB ₂ doped with Fe and Fe ₂O ₃ nanowires,” Phys. Proc. 27, 40–43 (2012). CrossRef

140.

D. Wang, Z. Gao, X. Zhang, C. Yao, C. Wang, S. Zhang, Y. Ma, S. Awaji, and K. Watanabe, “Enhanced J _c–B properties of MgB ₂ tapes by yttrium acetate doping,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 24, 075002 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/24/7/075002 CrossRef

141.

J. Dyson, D. Rinaldi, G. Barucca, G. Albertini, S. Sprio, and A. Tampieri, “Flux pinning in Y- and Ag-doped MgB ₂,” Adv. Mater. Phys. Chem. 5, 426–438 (2015). CrossRef

142.

D. Batalu, Gh. Aldica, M. Burdusel, and P. Badica, “Short review on rare earth and metalloid oxide additions to MgB ₂ as a candidate superconducting material for medical applications,” Key Eng. Mater. 638, 357–362 (2015). CrossRef

143.

A. Agostino, M. Panetta, P. Volpe, M. Truccato, S. Cagliero, L. Gozzelino, R. Gerbaldo, G. Ghigo, F. Laviano, G. Lopardo, and B. Minetti, “Na substitution effects on MgB ₂ synthesized with a microwave-assisted technique,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17 (2), 2774–2777 (2007). CrossRef

144.

M. Muralidhar, M. Higuchi, P. Diko, M. Jirsa, and M. Murakami, “Record critical current density in bulk MgB ₂ using carbon-coated amorphous boron with optimum sintering conditions,” IOP Conf. Series: J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 871, 012056 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/871/1/012056

145.

W. X. Li, Y. Li, M. Y. Zhu, R. Chen, X. Xu, W. Yeoh, J. Kim, and S. Dou, “Benzoic acid doping to enhance electromagnetic properties of MgB ₂ superconductors,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17 (2), 2778–2781 (2007). CrossRef

146.

X. Zhang, Y. Ma, Zh. Gao, D. Wang, S. Awaji, G. Nishijima, and K. Watanabe, “Effect of nano-C doping on the critical current density and flux pinning of MgB ₂ tapes,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17 (2), 2915–2918 (2007). CrossRef

147.

J. H. Lim, C. M. Lee, K. Won Seog, J. Joo, J. Seung-Boo, L. Young Hee, and K. Chan-Joong, “Fabrication and characterization of the MgB ₂ bulk superconductors doped by carbon nanotubes,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19 (3), 2767–2770 (2009). CrossRef

148.

J. H. Kim, W. K. Yeoh, X. Xu, D. Shi, and S. Dou, “Improvement of upper critical field and critical current density in single walled CNT doped MgB ₂Fe wires,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17 (2), 2907–2910 (2007). CrossRef

149.

K. S. B. De Silva, X. Xu, W. X. Li, Y. Zhang, M. Rindfleisch, and M. Tomsic, “Improving superconducting properties of MgB ₂ by graphene doping,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 21 (3), 2686–2689 (2011). CrossRef

150.

J. M. Parakkandy, M. Shahabuddin, M. Sh. Shah, N. Alzayed, S. A. S. Qaid, N. A. Madhar, S. Ramay, and M. A. Shar, “Effects of glucose doping on the MgB ₂ superconductors using cheap crystalline boron,” Phys. C 519, 137–141 (2015). CrossRef

151.

H. Ağıl, E. Aksu, and G. Ali, “Role of aniline addition in structural and superconducting properties of MgB ₂ bulk superconductor,” J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 30, 2735–2740 (2017). CrossRef

152.

S. Okur, M. Kalkanci, M. Yavas, M. Egilmez, L. Ozyuzer, “Microstructural and electrical characterization of Ti and Mg doped Cu-clad MgB ₂ superconducting wires,” J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. 7, 411–414 (2005).

153.

Y. Yamada, M. Nakatsuka, and Y. Kato, “Superconducting properties of in situ PIT MgB ₂ tapes with different ceramic powder,” International cryogenic materials conference—ICMC (2006), pp. 631–638.

154.

S. X. Dou, J. Horvat, S. Soltanian, X. L. Wang, M. Qin, Z. Shifang, H. Liu, and P. Munroe, “Transport critical current density in Fe-sheathed nano-SiC doped MgB ₂ wires,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 13, 3199–3202 (2002). CrossRef

155.

J.-C. Grivel, A. Pitillas, S. Namazkar, A. Alexiou, and O. J. Holte, “Preparation and characterization of MgB ₂ with Pd, Pt and Re doping,” Phys. C 520, 37–41 (2016). CrossRef

156.

S. M. Hwang, K. Sung, J. H. Choi, W. Kim, J. Joo, J. Lim, C. Kim, Y. S. Park, and D. Kim, “O-free polyacrylonitrile doping to improve the J _c(B) and H _c2 of MgB ₂ wires,” Phys. C 470 (20), 1430–1434 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2010.05.130 CrossRef

157.

C. R. M. Grovenor, L. Goodsir, C. J. Salter, P. Kováč, and I. Hušek, “Interfacial reactions and oxygen distribution in MgB ₂ wires in Fe, stainless steel and Nb sheaths,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 17, 479–484 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/17/3/030 CrossRef

158.

P. Kovac, I. Husek, T. Melisek, M. Kulich, and V. Štrbík, “MgB ₂ composite wires with Fe, Nb and Ta sheaths,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 19, 600 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/19/6/031 CrossRef

159.

T. Holubek, M. Dhalle, and P. Kovac, “Current transfer in MgB ₂ wires with different sheath materials,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 20, 123 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/20/3/002 CrossRef

160.

H. Fujii, H. Kumakura, and K. Togano, “Influence of MgB ₂ powder quality on the transport properties of Cu-sheathed MgB ₂ tapes,” Phys. C 363, 237–242 (2001). CrossRef

161.

P. Kováč, I. Hušek, T. Melišek, and T. Holubek, “Properties of stabilized MgB ₂ composite wire with Ti barrier,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 20 (8), 771–776 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/20/8/008 CrossRef

162.

S. Jln, H. Mavoorl, and C. Bover, “High critical currents in iron-clad superconducting MgB ₂ wires,” Nature 411, 563–562 (2001). CrossRef

163.

I. Hušek, P. Kováč, T. Melišek, and L. Kopera, “Thermally stabilized MgB ₂ composite wires with different barriers,” Cryogenics 51, 550–554 (2011). CrossRef

164.

L. Kopera, P. Kováč, and I. Hušek, “Calculated and measured normal state resistivity of 19-filament MgB ₂/Ti/Cu/stainless steel wire,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25, 025021 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/25/2/025021 CrossRef

165.

P. Kováč, T. Melišek, I. Hušek, L. Kopera, and M. Reissner, “Cu stabilized MgB ₂ composite wire with an NbTi barrier,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 23 (4), 025014 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/23/2/025014 CrossRef

166.

S. I. Schlachter, A. Frank, B. Ringsdorf, H. Orschulko, B. Obst, B. Liu, and W. Goldacker, “Suitability of sheath materials for MgB ₂ powder-in-tube superconductors,” Phys. C 445– 448 (1), 777–783 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2006.05.021 CrossRef

167.

E. I. Kuznetsova, S. V. Sudareva, T. P. Krinitsina, Yu. V. Blinova, E. P. Romanov, Yu. N. Akshentsev, M. V. Degtyarev, M. A. Tikhonovskii, and I. F. Kislyak, “Mechanism of the formation and specific features of the structure of massive samples of compound MgB ₂,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 115 (2), 175–185 (2014). CrossRef

168.

T. P. Krinitsina, E. I. Kuznetsova, Yu. V. Blinova, D. N. Rakov, Yu. N. Belotelova, S. V. Sudareva, M. V. Degtyarev, and E. P. Romanov, “Structure and stability of superconducting core of single-core MgB ₂/Cu,Nb tube composite with a high critical current,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 115 (6), 538–546 (2014). CrossRef

169.

I. M. Abdyukhanov, A. S. Tsapleva, M. V. Alekseev, and E. A. Zubok, “Heat treatment of MgB ₂ superconductors with different metal sheaths,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 28 (3), 6200504 (2018). CrossRef

170.

I. M. Abdyukhanov, A. S. Tsapleva, A. V. Borisov, O. A. Krymskaya, M. G. Isaenkova, and D. K. Figu-rovskii, “Effect of synthesis conditions on the structure and phase composition of magnesium diboride,” Inorg. Mater.: Appl. Res. 10, 162–167 (2019). CrossRef

171.

I. Abduykhanov, A. Tsapleva, K. Bazaleeva, P. Lykya-nov, M. Alekseev, and A. Potanin, “Microstructure and properties MgB ₂ superconductors after heat treatment,” IOP Conf. Series: J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1134, 012062 (2018).

172.

Y. Kamihara, T. Watanabe, M. Hirano, and H. Hosono, “Iron-based layered superconductor La[O _{1 – x}F _x]FeAs ( x = 0.05–0.12) with Tc = 26 K,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (11), 3296-7 (2008). CrossRef

173.

C. W. Chu, F. Chen, M. Gooch, A. M. Guloy, B. Lv, B. Lorenz, K. Sasmal, Z. J. Tang, J. H. Tapp, and Y. Y. Xue, “The synthesis and characterization of LiFeAs and NaFeAs,” Phys. C 469 (9–12), 326–331 (2009). CrossRef

174.

Z. Deng, X. C. Wang, Q. Q. Liu, S. J. Zhang, Y. X. Lv, J. L. Zhu, R. C. Yu, and C. Q. Jin, “A new “111” type iron pnictide superconductor LiFeP,” Europhys. Lett. 87 (3), 37004 (2009). CrossRef

175.

G. Just and P. Paufler, “On the coordination of ThCr ₂Si ₂ (BaAl ₄)-type compounds within the field of free parameters,” J. Alloys Compd. 232 (1–2), 1–25 (1996). CrossRef

176.

E. Dagotto, “Colloquium: the unexpected properties of alkali metal iron selenide superconductors,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 (2), 849 (2013). CrossRef

177.

P. Cheng, B. Shen, G. Mu, X. Y. Zhu, F. Han, B. Zeng, and H. H. Wen, “High T _c superconductivity induced by doping rare-earth elements into CaFeAsF,” Europhys. Lett. 85 (6), 67003 (2009). CrossRef

178.

A. Iyo, K. Kawashima, T. Kinjo, T. Nishio, S. Ishida, H. Fujihisa, Y. Gotoh, K. Kihou, H. Eisaki, and Y. Yoshida, “New-Structure-type Fe-based superconductors: CaAFe ₄As ₄ (A = K, Rb, Cs) and SrAFe ₄As ₄ (A = Rb, Cs),” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 (10), 3410–3415 (2016). CrossRef

179.

M. V. Roslova, Doctoral Dissertation (Moscow, 2014).

180.

Ch. Yao and Y. Ma, “Recent breakthrough development in iron-based superconducting wires for practical applications,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32, 023002 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aaf351 CrossRef

181.

Zh. Gao, L. Wang, Y. Qi, D. Wang, X. Zhang, and Y. Ma, “Preparation of LaFeAsO _0.9F _0.1 wires by the powder-in-tube method,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 21, 105024 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/21/10/105024 CrossRef

182.

D. Contarino, C. Lohnert, D. Johrendt, A. Genovese, C. Bernini, A. Malagoli, and M. Putti, “Development and characterization of P-doped Ba-122 superconducting tapes,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 27 (4), 7300504 (2017). CrossRef

183.

X. Zhang, L. Wang, Y. Qi, D. Wang, Zh. Gao, Zh. Zhang, and Y. Ma, “Effect of sheath materials on the microstructure and superconducting properties of SmO _0.7F _0.3FeAs wires,” Phys. C 470, 104–108 (2010). CrossRef

184.

Y. Ma, Zh. Gao, Y. Qi, X. Zhang, L. Wang, Zh. Zhang, and D. Wang, “Fabrication and characterization of iron pnictide wires and bulk materials through the powder-in-tube method,” Phys. C 469, 651–656 (2009). CrossRef

185.

Y. Ma, Wang. Lei, Y. Qi, Zh. Gao, D. Wang, and X. Zhang, “Development of powder-in-tube processed iron pnictide wires and tapes,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 21 (3), 2878–2881 (2011). CrossRef

186.

Zh. Cheng, Sh. Liu, Ch. Dong, He. Huang, L. Li, Y. Zhu, S. Awaji, and Y. Ma, “Effects of core density and impurities on the critical current density of CaKFe ₄As ₄ superconducting tapes,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32 (10), 105014 (2019 ). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab3a87 CrossRef

187.

H. Huang, Ch. Yao, Ch. Dong, X. Zhang, D. Wang, Z. Cheng, J. Li, S. Awaji, H. Wen, and Y. Ma, “High transport current superconductivity in powder-in-tube Ba _0.6K _0.4Fe ₂As ₂ tapes at 27 T,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 31, 015017 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aa9912 CrossRef

188.

Ch. Yao, Y. Ma, X. Zhang, D. Wang, Ch. Wang, Lin. He, and Q. Zhang, “Fabrication and transport properties of Sr _0.6K _0.4Fe ₂As ₂ multifilamentary superconducting wires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 082602 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4794059 CrossRef

189.

Q. Dong, B. Tian, W. Hong, Y. Ma, and Y. Xin, “Critical currents of 100-m class Ag-sheathed Sr _0.6K _0.4Fe ₂As ₂ tape under various temperatures,” Magn. Fields, and Angles, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 29 (5), 7300705 (2019). CrossRef

190.

Ch. Yao, H. Lin, Q. Zhang, X. Zhang, D. Wang, Ch. Dong, Y. Ma, S. Awaji, and K. Watanabe, “Critical current density and microstructure of iron sheathed multifilamentary Sr _{1 – x}K _xFe ₂As ₂/Ag composite conductors,” J. Appl. Phys. 118, 203909 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4936370

191.

A. Malagoli, E. Wiesenmayer, S. Marchner, D. Johrendt, A. Genovese, and M. Putti, “Role of heat and mechanical treatments in the fabrication of superconducting Ba _0.6K _0.4Fe ₂As ₂ ex-situ powder-in-tube tapes,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 28, 095015 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/28/9/095015 CrossRef

192.

G. Xu, X. Zhang, Ch. Yao, H. Huang, Y. Zhu, L. Li, Zh. Cheng, Sh. Liu, Sh. Huang, and Y. Ma, “Effects of different directional rolling on the fabrication of 7-flament Ba _{1 – x}K _xFe ₂As ₂ tapes,” Phys. C 561, 30–34 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2019.03.004 CrossRef

193.

S. Pyon, T. Suwa, A. Park, H. Kajitani, N. Koizumi, Y. Tsuchiya, S. Awaji, K. Watanabe, and T. Tamegai, “Enhancement of critical current densities in (Ba,K)Fe ₂As ₂ wires and tapes using HIP technique,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 29, 115002 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/29/11/115002 CrossRef

194.

J. Hecher, T. Baumgartner, J. D. Weiss, C. Tarantini, A. Yamamoto, J. Jiang, E. E. Hellstrom, D. C. Larbalestier, and M. Eisterer, “Small grains: a key to high-field applications of granular Ba-122 superconductors,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 29, 025004 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/29/2/025004 CrossRef

195.

S. Pyon, T. Suwa, T. Tamegai, K. Takano, H. Kajitani, N. Koizumi, S. Awaji, N. Zhou, and Zh. Shi, “Improvements of fabrication processes and enhancement of critical current densities in (Ba,K)Fe ₂As ₂ HIP wires and tapes,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 31, 055016 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aab8c3 CrossRef

196.

Sh. Liu, Zhe. Cheng, Chao. Yao, Ch. Dong, D. Wang, Huang. He, Li. Liu, G. Xu, Y. Zhu, F. Liu, H. Liu, and Y. Ma, “High critical current density in Cu/Ag composited sheathed Ba _0.6K _0.4Fe ₂As ₂ tapes prepared via hot isostatic pressing,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32 (4), 044007 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aaff27 CrossRef

197.

S. Pyon, D. Miyawaki, T. Tamegai, H. Kajitani, N. Koizumi, S. Awaji, H. Kito, S. Ishida, and Y. Yoshida, “Fabrication and characterizations of KCa ₂Fe ₄As ₄F ₂ superconducting HIP wires,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1590, 012026 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1590/1/012026 CrossRef

198.

L. Li, X. Zhang, Ch. Yao, Ch. Dong, D. Wang, Zh. Xu, and Y. Ma, “Large critical current density in Cu/Ag composite sheathed (Ba,K)Fe ₂As ₂ tapes fabricated under ambient pressure,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32, 065008 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab0935 CrossRef

199.

Sh. Liu, K. Lin, Ch. Yao, X. Zhang, Ch. Dong, D. Wang, S. Awaji, H. Kumakura, and Y. Ma, “Transport current density at temperatures up to 25 K of Cu/Ag composite sheathed 122-type tapes and wires,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 30, 115007 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aa87ec CrossRef

200.

P. Yuan, Zh. Xu, Ch. Li, B. Quan, J. Li, Ch. Gu, and Y. Ma, “Transport properties of ultrathin BaFe _1.84Co _0.16As ₂ superconducting nanowires,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 31, 025002 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aa9b61 CrossRef

201.

V. A. Vlasenko, O. A. Sobolevskii, A. V. Sadakov, K. S. Pervakov, S. Yu. Gavrilkin, A. V. Dik, and Yu. F. El’tsev, “Systematic study of the pinning of Abrikosov vortices and the vortex liquid–glass phase transition in single crystals BaFe _{2 – x}Ni _xAs,” Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 107, 121–127 (2018).

202.

Yu. F. Eltsev, K. S. Pervakov, V. A. Vlasenko, S. Yu. Gavrilkin, E. P. Khlybov, and V. M. Pudalov, “Magnetic and transport properties of single crystals of Fe-based superconductors of the 122 family,” Phys.-Usp. 57, 827 (2014). CrossRef

203.

G. Bioletti, G. V. M. Williams, M. A. Susner, T. J. Haugan, D. M. Uhrig, and S. V. Chong, “The effect of pressure and doping on the critical current density in nickel doped BaFe ₂As,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32 (6), 064001 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab0b81 CrossRef

204.

Sh. Tokuta and A. Yamamoto, “Enhanced upper critical field in Co-doped Ba122 superconductors by lattice defect tuning,” APL Mater. 7, 111107 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5098057 CrossRef

205.

C. Tarantini, F. Kametani, S. Lee, J. Jiang, J. D. Weiss, J. Jaroszynski, E. E. Hellstrom, C. B. Eom, and D. C. Larbalestier, “Development of very high J _c in Ba(Fe _{1 – x}Co _x) ₂As ₂ thin films grown on CaF ₂,” Sci. Rep. 4, 7305 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep07305 CrossRef

206.

Zh. Xu, Ch. Dong, F. Fan, V. Vlasko-Vlasov, Ul. Welp, W-K. Kwok, and Y. Ma, “Transport characterization and pinning analysis of BaFe _1.9Ni _0.1As _2.05 thin films,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 33, 044002 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab72c4 CrossRef

207.

K. Iida, F. Kurth, M. Chihara, N. Sumiya, V. Grinenko, A. Ichinose, I. Tsukada, J. Hanisch, V. Matias, T. Hatano, B. Holzapfel, and H. Ikuta, “Highly textured oxypnictide superconducting thin films on metal substrates,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 172602 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4900931 CrossRef

208.

W. Si, J. Zhou, Q. Jie, I. Dimitrov, V. Solovyov, P. D. Johnston, J. Jaroszynski, V. Matias, C. Sheehan, and Q. Li, “Iron-chalcogenide FeSe _0.5Te _0.5 coated superconducting tapes for high field applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 262509 (2011). CrossRef

209.

W. Si, J. S. Han, X. Shi, S. N. Ehrlich, J. Jaroszynski, A. Goyal, and Q. Li, “High current superconductivity in FeSe _0.5Te _0.5-coated conductors at 30 tesla,” Nat. Commun. 4, 1347 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2337 CrossRef

210.

V. Braccini, A. Leo, E. Bellingeri, C. Ferdeghini, A. Galluzzi, M. Polichetti, A. Nigro, S. Pace, and G. Grimaldi, “Anisotropy effects on the quenching current of Fe(Se,Te) thin films,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 28 (4), 7300204 (2018).

211.

K. Iida, J. Hanisch, S. Trommler, V. Matias, S. Haindl, F. Kurth, I. L. del Pozo, R. Huhne, M. Kidszun, J. Engelmann, L. Schultz, and B. Holzapfel, “Epitaxial growth of superconducting Ba(Fe _{1 – x}Co _x) ₂As ₂ thin films on technical ion beam assisted deposition MgO substrates,” Appl. Phys. Exp. 4, 013103 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1143/APEX.4.013103 CrossRef

212.

S. Trommler, J. Hanisch, V. Matias, R. Huhne, E. Reich, K. Iida, S. Haindl, L. Shultz, and B. Holzapfel, “Architecture, microstructure and J _c anisotropy of highly oriented biaxially textured Co-doped BaFe ₂As ₂ on Fe/IBAD-MgO buffered metal tapes,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25 (8), 084019 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/25/8/084019 CrossRef

213.

T. Katase, H. Hiramatsu, V. Matias, C. Sheehan, Y. Ishimaru, T. Kamiya, K. Tanabe, and H. Hosono, “Biaxially textured cobal-doped BaFe ₂As ₂ films with high critical current density over 1 MA/cm ² on MgO-buffered metal-tape flexible substrates,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 (4), 242510 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3599844 CrossRef

214.

H. Sato, H. Hiramatsu, T. Kamiya, and H. Hosono, “Enhanced critical-current in P-doped BaFe ₂As ₂ thin films on metal substrates arising from poorly aligned grain boundaries,” Sci. Rep. 6, 36828 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36828 CrossRef

215.

K. Iida, H. Sato, C. Tarantini, J. Hanisch, J. Jaroszynski, H. Hiramatsu, B. Holzapfel, and H. Hosono, “High-field transport properties of a P-doped BaFe ₂As ₂ film on technical substrate,” Sci. Rep. 7, 39951 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39951 CrossRef

216.

K. Iida, J. Hänisch, and Ch. Tarantini, “Fe-based superconducting thin films on metallic substrates: growth, characteristics and relevant properties,” Appl. Phys. Rev. 5 (3), 031304 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5032258 CrossRef

217.

D. Wang, Zh. Zhang, X. Zhang, D. Jiang, Ch. Dong, He. Huang, W. Chen, Q. Xu, and Y. Ma, “First performance test of a 30 mm iron-based superconductor single pancake coil under a 24 T background field,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32, 04LT01 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab09a4 CrossRef

218.

Y. Zhu, D. Wang, He. Huang, G. Xu, Sh. Liu, Zhe. Cheng, and Y. Ma, “Enhanced transport critical current of iron-based superconducting joints,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32, 024002 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aaf45a CrossRef

219.

Zh. Zhang, D. Wang, F. Liu, D. Jiange, Sh. Wei, Y. Wang, L. Gong, X. Zhang, Zh. Zhang, H. Liu, Ch. Tian, Y. Ma, and Q. Xu, “Fabrication and test of diameter 35 mm iron-based superconductor coils,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 30 (4), 1–4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2020.2976987 CrossRef

220.

X. Qingjin, “High field superconducting magnet program for accelerators in China,” 10th International particle Accelerator conference (Melbourne, 2019).

221.

D. C. Larbalestier, A. W. West, W. Starch, W. Warnes, P. Lee, W. K. McDonald, P. O’Larey, K. Hemachalam, B. Zeitlin, R. Scanlan, and C. Taylor, “High critical current densities in industrial scale composites made from high homogeneity Nb _46.5T,” IEEE Trans. Mag. 21, 269–272 (1985). CrossRef

222.

D. C. Larbalestier and A. W. West, “New perspectives on flux pinning in Niobium-Titanium composite superconductors,” Acta Metall. 32, 1871–1881 (1984). CrossRef

223.

J. D. McCambridge, N. D. Rizzo, X. S. Ling, J. Q. Wang, D. E. Prober, L. R. Motowidlo, and B. A. Zeitlin, “Flux pinning in NbTi/Nb multilayers,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 5, 1697–1699 (1995). CrossRef

224.

P-J. Lee, “Superconductor: Wwires and cables: materials and processes,” in Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology (Elseiver, Amsterdam, 2003).

Springer Professional

Tipp

Weitere Artikel dieser Ausgabe durch Wischen aufrufen

The Materials Science of Modern Technical Superconducting Materials

Abstract

Sie möchten Zugang zu diesem Inhalt erhalten? Dann informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional

Tipp

Weitere Artikel dieser Ausgabe durch Wischen aufrufen

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Sie möchten Zugang zu diesem Inhalt erhalten? Dann informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2022

A Neutron Diffraction Study of the Effect of Holdings and Heat Treatment on Residual Stresses in a Steel Weld

Temperature Dependences of the High-Frequency Electrical Impedance of Cobalt-Based Amorphous Wires with an Inhomogeneous Magnetic Structure

Modeling and an Experimental Study of the Frequency Dependences of the Impedance of Composite Wires

Quadrupole Ordering and Inverse Magnetocaloric Effect in a Magnet with Biquadratic Exchange and Spin S = 1

Structural Changes upon Heating of Austenitic Stainless Steel Produced by Selective Laser Melting

The Fine Structure of MgB2 Alloyed with Y and Gd