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Erschienen in:
Three Energy Streams of Security Culture – A Theoretical Research Model in Security Sciences Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

The Meta-Tragedy of the Commons. Climate Change and the Securitization of the Arctic Region

verfasst von : Pablo A. Mazurier, Juan José Delgado-Morán, Claudio A. Payá-Santos

Erschienen in: Security and Defence in Europe

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The object of this paper is to analyze the current race for the securitization of the Arctic region. This situation is presented as a case of meta-tragedy of the Commons, as it embodies a tragedy within another tragedy. Or, in other terms, the international race for the vast resources of the Arctic is serving as an obstacle to achieve a broad consensus to tackle down the unusually devastating impact of the global warming phenomenon on that fragile, distant but globally essential ecosystem. Due to the complexity of the Arctic scenario, the preference for intergovernmental fora and the ambiguous interests and roles of its players, the inadequate trinomial between an ecological global tragedy, an economic individual business and a collective security race will tend to subsist and to increase its tragic effects over the environment.

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Vorheriges Kapitel The Refugees Issue in the frame of the European Security: A Realistic Approach
Nächstes Kapitel From the European Defence Community to Permanent Structured Cooperation
Fußnoten
1
Securitization occurs when an actor delivers a speech act to a specific audience to let them know about an existencial threat, and, in so doing, this securitized issue would be faced with extraordinary security measures [4], op. cit., p. 25 y ss.
 
2
Deforestation contributes around 16% of human CO2 emissions which is in part responsible for the global warming struggle. Ref. UK Parliament [25], op. cit., p. 4. And it is confined mostly in 15 specific areas around the world. Ref. WWF [27], op. cit.
 
3
Nasa estimates there are more than 500,000 pieces of debris, or “space junk,” orbiting the Earth. [17], op. cit.
 
4
In the Arctic, “the environmental impact of climate change doubles the average recorded worldwide.” Ref. Spanish Government [23], op. cit., p. 9.
 
5
Canada, Denmark (with sovereignty over Faroe Islands and Greenland, which keep the status of autonomous territories), Norway, the Russian Federation, the USA, Iceland, Finland and Sweden.
 
6
As recognized, for example, by the German Government. See: German Federal Government [9], op. cit., p. 2.
 
7
As reported in one of the official portals of the Arctic institutions, the Arctic Portal: https://​arcticportal.​org/​ap-library/​news/​1791-arctic-circle-prize-awarded-for-first-time
 
9
As expressed by Jean-Marc Ayrault, French Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Development at the Introduction of the French official policy document on the issue, op. cit., p. 4.
 
10
See: Jacobsen, M. [11], op. cit., pp. 28–9.
 
11
I.e., a polar-class icebreaker costs roughly U$S 1 billion, just to use it during winter months. Ref. Pincus, R.H. and Ali, S.H. (eds.) [20], op. cit., p. 167.
 
12
“The government recognizes the importance of managing the Arctic region carefully to ensure global environmental protection using the precautionary principle.” German Federal Government [8], op. cit., 4th par. And this concept is repeated at the 2017 Germany’s Arctic Policy Guidelines document, while it is stressed that the protection of the Arctic environment has to be done “through circumspect and precautionary action”. German Federal Government [9], op. cit., p. 1.
 
13
In particular, an outcome from the prisoner’s dilemma and the chicken’s game: the collective need to cut incentives for free-riding by regulation and measures to enhance transparency and responsibility and promote cooperative interaction [2].
 
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Metadaten
Titel
The Meta-Tragedy of the Commons. Climate Change and the Securitization of the Arctic Region
verfasst von
Pablo A. Mazurier
Juan José Delgado-Morán
Claudio A. Payá-Santos
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Buch
Security and Defence in Europe

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-12292-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-12293-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12293-5_5