Skip to main content

2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

13. The Neoichnology of Two Terrestrial Ambystomatid Salamanders: Quantifying Amphibian Burrows Using Modern Analogs

verfasst von : Nicole D. Dzenowski, Daniel I. Hembree

Erschienen in: Experimental Approaches to Understanding Fossil Organisms

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This experiment involved the study of two species of ambystomatid salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum and Ambystoma opacum (Amphibia: Caudata). Individual salamanders were placed in sediment-filled terrariums and allowed to burrow for 7 to 14 days under natural environmental conditions. Salamanders were then removed and their burrows cast, excavated, and described both qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative measurements included the number of surface openings, width, height, width-to-height ratio, total length, maximum depth, slope, branching angle, complexity, and tortuosity. Additional experiments involved variations in soil composition and soil moisture. A. tigrinum burrowed through excavation and compaction techniques whereas A. opacum only used compaction. Burrows produced by A. tigrinum consisted of ramps, branched ramps, U-, W-, Y-, and J-shaped burrows. Small-scale surface mounds were also created by Ambystoma tigrinum. Burrows produced by A. opacum consisted of ramps and branched ramps. Sinuous to straight surface trails were also produced by A. opacum. There was no recognized change in behavior or burrow properties in response to changes in the environmental parameters.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson JD, Graham RE (1967) Vertical migration and stratification of larval Ambystoma. Copeia 1967:371–374CrossRef Anderson JD, Graham RE (1967) Vertical migration and stratification of larval Ambystoma. Copeia 1967:371–374CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson JS, Henrici AC, Sumida SS, Martens T, Berman DS (2008) Georgenthalia clavinasica, a new genus and species of dissorophoid temnospondyl from the Early Permian of Germany, and the relationships of the family Amphibamidae. J Vertebr Paleontol 28:61–75CrossRef Anderson JS, Henrici AC, Sumida SS, Martens T, Berman DS (2008) Georgenthalia clavinasica, a new genus and species of dissorophoid temnospondyl from the Early Permian of Germany, and the relationships of the family Amphibamidae. J Vertebr Paleontol 28:61–75CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brand LR (1996) Variations in salamander trackways resulting from substrate differences. J Paleontol 70:1004–1010 Brand LR (1996) Variations in salamander trackways resulting from substrate differences. J Paleontol 70:1004–1010
Zurück zum Zitat Brand LR, Tang T (1991) Fossil vertebrate footprints in the Coconino Sandstone (Permian) of northern Arizona: evidence for underwater origin. Geology 19:1201–1204CrossRef Brand LR, Tang T (1991) Fossil vertebrate footprints in the Coconino Sandstone (Permian) of northern Arizona: evidence for underwater origin. Geology 19:1201–1204CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bray JR, Curtis JT (1957) An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecol Mon 27:326–349CrossRef Bray JR, Curtis JT (1957) An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecol Mon 27:326–349CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bromley RG (1996) Trace fossils: biology, taphonomy, and applications. Chapman and Hall, New YorkCrossRef Bromley RG (1996) Trace fossils: biology, taphonomy, and applications. Chapman and Hall, New YorkCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Burton TM, Likens GE (1975) Salamander populations and biomass in the Hubbard Brook experimental forest, New Hampshire. Copeia 1975:541–546CrossRef Burton TM, Likens GE (1975) Salamander populations and biomass in the Hubbard Brook experimental forest, New Hampshire. Copeia 1975:541–546CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Church SA, Kraus JM, Mitchell JC, Church DR, Taylor DR (2003) Evidence for multiple Pleistocene refugia in the postglacial expansion of the eastern tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum. Evolution Int J org Evolution 57:372–383CrossRef Church SA, Kraus JM, Mitchell JC, Church DR, Taylor DR (2003) Evidence for multiple Pleistocene refugia in the postglacial expansion of the eastern tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum. Evolution Int J org Evolution 57:372–383CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Counts JW, Hasiotis ST (2009) Neoichnological experiments with masked chafer beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): implications for backfilled continental trace fossils. Palaios 24:74–91CrossRef Counts JW, Hasiotis ST (2009) Neoichnological experiments with masked chafer beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): implications for backfilled continental trace fossils. Palaios 24:74–91CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Davic RD, Welsh HH Jr (2004) On the ecological role of salamanders. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 35:405–434CrossRef Davic RD, Welsh HH Jr (2004) On the ecological role of salamanders. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 35:405–434CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Davis RB, Minter NJ, Braddy SJ (2007) The neoichnology of terrestrial arthropods. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 255:284–307CrossRef Davis RB, Minter NJ, Braddy SJ (2007) The neoichnology of terrestrial arthropods. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 255:284–307CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Deocampo DM (2002) Sedimentary structures generated by Hippopotamus amphibius in a lake-margin wetland, Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. Palaios 17:212–217CrossRef Deocampo DM (2002) Sedimentary structures generated by Hippopotamus amphibius in a lake-margin wetland, Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. Palaios 17:212–217CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Evans SE, Milner AR, Mussett F (1988) The earliest known salamanders (Amphibia, Caudata): a record from the Middle Jurassic of England. Geobios 21:539–552CrossRef Evans SE, Milner AR, Mussett F (1988) The earliest known salamanders (Amphibia, Caudata): a record from the Middle Jurassic of England. Geobios 21:539–552CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Frey RW (1970) Environmental significance of recent marine Lebensspuren near Beaufort, North Carolina. J Paleontol 44:507–519 Frey RW (1970) Environmental significance of recent marine Lebensspuren near Beaufort, North Carolina. J Paleontol 44:507–519
Zurück zum Zitat Frey RW (1968) The lebensspuren of some common marine invertebrates near Beaufort, North Carolina. I. Pelecypod burrows. J Paleontol 42:570–574 Frey RW (1968) The lebensspuren of some common marine invertebrates near Beaufort, North Carolina. I. Pelecypod burrows. J Paleontol 42:570–574
Zurück zum Zitat Frey RW, Curran HA, Pemberton SG (1984) Tracemaking activities of crabs and their environmental significance: the ichnogenus Psilonichnus. J Paleontol 58:333–350 Frey RW, Curran HA, Pemberton SG (1984) Tracemaking activities of crabs and their environmental significance: the ichnogenus Psilonichnus. J Paleontol 58:333–350
Zurück zum Zitat Gaillard C (1991) Recent organism traces and ichnofacies on the deep-sea floor off New Caledonia, southwestern Pacific. Palaios 6:302–315CrossRef Gaillard C (1991) Recent organism traces and ichnofacies on the deep-sea floor off New Caledonia, southwestern Pacific. Palaios 6:302–315CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gardner JD (2001) Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia). Zool J Linnean Soc 131:309–352CrossRef Gardner JD (2001) Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia). Zool J Linnean Soc 131:309–352CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gehlbach FR, Kimmel JR, Weems WA (1969) Aggregations and body water relations in tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) from the Grand Canyon Rims, Arizona. Physiol Zool 42:173–182 Gehlbach FR, Kimmel JR, Weems WA (1969) Aggregations and body water relations in tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) from the Grand Canyon Rims, Arizona. Physiol Zool 42:173–182
Zurück zum Zitat Genise JF, Ricardo N, Melchor RN, Archangelsky M, Bala LO, Straneck R, Valais S (2009) Application of neoichnological studies to behavioural and taphonomic interpretation of fossil bird-like tracks from lacustrine settings: the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic? Santo Domingo Formation, Argentina. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 272:143–161CrossRef Genise JF, Ricardo N, Melchor RN, Archangelsky M, Bala LO, Straneck R, Valais S (2009) Application of neoichnological studies to behavioural and taphonomic interpretation of fossil bird-like tracks from lacustrine settings: the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic? Santo Domingo Formation, Argentina. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 272:143–161CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gingras MK, Maceachern JA, Pickerill RK (2004) Modern perspectives on the Teredolites ichnofacies. Observations from Willapa Bay, Washington. Palaios 19:79–88CrossRef Gingras MK, Maceachern JA, Pickerill RK (2004) Modern perspectives on the Teredolites ichnofacies. Observations from Willapa Bay, Washington. Palaios 19:79–88CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gingras MK, Pickerill R, Pemberton SG (2002) Resin cast of modern burrows provides analogs for composite trace fossils. Palaios 17:206–211CrossRef Gingras MK, Pickerill R, Pemberton SG (2002) Resin cast of modern burrows provides analogs for composite trace fossils. Palaios 17:206–211CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Groenewald GH, Welman J, MaCeachern JA (2001) Vertebrate burrow complexes from the Early Triassic Cynognathus Zone (Driekoppen Formation, Beaufort Group) of the Karoo Basin, South Africa. Palaios 16:148–160CrossRef Groenewald GH, Welman J, MaCeachern JA (2001) Vertebrate burrow complexes from the Early Triassic Cynognathus Zone (Driekoppen Formation, Beaufort Group) of the Karoo Basin, South Africa. Palaios 16:148–160CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gruberg ER, Stirling RV (1972) Observations on the burrowing habits of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). Herpetol Rev 4:85–89 Gruberg ER, Stirling RV (1972) Observations on the burrowing habits of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). Herpetol Rev 4:85–89
Zurück zum Zitat Hairston NGS (1987) Community ecology and salamander guilds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Hairston NGS (1987) Community ecology and salamander guilds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Zurück zum Zitat Halfen AF, Hasiotis ST (2010) Neoichnological study of the traces and burrowing behaviors of the western harvester ant Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae): paleopedogenic and paleoecological implications. Palaios 25:703–720CrossRef Halfen AF, Hasiotis ST (2010) Neoichnological study of the traces and burrowing behaviors of the western harvester ant Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae): paleopedogenic and paleoecological implications. Palaios 25:703–720CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hasiotis ST (2002) Continental trace fossils. Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa Hasiotis ST (2002) Continental trace fossils. Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa
Zurück zum Zitat Hasiotis ST (2007) Continental ichnology: fundamental processes and controls on trace fossil distribution. In: Miller IIIW (ed) Trace fossils: concepts, problems, prospects. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 268–284 Hasiotis ST (2007) Continental ichnology: fundamental processes and controls on trace fossil distribution. In: Miller IIIW (ed) Trace fossils: concepts, problems, prospects. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 268–284
Zurück zum Zitat Hasiotis ST, Mitchell CE (1993) A comparison of crayfish burrow morphologies: Triassic and Holocene fossil, paleo‐ and neo‐ichnological evidence, and the identification of their burrowing signatures. Ichnos 2:291–314CrossRef Hasiotis ST, Mitchell CE (1993) A comparison of crayfish burrow morphologies: Triassic and Holocene fossil, paleo‐ and neo‐ichnological evidence, and the identification of their burrowing signatures. Ichnos 2:291–314CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hasiotis ST, Wellner RW, Martin AJ, Demko TM (2004) Vertebrate burrows from Triassic and Jurassic continental deposits of North America and Antarctica: their paleoenvironmental and paleoecological significance. Ichnos 11:103–124CrossRef Hasiotis ST, Wellner RW, Martin AJ, Demko TM (2004) Vertebrate burrows from Triassic and Jurassic continental deposits of North America and Antarctica: their paleoenvironmental and paleoecological significance. Ichnos 11:103–124CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hasiotis ST, Platt B, Hembree DI, Everhart M, Miller W (2007) The trace-fossil record of vertebrates. In: Miller IIIW (ed) Trace fossils: concepts, problems, prospects. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 196–218 Hasiotis ST, Platt B, Hembree DI, Everhart M, Miller W (2007) The trace-fossil record of vertebrates. In: Miller IIIW (ed) Trace fossils: concepts, problems, prospects. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 196–218
Zurück zum Zitat Hembree DI (2009) Neoichnology of burrowing millipedes: understanding the relationships between ichnofossil morphology, behavior, and sediment properties. Palaios 24:425–439CrossRef Hembree DI (2009) Neoichnology of burrowing millipedes: understanding the relationships between ichnofossil morphology, behavior, and sediment properties. Palaios 24:425–439CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hembree DI (2013) Neoichnology of the whip scorpion Mastigoproctus giganteus: complex burrows of predatory terrestrial arthropods. Palaios 28:141–162CrossRef Hembree DI (2013) Neoichnology of the whip scorpion Mastigoproctus giganteus: complex burrows of predatory terrestrial arthropods. Palaios 28:141–162CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hembree DI, Hasiotis ST (2006) The identification and interpretation of reptile ichnofossils in paleosols through modern studies. J Sediment Res 76:575–588CrossRef Hembree DI, Hasiotis ST (2006) The identification and interpretation of reptile ichnofossils in paleosols through modern studies. J Sediment Res 76:575–588CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hembree DI, Hasiotis ST (2007) Biogenic structures produced by sand-swimming snakes: a modern analog for interpreting continental ichnofossils. J Sediment Res 77:389–397CrossRef Hembree DI, Hasiotis ST (2007) Biogenic structures produced by sand-swimming snakes: a modern analog for interpreting continental ichnofossils. J Sediment Res 77:389–397CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hembree DI, Hasiotis ST (2008) Miocene vertebrate and invertebrate burrows defining compound paleosols in the Pawnee Creek Formation, Colorado, U.S.A. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 270:349–365CrossRef Hembree DI, Hasiotis ST (2008) Miocene vertebrate and invertebrate burrows defining compound paleosols in the Pawnee Creek Formation, Colorado, U.S.A. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 270:349–365CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hembree DI, Johnson LM, Tenwalde RW (2012) Neoichnology of the desert scorpion Hadrurus arizonensis: burrows to biogenic cross lamination. Palaeontol Electron 15:1–34 Hembree DI, Johnson LM, Tenwalde RW (2012) Neoichnology of the desert scorpion Hadrurus arizonensis: burrows to biogenic cross lamination. Palaeontol Electron 15:1–34
Zurück zum Zitat Hertweck G, Wehrmann A, Liebezeit G (2007) Bioturbation structures of polychaetes in modern shallow marine environments and their analogues to Chondrites group traces. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 245:382–389CrossRef Hertweck G, Wehrmann A, Liebezeit G (2007) Bioturbation structures of polychaetes in modern shallow marine environments and their analogues to Chondrites group traces. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 245:382–389CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Holman JA (2006) Fossil salamanders of North America. Indiana University Press, Bloomington Holman JA (2006) Fossil salamanders of North America. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
Zurück zum Zitat Kley N, Kearney M (2007) Adaptation to digging and burrowing. In: Hall BK (ed) Fins into limbs. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 284–309 Kley N, Kearney M (2007) Adaptation to digging and burrowing. In: Hall BK (ed) Fins into limbs. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 284–309
Zurück zum Zitat Lockley MG, Hunt AP, Meyer C (1994) Vertebrate tracks and the ichnofacies concept: implications for paleoecology and palichnostratigraphy. In: Donovan SK (ed) The paleobiology of trace fossils. Wiley, New York, pp 241–268 Lockley MG, Hunt AP, Meyer C (1994) Vertebrate tracks and the ichnofacies concept: implications for paleoecology and palichnostratigraphy. In: Donovan SK (ed) The paleobiology of trace fossils. Wiley, New York, pp 241–268
Zurück zum Zitat Maddin HC, Olori JC, Anderson JS (2011) A redescription of Carrolla craddocki (Lepospondyli: Brachystelechidae) based on high-resolution CT, and the impacts of miniaturization and fossoriality on morphology. J Morphol 272:722–743CrossRef Maddin HC, Olori JC, Anderson JS (2011) A redescription of Carrolla craddocki (Lepospondyli: Brachystelechidae) based on high-resolution CT, and the impacts of miniaturization and fossoriality on morphology. J Morphol 272:722–743CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Marangio MS, Anderson JD (1977) Soil moisture preference and water relations of the marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum (Amphibia, Urodela, Ambystomatidae). J Herpetol 22:169–176CrossRef Marangio MS, Anderson JD (1977) Soil moisture preference and water relations of the marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum (Amphibia, Urodela, Ambystomatidae). J Herpetol 22:169–176CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Martin AJ (2006) Resting traces of Ocypode quadrata associated with hydration and respiration. Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA. Ichnos 13:57–67CrossRef Martin AJ (2006) Resting traces of Ocypode quadrata associated with hydration and respiration. Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA. Ichnos 13:57–67CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Meadows PS (1991) The environmental impact of burrows and burrowing animals—conclusions and a model. In: Meadows PS, Meadows A (eds) The environmental impact of burrowing animals and animal burrows. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 327–338 Meadows PS (1991) The environmental impact of burrows and burrowing animals—conclusions and a model. In: Meadows PS, Meadows A (eds) The environmental impact of burrowing animals and animal burrows. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 327–338
Zurück zum Zitat Melchor RN, Genise JF, Umazano AM, Superina M (2012) Pink fairy armadillo meniscate burrows and ichnofabrics from Miocene and Holocene interdune deposits of Argentina: palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological significance. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 350–352:149–170CrossRef Melchor RN, Genise JF, Umazano AM, Superina M (2012) Pink fairy armadillo meniscate burrows and ichnofabrics from Miocene and Holocene interdune deposits of Argentina: palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological significance. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 350–352:149–170CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Miller MF, Hasiotis ST, Babcock LE, Isbell JL, Collinson JW (2001) Tetrapod and large Burrows of uncertain origin in Triassic high paleolatitude floodplain deposits, Antarctica. Palaios 16:218–232CrossRef Miller MF, Hasiotis ST, Babcock LE, Isbell JL, Collinson JW (2001) Tetrapod and large Burrows of uncertain origin in Triassic high paleolatitude floodplain deposits, Antarctica. Palaios 16:218–232CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pearson NJ, Gingras MK, Armitage IA, Pemberton SG (2007) Significance of Atlantic sturgeon feeding excavations, Mary’s Point, Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada. Palaios 22:457–464CrossRef Pearson NJ, Gingras MK, Armitage IA, Pemberton SG (2007) Significance of Atlantic sturgeon feeding excavations, Mary’s Point, Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada. Palaios 22:457–464CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Petranka JW, Eldridge ME, Haley KE (1993) Effects of timber harvesting on southern Appalachian salamanders. Conserv Biol 7:363–370CrossRef Petranka JW, Eldridge ME, Haley KE (1993) Effects of timber harvesting on southern Appalachian salamanders. Conserv Biol 7:363–370CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Romer AS, Olson EC (1954) Aestivation in a Permian lungfish. Brevoria 30:1–8 Romer AS, Olson EC (1954) Aestivation in a Permian lungfish. Brevoria 30:1–8
Zurück zum Zitat Schaetzl R, Anderson S (2009) Soils: genesis and geomorphology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Schaetzl R, Anderson S (2009) Soils: genesis and geomorphology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Zurück zum Zitat Seike K, Nara M (2007) Occurrence of bioglyphs on Ocypode crab burrows in a modern sandy beach and its palaeoenvironmental implications. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 252:458–463CrossRef Seike K, Nara M (2007) Occurrence of bioglyphs on Ocypode crab burrows in a modern sandy beach and its palaeoenvironmental implications. Palaeogeogr Palaeocl 252:458–463CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Semlitsch RD (1983) Burrowing ability and behavior of salamanders of the genus Ambystoma. Can J Zool 61:616–620CrossRef Semlitsch RD (1983) Burrowing ability and behavior of salamanders of the genus Ambystoma. Can J Zool 61:616–620CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Smith JJ, Hasiotis ST (2008) Traces and burrowing behaviors of the cicada nymph Cicadetta calliope: neoichnology and paleoecological significance of extant soil-dwelling insects. Palaios 23:503–513CrossRef Smith JJ, Hasiotis ST (2008) Traces and burrowing behaviors of the cicada nymph Cicadetta calliope: neoichnology and paleoecological significance of extant soil-dwelling insects. Palaios 23:503–513CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Stebbins RC, Cohen N (1995) A natural history of amphibians. Princeton University Press, Princeton Stebbins RC, Cohen N (1995) A natural history of amphibians. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Zurück zum Zitat Vitt LJ, Caldwell JP (2008) Herpetology: an introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles. Academic Press, San Diego Vitt LJ, Caldwell JP (2008) Herpetology: an introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles. Academic Press, San Diego
Zurück zum Zitat Voorhies M (1975) Vertebrate burrows. In: Frey RW (ed) The study of trace fossils. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 325–350 Voorhies M (1975) Vertebrate burrows. In: Frey RW (ed) The study of trace fossils. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 325–350
Zurück zum Zitat Wake MH (1993) The skull as a locomotor organ. In: Hanken J, Hall BK (eds) The skull. Volume 3: functional and evolutionary mechanisms. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 197–240 Wake MH (1993) The skull as a locomotor organ. In: Hanken J, Hall BK (eds) The skull. Volume 3: functional and evolutionary mechanisms. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 197–240
Zurück zum Zitat Welsh HHJ, Lind AJ (1992) Population ecology of two relictual salamanders from the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California. In: McCulloch DR, Barrett RH (eds) Wildlife 2001: populations. Elsevier, London, pp 419–429 Welsh HHJ, Lind AJ (1992) Population ecology of two relictual salamanders from the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California. In: McCulloch DR, Barrett RH (eds) Wildlife 2001: populations. Elsevier, London, pp 419–429
Zurück zum Zitat White CR (2005) The allometry of burrow geometry. J Zool 265:395–403CrossRef White CR (2005) The allometry of burrow geometry. J Zool 265:395–403CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
The Neoichnology of Two Terrestrial Ambystomatid Salamanders: Quantifying Amphibian Burrows Using Modern Analogs
verfasst von
Nicole D. Dzenowski
Daniel I. Hembree
Copyright-Jahr
2014
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8721-5_13