Skip to main content

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. The Paris Agreement: Intellectual Property, Technology Transfer, and Climate Change

verfasst von : Matthew Rimmer

Erschienen in: Intellectual Property and Clean Energy

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In the lead up to the Paris Agreement 2015, the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has commented: ‘Intellectual property, technology transfer, and financing are among a wide range of topics that must be addressed in the context of climate change and sustainable development’. The Paris Climate Talks considered a number of issues related to intellectual property, technology transfer, and finance. Draft Article 56.3 laid down a number of options. The first option suggested a number of possibilities to facilitate technology transfer. Item A suggested that developed countries ‘provide financial resources to address barriers caused by intellectual property rights (IPRs) and facilitate access to and the deployment of technology, including inter alia, by utilizing the Financial Mechanism and/or the establishment of a funding window under the Green Climate Fund/the operating entities of the Financial Mechanism.’ Item B called for ‘an international mechanism on IPRs to be established to facilitate access to and the deployment of technology to [developing country Parties].’ Item C asked for other arrangements to be established to address intellectual property rights—such as ‘collaborative research and development, shareware, commitments related to humanitarian or preferential licensing, fully paid-up or joint licensing schemes, preferential rates and patent pools.’ Item D suggested that ‘funds from the Green Climate Fund will be utilized to meet the full costs of intellectual property rights (IPRs) of environmentally sound technologies and know-how and such technologies will be provided to developing country Parties free of cost in order to enhance their actions to address climate change and its adverse impacts.’ The second option was that ‘Parties recognize that IPRs create an enabling environment for the promotion of technology innovation in environmentally sound technologies.’ The third option favoured by developed countries is that ‘IPRs are not to be addressed in this agreement.’ The fourth option was for ‘Developed country Parties to make available Intellectual Property (IP) through multilateral institutions as public good, through purchase of intellectual property.’ The Paris Climate Talks saw a number of announcements on innovation—including Mission Innovation, and the International Solar Alliance. At the Paris talks, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi contended that: ‘Our innovation initiative should be driven by public purpose, not just market incentives, including on IP.’ He emphasized that: ‘We need to scale up the Green Climate Fund that will improve access to technology and intellectual property.’ For his part, US President Barack Obama flagged that he was willing to engage in a dialogue over matters of technology transfer. In the end, there was text on technology transfer in the Paris Agreement 2015—but no substantive text on intellectual property and climate change.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, opened for signature 12 December 2015 (entered into force 4 November 2016) (in UNFCCC, Report of the Conference of the Parties on its Twenty-First Session, Addendum, UN Doc FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, 29 Jan 2016).
 
2
The Tribune India (2014).
 
3
Rimmer (2014).
 
4
Rimmer (2018); and Antons and Logan (2018).
 
5
Copenhagen Accord 2009, UN Doc. FCCC/KP/CMP/2009/L.9 (December 18, 2009).
 
6
UNFCCC Climate Technology Centre and Network https://​www.​ctc-n.​org/​ Accessed 1 May 2018.
 
7
Slezak (2017), Corporate Accountability, and others (2017).
 
8
Green Climate Fund, http://​www.​greenclimate.​fund/​home Accessed 1 May 2018.
 
9
Slezak (2017), Corporate Accountability, and others (2017).
 
11
Rimmer (2011a).
 
12
Lane (2011).
 
13
Brown (2013).
 
14
Menell and Tran (2014).
 
15
Sarnoff (2016a, pp. 1–2).
 
16
Ibid.
 
17
Zhuang (2017).
 
18
Baker et al. (2017).
 
19
Shabalala (2016).
 
20
Zahar et al. (2013), Farber and Petters (2016), Klein et al. (2017).
 
21
Porter (2016).
 
22
Ibid.
 
23
Ibid.
 
24
Ibid.
 
25
Ibid.
 
26
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (2015).
 
27
China (2013).
 
28
Ibid.
 
29
Ibid.
 
30
Gastelumendi and Gnittke (2017, pp. 239–257).
 
31
The Carbon Brief (2015).
 
32
Raman (2016).
 
33
Azad and Azad (2016, pp. 85–123); Abate (2016).
 
34
Azad and Azad (2016, p. 121); Abate (2016).
 
35
Bloomberg New Energy Finance (2018).
 
36
Guterres (2017).
 
37
Ibid.
 
38
Ibid.
 
39
Ibid.
 
40
Ibid.
 
41
Ibid.
 
42
Ibid.
 
43
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (2015).
 
44
Gupta (2015).
 
45
Ibid.
 
46
Climate Home (2014).
 
47
Live Mint (2016).
 
48
European Parliament, Directorate-General for Internal Policies (2014).
 
49
Ibid.
 
50
Modi (2015).
 
51
Ibid.
 
52
Raman (2016).
 
53
Ibid.
 
54
Ibid.
 
55
Goswami (2017).
 
56
Green Climate Fund (2016).
 
57
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (2015).
 
58
Latif (2015).
 
59
Ibid.
 
60
Ibid.
 
61
Ibid.
 
62
Ibid.
 
63
Ibid.
 
64
Ibid.
 
65
Ibid.
 
66
Ibid.
 
67
Ibid.
 
68
Ibid.
 
69
Ibid.
 
70
Correa (2015).
 
71
Ibid.
 
72
Ibid.
 
73
Ibid.
 
74
Ibid.
 
75
Ibid.
 
76
Ibid.
 
77
Ibid.
 
78
Ibid.
 
79
Ibid.
 
80
Ibid.
 
81
Ibid.
 
82
Ibid.
 
83
Ibid.
 
84
Abbott (2015).
 
85
Ibid.
 
86
Ibid.
 
87
Ibid.
 
88
Ibid.
 
89
Ibid.
 
90
Ibid.
 
91
Ibid.
 
92
Ibid.
 
93
Ibid.
 
94
Ibid.
 
95
Ibid.
 
96
Ibid.
 
97
Ibid.
 
98
Ibid.
 
99
Ibid.
 
100
Ibid.
 
101
Ibid.
 
102
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (2015).
 
103
Rimmer (2011a, pp. 318–326).
 
104
See for instance Van Hoorebeek and Onzivu (2010).
 
105
Eco-Patent Commons (2016).
 
106
Contreras et al. (2018).
 
107
Stacey and Hinchcliff Pearson (2017).
 
108
Rimmer (2011a, pp. 327–332).
 
109
Vance (2015).
 
110
Musk (2014). See also Musk (2015).
 
111
Ibid.
 
112
Ibid.
 
113
Ibid.
 
114
Ibid.
 
115
Ibid.
 
116
For a substantive discussion, see Chapter 19 by Rimmer.
 
117
Gore, Cohen, Shenk (directors), Actual Films and Participant Media, Paramount Pictures (2017), Gore (2017).
 
118
Raiser et al. (2017).
 
119
Weston and Bollier (2013).
 
120
Ibid., pp. 166–7.
 
121
Ibid., p. 167.
 
122
Morales (2017).
 
123
Awad (2015).
 
124
Ibid.
 
125
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (2015).
 
126
Cunningham (2014).
 
127
The South Centre, https://​www.​southcentre.​int/​ and Raman (2016).
 
128
Raman (2016).
 
129
Ibid.
 
130
Ibid.
 
131
Ibid.
 
132
Ntungwe Ngalame (2017).
 
133
Climate Action Network (2014).
 
134
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (2015).
 
135
United States Trade Representative (2014).
 
136
Ibid.
 
137
Ibid.
 
138
Ibid.
 
139
Ibid.
 
140
Ibid.
 
141
Intellectual Property Owners Association (2015).
 
142
Wamsley (2015).
 
143
Ibid., p. 78.
 
144
Moore (2015).
 
145
Business and Industry Non-Government Organizations (BINGO) (2015).
 
146
Ibid.
 
147
Ibid.
 
148
Ibid.
 
149
United States Business Council for Sustainable Energy (2015).
 
150
Ibid.
 
151
Ibid.
 
152
Ibid.
 
153
United States Business Council for Sustainable Energy (2014).
 
154
United States Business Council for Sustainable Energy (2015).
 
155
Ibid.
 
156
Ibid.
 
157
Kennedy (2014).
 
158
Ibid.
 
159
Ibid.
 
160
The organisation has previously undertaken work in this area: INPI (2013).
 
161
Voltolini (2015).
 
162
Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (2015).
 
163
Sethi (2013).
 
164
Corporate Europe Observatory (2015).
 
165
Ibid.
 
166
Ibid.
 
167
Ibid.
 
168
Ibid.
 
169
Ibid.
 
170
Ibid.
 
171
Ibid; see also World Intellectual Property Organization (2017a, b).
 
172
Ibid.
 
173
Rimmer (2011b).
 
174
European Parliament, Directorate for Internal Policies (2017).
 
175
Ibid., p. 66.
 
176
Alliance for Clean Technology Innovation, Biotechnology Industry Association, Business Council for Sustainable Energy, Corn Refiners Association, Information Technology Industry Council, National Association of Manufacturers, National Foreign Trade Council, Northeast Clean Energy Council, U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the United States Council for International Business (2015).
 
177
Ibid.
 
178
Ibid.
 
179
Ibid.
 
180
Ibid.
 
181
Ibid.
 
182
Ibid.
 
183
Eule (2017).
 
184
Lane (2011), Rimmer (2011a), Brown (2013), Menell and Tran (2014).
 
185
Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, opened for signature 15 April 1994, 1867 UNTS 3 (entered into force 1 January 1995) annex 1C (‘Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights’—TRIPS Agreement 1994).
 
186
Rimmer (2016b), Delimatsis (2016), Zhuang (2017).
 
187
World Trade Organization (2013a, b, c).
 
188
Ibid.
 
189
Ibid.
 
190
Ibid.
 
191
World Trade Organization (2014a, b).
 
192
World Trade Organization, Climate Change and the WTO Intellectual Property (TRIPS) Agreement, https://​www.​wto.​org/​english/​tratop_​e/​trips_​e/​cchange_​e.​htm Accessed 1 May 2018.
 
193
Rimmer (2016a).
 
194
Maskus, and Okediji (2014).
 
195
The International Council on Human Rights Policy (2016).
 
196
Ibid., p. 126.
 
197
Ibid., p. 126.
 
198
Ibid., p. 126.
 
199
Ibid., p. 126.
 
200
Ibid., p. 126.
 
201
The Paris Agreement 2015.
 
202
Ibid.
 
203
Ibid.
 
204
Ibid.
 
205
Ibid.
 
206
Ibid.
 
207
Ibid.
 
208
Ibid.
 
209
Ibid.
 
210
Ibid.
 
211
Ibid.
 
212
Ibid.
 
213
Ibid.
 
214
Ibid.
 
215
de Coninck and Sagar (2017).
 
216
Ibid., p. 276.
 
217
Ibid., p. 274.
 
218
Gaines (2016, pp. 33–53 at 49).
 
219
Ibid., p. 49.
 
220
Ibid., p. 49.
 
221
Ibid., p. 50.
 
222
Ibid., p. 50.
 
223
Sarnoff (2016b, pp. 334–345).
 
224
Ibid., p. 345.
 
225
Ibid., p. 345.
 
226
Gore, Cohen, Shenk, Actual Films and Participant Media, Paramount Pictures (2017), Gore (2017).
 
228
Rimmer (2015).
 
229
Baker et al. (2017).
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Abate R (ed) (2016) Climate justice: case studies in global and regional governance challenges. Environmental Law Institute, Washington DC Abate R (ed) (2016) Climate justice: case studies in global and regional governance challenges. Environmental Law Institute, Washington DC
Zurück zum Zitat Alliance for Clean Technology Innovation, Biotechnology Industry Association, Business Council for Sustainable Energy, Corn Refiners Association, Information Technology Industry Council, National Association of Manufacturers, National Foreign Trade Council, Northeast Clean Energy Council, U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the United States Council for International Business (2015) Re: U.S. IPR and the COP21 Climate Negotiation, 7 December. http://www.necec.org/other-module/news/news-reader/necec-joins-business-associations-to-support-u-s-intellectual-property-rights-in-the-cop21-climate-negotiation-3648.html?file=files/necec/News%20Releases/newsletters/2015-12-07%20-%20US%20Multiassociation%20Letter%20COP21%20-%20final.pdf. Accessed 1 May 2018 Alliance for Clean Technology Innovation, Biotechnology Industry Association, Business Council for Sustainable Energy, Corn Refiners Association, Information Technology Industry Council, National Association of Manufacturers, National Foreign Trade Council, Northeast Clean Energy Council, U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the United States Council for International Business (2015) Re: U.S. IPR and the COP21 Climate Negotiation, 7 December. http://​www.​necec.​org/​other-module/​news/​news-reader/​necec-joins-business-associations-to-support-u-s-intellectual-property-rights-in-the-cop21-climate-negotiation-3648.​html?​file=​files/​necec/​News%20​Releases/​newsletters/​2015-12-07%20​-%20​US%20​Multiassociation​%20​Letter%20​COP21%20​-%20​final.​pdf. Accessed 1 May 2018
Zurück zum Zitat Antons C, Logan W (eds) (2018) Intellectual property, cultural property and intangible cultural heritage. Routledge, Abingdon/New York Antons C, Logan W (eds) (2018) Intellectual property, cultural property and intangible cultural heritage. Routledge, Abingdon/New York
Zurück zum Zitat Azad A, Azad A (2016) Energy access, climate justice, and financing innovation. In: Abate R (ed) Climate justice: case studies in global and regional governance challenges. Environmental Law Institute, Washington DC, pp 85–123 Azad A, Azad A (2016) Energy access, climate justice, and financing innovation. In: Abate R (ed) Climate justice: case studies in global and regional governance challenges. Environmental Law Institute, Washington DC, pp 85–123
Zurück zum Zitat Brown A (ed) (2013) Environmental technologies, intellectual property and climate change: accessing, obtaining and protecting. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton Brown A (ed) (2013) Environmental technologies, intellectual property and climate change: accessing, obtaining and protecting. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton
Zurück zum Zitat Cimoli M, Dosi G, Maskus K, Okediji R, Reichman J, Stiglitz J (eds) (2014) Intellectual property rights: legal and economic challenges for development. Oxford University Press, Oxford Cimoli M, Dosi G, Maskus K, Okediji R, Reichman J, Stiglitz J (eds) (2014) Intellectual property rights: legal and economic challenges for development. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Zurück zum Zitat Cunningham R (2014) Information environmentalism: a governance framework for intellectual property rights. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton Cunningham R (2014) Information environmentalism: a governance framework for intellectual property rights. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton
Zurück zum Zitat de Coninck H, Sagar A (2017) Technology development and transfer (Article 10). In: Klein D et al (eds) The Paris agreement on climate change: analysis and commentary. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 258–277 de Coninck H, Sagar A (2017) Technology development and transfer (Article 10). In: Klein D et al (eds) The Paris agreement on climate change: analysis and commentary. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 258–277
Zurück zum Zitat Delimatsis P (ed) (2016) Research handbook on climate change and trade law. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton Delimatsis P (ed) (2016) Research handbook on climate change and trade law. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton
Zurück zum Zitat Farber D, Petters M (ed) (2016) Climate change law. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton Farber D, Petters M (ed) (2016) Climate change law. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton
Zurück zum Zitat Gaines S (2016) International law and institutions for climate change. In: Sarnoff J (ed) Research handbook on intellectual property and climate change. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton, pp 33–53 Gaines S (2016) International law and institutions for climate change. In: Sarnoff J (ed) Research handbook on intellectual property and climate change. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton, pp 33–53
Zurück zum Zitat Gastelumendi J, Gnittke I (2017) Climate finance (article 9). In: Klein D et al (eds) The Paris agreement on climate change: analysis and commentary. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 239–257 Gastelumendi J, Gnittke I (2017) Climate finance (article 9). In: Klein D et al (eds) The Paris agreement on climate change: analysis and commentary. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 239–257
Zurück zum Zitat Gore A (2017) An inconvenient sequel: truth to power. Rodale Books, New York Gore A (2017) An inconvenient sequel: truth to power. Rodale Books, New York
Zurück zum Zitat Klein D, Carazo MP, Doelle M, Bulmer J, Higham A (eds) (2017) The Paris Agreement on climate change: analysis and commentary. Oxford University Press, Oxford Klein D, Carazo MP, Doelle M, Bulmer J, Higham A (eds) (2017) The Paris Agreement on climate change: analysis and commentary. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Zurück zum Zitat Lane E (2011) Clean tech intellectual property: eco-marks, green patents, and green innovation. Oxford University Press, Oxford Lane E (2011) Clean tech intellectual property: eco-marks, green patents, and green innovation. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Zurück zum Zitat Maskus K, Okediji R (2014) Legal and economic perspectives on international technology transfer in environmentally sound technologies. In: Cimoli M, Dosi G, Maskus K, Okediji R, Reichman J, Stiglitz J (eds) Intellectual property rights: legal and economic challenges for development. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 392–414CrossRef Maskus K, Okediji R (2014) Legal and economic perspectives on international technology transfer in environmentally sound technologies. In: Cimoli M, Dosi G, Maskus K, Okediji R, Reichman J, Stiglitz J (eds) Intellectual property rights: legal and economic challenges for development. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 392–414CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Menell P, Tran S (eds) (2014) Intellectual property, innovation and the environment. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton Menell P, Tran S (eds) (2014) Intellectual property, innovation and the environment. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton
Zurück zum Zitat Moore C (2015) Special 301 hearing. National Association of Manufacturers, February Moore C (2015) Special 301 hearing. National Association of Manufacturers, February
Zurück zum Zitat Morales I (2017) Balancing intellectual property rights and clean technology development: encouraging cooperation. Houston J Health Law Policy 17:405–428 Morales I (2017) Balancing intellectual property rights and clean technology development: encouraging cooperation. Houston J Health Law Policy 17:405–428
Zurück zum Zitat Raiser K et al (2017) Corporatization of the climate? Innovation, intellectual property rights, and patents for climate change mitigation. Energ Res Soc Sci 27:1–8CrossRef Raiser K et al (2017) Corporatization of the climate? Innovation, intellectual property rights, and patents for climate change mitigation. Energ Res Soc Sci 27:1–8CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rimmer M (2011a) Intellectual property and climate change: inventing clean technologies. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton Rimmer M (2011a) Intellectual property and climate change: inventing clean technologies. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton
Zurück zum Zitat Rimmer M (2011b) A proposal for a clean technology directive: European patent law and climate change. J Renew Energy Law Policy 3:195–204 Rimmer M (2011b) A proposal for a clean technology directive: European patent law and climate change. J Renew Energy Law Policy 3:195–204
Zurück zum Zitat Rimmer M (2014) Intellectual property and global warming: fossil fuels and climate justice. In: David M, Halbert D (eds) The Sage handbook of intellectual property. Sage Publications, London, pp 727–753 Rimmer M (2014) Intellectual property and global warming: fossil fuels and climate justice. In: David M, Halbert D (eds) The Sage handbook of intellectual property. Sage Publications, London, pp 727–753
Zurück zum Zitat Rimmer M (2015) Mary Robinson’s declaration of climate justice: climate change, human rights, and fossil fuel divestment. In: Breakey H, Popovski V, Maguire R (eds) Ethical values and the integrity of the climate change regime. Ashgate, Farnham, Surrey, pp 189–212 Rimmer M (2015) Mary Robinson’s declaration of climate justice: climate change, human rights, and fossil fuel divestment. In: Breakey H, Popovski V, Maguire R (eds) Ethical values and the integrity of the climate change regime. Ashgate, Farnham, Surrey, pp 189–212
Zurück zum Zitat Rimmer M (2016a) Greenwashing the Trans-Pacific Partnership: fossil fuels, the environment, and climate change. Santa Clara J Int Law 14(2):488–542 Rimmer M (2016a) Greenwashing the Trans-Pacific Partnership: fossil fuels, the environment, and climate change. Santa Clara J Int Law 14(2):488–542
Zurück zum Zitat Rimmer M (2016b) Trade wars in the TRIPS council: intellectual property, technology transfer, and climate change. In: Delimatsis P (ed) Research handbook on climate change and trade law. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton, pp 200–229 Rimmer M (2016b) Trade wars in the TRIPS council: intellectual property, technology transfer, and climate change. In: Delimatsis P (ed) Research handbook on climate change and trade law. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton, pp 200–229
Zurück zum Zitat Rimmer M (2018) The alliance of small island states: intellectual property, cultural heritage, and climate change. In: Antons C, Logan W (eds) Intellectual property, cultural property and intangible cultural heritage. Routledge, Abingdon/New York, pp 102–132 Rimmer M (2018) The alliance of small island states: intellectual property, cultural heritage, and climate change. In: Antons C, Logan W (eds) Intellectual property, cultural property and intangible cultural heritage. Routledge, Abingdon/New York, pp 102–132
Zurück zum Zitat Sarnoff J (2016a) Introduction. In: Sarnoff J (ed) Research handbook on intellectual property and climate change. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton Sarnoff J (2016a) Introduction. In: Sarnoff J (ed) Research handbook on intellectual property and climate change. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton
Zurück zum Zitat Sarnoff J (2016b) Patents and climate change. In: Sarnoff J (ed) Research handbook on intellectual property and climate change. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton, pp 334–345 Sarnoff J (2016b) Patents and climate change. In: Sarnoff J (ed) Research handbook on intellectual property and climate change. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton, pp 334–345
Zurück zum Zitat Sarnoff J (ed) (2016c) Research handbook on intellectual property and climate change. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton Sarnoff J (ed) (2016c) Research handbook on intellectual property and climate change. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton
Zurück zum Zitat Shabalala D (2016) Intellectual property, climate change and development. WIPO J 8(1):64–74 Shabalala D (2016) Intellectual property, climate change and development. WIPO J 8(1):64–74
Zurück zum Zitat Stacey P, Hinchcliff Pearson S (2017) Made with creative commons. Crtl+Alt+Delete Books, Copenhagen Stacey P, Hinchcliff Pearson S (2017) Made with creative commons. Crtl+Alt+Delete Books, Copenhagen
Zurück zum Zitat The International Council on Human Rights Policy (2016) Beyond technology transfer: protecting human rights in a climate-constrained world. In: Sarnoff J (ed) Research handbook on intellectual property and climate change. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton, pp 126–157 The International Council on Human Rights Policy (2016) Beyond technology transfer: protecting human rights in a climate-constrained world. In: Sarnoff J (ed) Research handbook on intellectual property and climate change. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton, pp 126–157
Zurück zum Zitat Van Hoorebeek M, Onzivu W (2010) The Eco-Patent Commons and environmental technology transfer: implications for efforts to tackle climate change. Carbon Clim Law Rev 4(1):13–29 Van Hoorebeek M, Onzivu W (2010) The Eco-Patent Commons and environmental technology transfer: implications for efforts to tackle climate change. Carbon Clim Law Rev 4(1):13–29
Zurück zum Zitat Vance A (2015) Elon Musk: how the billionaire CEO of SpaceX and Tesla is shaping our future. Virgin Books, London Vance A (2015) Elon Musk: how the billionaire CEO of SpaceX and Tesla is shaping our future. Virgin Books, London
Zurück zum Zitat Weston B, Bollier D (2013), Green Governance: Ecological Survival, Human Rights, and the Law of the Commons, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Weston B, Bollier D (2013), Green Governance: Ecological Survival, Human Rights, and the Law of the Commons, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Zurück zum Zitat Zahar A, Peel J, Godden L (2013) Australian climate law in global context. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Zahar A, Peel J, Godden L (2013) Australian climate law in global context. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Zurück zum Zitat Zhuang W (2017) Intellectual property rights and climate change: interpreting the TRIPS Agreement for environmentally sound technologies. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRef Zhuang W (2017) Intellectual property rights and climate change: interpreting the TRIPS Agreement for environmentally sound technologies. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Copenhagen Accord 2009, UN Doc. FCCC/KP/CMP/2009/L.9 (18 December 2009) Copenhagen Accord 2009, UN Doc. FCCC/KP/CMP/2009/L.9 (18 December 2009)
Zurück zum Zitat Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1997, Opened for signature 16 March 1998, 2303 UNTS 148 (entered into force 16 February 2005) (‘Kyoto Protocol’) Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1997, Opened for signature 16 March 1998, 2303 UNTS 148 (entered into force 16 February 2005) (‘Kyoto Protocol’)
Zurück zum Zitat Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, opened for signature 15 April 1994, 1867 UNTS 3 (entered into force 1 January 1995) annex 1C (‘Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights’—TRIPS Agreement 1994) Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, opened for signature 15 April 1994, 1867 UNTS 3 (entered into force 1 January 1995) annex 1C (‘Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights’—TRIPS Agreement 1994)
Zurück zum Zitat Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, opened for signature 12 December 2015 (entered into force 4 November 2016) (in UNFCCC, Report of the Conference of the Parties on its Twenty-First Session, Addendum, UN Doc FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, 29 Jan 2016) Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, opened for signature 12 December 2015 (entered into force 4 November 2016) (in UNFCCC, Report of the Conference of the Parties on its Twenty-First Session, Addendum, UN Doc FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, 29 Jan 2016)
Zurück zum Zitat United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1992, Opened for signature 9 May 1992, 1771 UNTS 107 (entered into force 21 March 1994) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1992, Opened for signature 9 May 1992, 1771 UNTS 107 (entered into force 21 March 1994)
Metadaten
Titel
The Paris Agreement: Intellectual Property, Technology Transfer, and Climate Change
verfasst von
Matthew Rimmer
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Verlag
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2155-9_2