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2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. The Politics of Identity in Ukrainian Border Regions

verfasst von : Olga Filippova, Oleksandra Deineko

Erschienen in: The Accommodation of Regional and Ethno-cultural Diversity in Ukraine

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Das Kapitel vertieft sich in die komplizierte Dynamik der Identitätspolitik in den ukrainischen Grenzregionen und konzentriert sich insbesondere darauf, wie sich Bildungsreformen und Sprachpolitik auf den sozialen Zusammenhalt und die nationale Identität auswirken. Es beginnt damit, den theoretischen Rahmen zu skizzieren und die Identitätspolitik als ein vielschichtiges Konzept hervorzuheben, das soziale, kulturelle, wirtschaftliche und politische Beziehungen umfasst. Das Kapitel untersucht dann die Rolle der Bildung als Kanal zur Umsetzung von Identitätspolitik, wobei ein besonderer Schwerpunkt auf den jüngsten Änderungen des ukrainischen Bildungsgesetzes und des Sprachengesetzes 2019 liegt. Die empirischen Ergebnisse, die aus Fokusgruppen in den Regionen Charkiw und Czernowitz stammen, zeigen unterschiedliche Wahrnehmungen und Reaktionen von Lehrern, Eltern und Kindern auf diese Gesetzesänderungen. Die Analyse unterstreicht die Bedeutung von Flexibilität bei der Umsetzung dieser Reformen und die bedeutende Rolle nicht-institutionalisierter Akteure bei der Gestaltung von Identitätspolitik auf lokaler Ebene. Darüber hinaus wird in diesem Kapitel der Einfluss von Nachbarstaaten wie Rumänien auf die Identitätspolitik in den Grenzregionen der Ukraine diskutiert. Insgesamt vermittelt das Kapitel ein umfassendes und differenziertes Verständnis der Komplexität und Herausforderungen, die mit Identitätspolitik im Kontext der Bemühungen der Ukraine um Nationbuilding verbunden sind.

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Fußnoten
1
Christine Agius and Dean Keep, ‘The politics of identity: making and disrupting identity’, in The Politics of Identity: Place, Space and Discourse, eds Christine Agius and Dean Keep (Manchester University Press, 2018), 2.
 
2
For more on these issues in the Ukrainian context see overview in Ray Taras, Olga Filippova and Nelly Pobeda, ‘Ukraine's transnationals, far-away locals and xenophobes: the prospects for Europeanness’, Europe-Asia Studies 56:6 (2004), 835–836.
 
3
Several studies have examined the politics of identity as everyday practices emerging as response to various. See for example: Helen Berents, ‘Right(s) from the ground up: internal displacement, the urban periphery and belonging to the city’, in The Politics of Identity: Place, Space and Discourse, eds. Christine Agius and Dean Keep, 141–156 (Manchester University Press, 2018); Laura Portwood-Stacer, Lifestyle Politics and Radical Activism (New York: Bloomsbury, 2013).
 
4
Law of Ukraine ‘On Education’, https://​zakon.​rada.​gov.​ua/​laws/​show/​2145-19#Text (accessed 01 November 2020).
 
5
Law of Ukraine ‘On Ensuring the Functioning of Ukrainian as the State Language’, https://​zakon.​rada.​gov.​ua/​laws/​show/​2704-19#Text (accessed 03 November 2020).
 
6
Manuel Castells, The Power of Identity (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010).
 
7
For more detailed analysis on the identity politics scholarship see Mary Bernstein, ‘Identity Politics’, Annual Review of Sociology 31(2005): 47–74.
 
8
Frank Bechhofer, David McCrone, Richard Kiely, and Robert Stewart, ‘Constructing national Identity: arts and landed elites in Scotland, Sociology 33 (1999): 515–534, at 531.
 
9
Steph Lawler, Identity: Sociological Perspectives (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2014), 162.
 
10
Mary Bernstein, ‘Identity Politics’, Annual Review of Sociology 31(2005): 47–74.
 
11
See also Olga Filippova, ‘Politics of identity through school primers: discursive construction of legitimate image of state, nation and society in Soviet and independent Ukraine’, The Anthropology of East Europe Review: Central Europe, East Europe and Eurasia 27 (2009): 29–37; Olga Filippova, ‘Dimensions of Transnistrian identity in present-day political developments’, in Helena Rytövuori-Apunen, Helle Palu, Shushan Khatlamajyan, & Nina Iskandaryan (eds), Security and Development in a Complex Policy Environment: Perspectives from Moldova, Armenia, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan (Tampere Peace Research Institute, 2012), 35–52.
 
12
Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge (London: Penguin Press, 1971), p. 194); S. Lawler, Identity: Sociological Perspectives (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2014), 5–6).
 
13
Manuel Castells, The Power of Identity (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010).
 
14
Ibid., 22.
 
15
Ibid., 8.
 
16
Ibid., 8.
 
17
Antony Giddens, The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1984).
 
18
Christine Agius and Dean Keep, n. 2 supra, 2.
 
19
Ade Kearns and Ray Forrest, ‘Social cohesion and multilevel urban governance’, Urban Studies 37: 5–6 (2000): 995–1017.
 
20
Jane Jenson, Mapping Social Cohesion: The State of Canadian Research (Ottawa: Canadian Policy Research Networks, 1998).
 
21
Chan Joseph, H-P To and Elaine Chan, ‘Reconsidering social cohesion: Developing a definition and analytical framework for empirical research’, Social Indicators Research 75:2 (2006): 273–302.
 
22
For more about this issue see chapter by Marthe Myhre, Olena Muradyan and Oksana Nekhaenko in this volume.
 
23
Tatiana Zhurzhenko, ‘Divided nation? Reconsidering the role of identity politics in the Ukraine crisis’, Die Friedens-Warte 89–1/2(2014): 249.
 
24
For more about the ARDU project and its methodology, see the introductory chapter of this volume.
 
25
Interviews were conducted in the language preferred by the interviewee, with a mild request to use Russian in interviews in which Norwegian researchers without Ukrainian-language fluency participated. All interviews were coded in the Nvivo Pro 12 programme. Codes were elaborated in an iterative process based on the structure of the interview guide but allowing for refinement of the codes during the coding.
 
26
For more details about the specifics of hromadas amalgamation in Kharkiv and Chernivtsi regions, see the section ‘The case regions Kharkiv and Chernivtsi’, in the chapter by Aadne Aasland, Olga Filippova, Oleksandra Deineko and Ruslan Zaparozhchenko in this volume.
 
27
Law of Ukraine ‘On modification of the Law of Ukraine “On voluntary amalgamation of territorial hromadas” concerning voluntary accession of territorial hromadas of villages, settlements to territorial hromadas of the cities of regional significance and of republican significance of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea’ https://​zakon.​rada.​gov.​ua/​laws/​show/​2379-19#Text (accessed 01 March 2021).
 
28
The ARDU project has received ethical clearance from the Norwegian Centre for Research Data (NSD) confirming that the processing of personal data in the project complies with data protection legislation.
 
29
For more about ethno-cultural characteristics of these regions see the section ‘The case regions Kharkiv and Chernivtsi’, in the chapter by Aadne Aasland, Olga Filippova, Oleksandra Deineko and Ruslan Zaparozhchenko in this volume.
 
30
Ray Taras, Olga Filippova and Nelly Pobeda, n. 3 supra); Margrethe Søvik and Olga Filippova, ‘Images of languages and the politics of language and identity in Ukraine: the burden of the past and contestation in the present’, Ab Imperio 2(2005): 369–392; Paul S. Pirie, ‘National identity and politics in Southern and Eastern Ukraine’, Europe-Asia Studies 48 (1996): 1079–1104.
 
31
Nadiia Bureiko, Teodor Moga, Alexandra Gheorghiu & Bogdan-Constantin Ibănescu, ‘Between the home and kin-state: self-Identification and attachment of Ukrainians and Romanians in the Ukrainian–Romanian borderland of Bukovina’, Problems of Post-Communism 67(2020): 1–13, https://​doi.​org/​10.​1080/​10758216.​2020.​1734470, accessed 28 October 2020.
 
32
For details on this process see Tatiana Zhurzhenko, Borderlands into Bordered Lands: Geopolitics of Identity in post-Soviet Ukraine (Stuttgart: Ibidem Verlag, 2010).
 
33
On the concept of borderscape see Chiara Brambilla, ‘Exploring the critical potential of the borderscapes concept’, Ceopolitis 20 (2015): 14–34.
 
34
According to Art. 47 Law of Ukraine ‘On Education’, external independent assessment (in Ukrainian: ZNO) is the assessment of learning outcomes obtained by a person at a given level of education (here: general secondary education), conducted by a specially authorized state institution or organization.
 
35
The sociological study ‘Dynamics of patriotic moods of Ukrainians’, conducted in 2018 by the Sociological Group ‘Rating’ (Rating Group Ukraine), found that 6% of Ukrainians still identify themselves as Soviet people. These are mostly elderly people living mainly in the eastern and southern regions of Ukraine. See: Rating Group Resources Page, http://​ratinggroup.​ua/​files/​ratinggroup/​reg_​files/​rg_​patriotyzm_​082018.​pdf (accessed 06 November 2020).
 
36
Tatiana Zhurzhenko, ‘Divided nation? Reconsidering the role of identity politics in the Ukraine crisis’, Die Friedens-Warte 89–1/2(2014): 249.
 
37
Margareth Søvik and Olga Filippova, n. 30 supra; Tatiana Zhurzhenko, ‘Language politics in contemporary Ukraine: nationalism and identity formation’, in Questionable Returns, ed. Andrew Bove (Vienna: IWM Junior Visiting Fellows Conferences, 2002), 1–24.
 
38
John Gray & Tom Morton, Social Interaction and English Language Teacher Identity (Edinburgh University Press, 2018).
 
39
For more about this issue see the chapter 7 by Marthe Myhre, Olena Muradyan and Oksana Nekhaenko in this volume.
 
40
For details about the social cohesion axes, see chapter 6 by Aadne Aasland, Olga Filippova, Oleksandra Deineko and Ruslan Zaparozhchenko in this volume.
 
Metadaten
Titel
The Politics of Identity in Ukrainian Border Regions
verfasst von
Olga Filippova
Oleksandra Deineko
Copyright-Jahr
2021
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80971-3_8