Sie können Operatoren mit Ihrer Suchanfrage kombinieren, um diese noch präziser einzugrenzen. Klicken Sie auf den Suchoperator, um eine Erklärung seiner Funktionsweise anzuzeigen.
Findet Dokumente, in denen beide Begriffe in beliebiger Reihenfolge innerhalb von maximal n Worten zueinander stehen. Empfehlung: Wählen Sie zwischen 15 und 30 als maximale Wortanzahl (z.B. NEAR(hybrid, antrieb, 20)).
Findet Dokumente, in denen der Begriff in Wortvarianten vorkommt, wobei diese VOR, HINTER oder VOR und HINTER dem Suchbegriff anschließen können (z.B., leichtbau*, *leichtbau, *leichtbau*).
In diesem Kapitel werden die Ergebnisse des PRESORT-Projekts über die Verwendung von Daten Dritter durch die nationalen Straßenbehörden (NRB) vertieft. Es beginnt mit einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche, in der Schlüsselfragen wie Datenzugänglichkeit, Qualität, Interoperabilität und rechtliche Erwägungen identifiziert werden. Ein gezielter Fragebogen wurde verteilt, um Erkenntnisse von NRB und Datenanbietern zu sammeln, die die verwendeten Arten von Drittanbieterdaten, den Reifegrad der Organisationen bei der Nutzung dieser Daten und die verschiedenen Herausforderungen enthüllten. Das Kapitel hebt hervor, dass Sicherheit und Verkehrsmanagement die häufigsten Bereiche sind, in denen Daten von Drittanbietern genutzt werden. Die Befragten bewerteten auch den Reifegrad ihrer Organisation bei der Verwendung von Daten von Drittanbietern, wobei die meisten der Ansicht sind, dass ihre Systeme und Fähigkeiten bereit sind. Herausforderungen wie Bedenken hinsichtlich Datenschutz und Sicherheit, Zurückhaltung bei der Weitergabe von Daten, inkompatible Datenformate und Vertrauensprobleme wurden jedoch häufig angeführt. Das Kapitel schließt mit einer Skizze der breiten Palette von Herausforderungen, die weiterer Erforschung und Dokumentation bedürfen, und betont die Notwendigkeit von Konsultationen und Workshops mit Interessengruppen, um diese Probleme anzugehen und den Austausch von Daten zwischen verschiedenen Datenökosystemen zu fördern.
KI-Generiert
Diese Zusammenfassung des Fachinhalts wurde mit Hilfe von KI generiert.
Abstract
PRESORT is a research project funded by the Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR) through the CEDR Transnational Road Research Programme (Call 2022). The aim is to improve the use of third-party data by National Road Authorities (NRAs).
NRAs are seeing increasing levels of digitisation and are open to the potential opportunities through the utilisation of third-party data – that is, data aggregated from multiple sources – to support them in the delivery of their core business services in traffic management, asset management, and construction.
PRESORT will eventually deliver practical, implementable, easy to use online guide to support NRAs to make better decisions regarding HOW and WHEN to acquire and use third-party data, which will assist their core business activities.
The initial phase of this project involved capturing the current state of third-party data use by NRAs. Part of this phase explored the challenges and barriers NRAs face regarding use of third-party data through a literature review and engagement with data providers and crucially, the NRA end-users. This paper reports on the results of this engagement.
1 Introduction and Development of Questionnaire About NRA Use of Third-Party Data
Third-party data is aggregated or collated by a provider not involved in the original collection of the data. The data is then provided to a National Road Authorities (NRA).
PRESORT completed a broad literature review to understand current use of third-party data by NRAs. Given the nature of the subject, the search was restricted to identifying evidence from recent years – with over 280 separate articles discovered. This literature review provided the background to an online questionnaire designed to engage key individuals from NRAs and third-party data providers.
Anzeige
Prior reporting highlighted data accessibility, data quality, data interoperability, legal matters such as GDPR considerations, and a general lack of the skills required to address these issues. There appears to be limited or no data flow between three data eco-systems in the transport system – cooperative ITS, data for road safety, and road user charging.
2 Questionnaire Respondents
A questionnaire was sent out to 79 targeted individuals working in NRAs or data providers, as well as to stakeholder representatives and independent experts. Participants were also encouraged to forward the questionnaire to others whom they deemed appropriate. A total of 34 individuals completed the questionnaire.
The questionnaire contained 24 questions related to the current and future use of third-party data by NRAs, the risks and challenges of using such data, and the preparedness of NRAs and their workers. This paper provides a report about the challenges and barriers to third-party data use by NRAs.
Questionnaire respondents reported they worked across 16 different countries or regions, as shown in Fig. 1, and many worked globally or across multiple countries. The majority (22) work either for or on behalf of an NRA, and most (30) reported their organisation used third-party data.
Fig. 1.
Countries from which the questionnaire respondents operate.
3 Use of Third-Party Data by Questionnaire Respondents
Questionnaire respondents were also asked what type of third-party data they use. Their responses are summarised in Fig. 2, although it is worth noting this cannot be used as representative of the entire industry and only helps to qualify their other responses. However, it is a reflection of the types of third-party data that are available from data providers and partly a reflection of the previous demand for such data.
Fig. 2.
The types of third-party data used by the questionnaire respondents.
The questionnaire also asked respondents to rate their organisation’s maturity level in using third-party data. Generally, the respondents believed their organisation was mature (as shown in Fig. 3, their data management systems were ready, and the people in their organisations have the skills to use third-party data.
4 Challenges and Barriers to Third-Party Data Use by NRAs
Participants were asked what challenges there are to using third-party data. They were given several options to tick as well as the option to identify additional issues. Table 1 summarises the challenges and barriers identified by participants and a description of the issues.
Table 1.
Challenges and barriers to third-party data use by NRAs identified by questionnaire respondents.
Challenge
Description
Privacy and security
GDPR (and similar) apply if the data has not been anonymised. Anonymisation is reversible for very small datasets or sections
Data sharing
Parties may be reluctant to share data or have little incentive to share
Practical applications
A common issue is the existence of seemingly useful third-party data without a specific application. A solution in search of a problem
Incompatible data formats
This may result either from the data type, or from the method used to collect it, for example different timeslots, leading to the need for interpolation
Data maintenance
Use of third-party data relies on the third-party, with no control over its consistency or indeed continued availability
Trust
Many respondents identified trust in third-party data’s integrity and continuity as possible issues
User skills and training
Extra training will take time and resources away from the main functions of NRA.
Extra recruitment may be needed
Business models
Building the business case for the use of third-party data and investment needed to enable the use of third-party data
NRA culture
Uptake of new ideas can depend upon the culture within the organisation. The need for extra data may not be obvious to the relevant decision-makers
Data use restrictions
NRAs may want to re-use or re-purpose the data for other needs. Often there are restrictions on such activities
As can be seen in Fig. 4, Privacy or security was the most selected issue by respondents, although the small questionnaire sample size and characteristics of the respondents does not make this a quantifiable finding. Notably, the results of this question highlight the broad range of challenges to the use of third-party data for NRAs. Participants took the opportunity to highlight issues related to business models, NRA culture, and data use restrictions.
Fig. 4.
Histogram showing the challenges to third-party data use selected by questionnaire respondents.
A wide variety of national and international bodies have drawn up strategies and roadmaps for the coordination, promotion, and implementation of digital roads including the use of third-party data. For instance, the EU Data Strategy [1] includes the creation of common European data spaces in key sectors, including mobility. Data spaces bring together the governance and infrastructure to facilitate the pooling and sharing of data in a controlled and secure way. The first stage involves gathering and coordinating all data already available. The creation of NAPs (National Access Points) is a key part of the strategy. More aspects of this strategy, including the relevant actions, are detailed on the site EU Transport – Road web page [2].
Some notable strategies include:
The national vehicle authority in the Netherlands, RDW, have a three-pillar strategy [3]: innovation based on continuity; customised service, and collaboration in networks. This includes regard of ICT and connected and autonomous vehicles.
In Germany die Bundersregierung Strategy for Automated and Connected Driving [4] has objectives specific to connectivity. These are to remain a lead provider, to become a lead market, and to implement connectivity on the road network.
Belgium has separate strategies for Flanders and Wallonia.
In the UK, National Highways’ Digital Roads Strategy [5], involving construction and asset management and operation of the Strategic Roads Network (SRN) was announced in 2020. This includes the delivery of Digital Roads 2025, the relevant sections of which are Single view of the network, Every customer has an option (ECHO), and Enabling a connected and autonomous future.
EU-wide, the Network-Wide Road Safety Assessment Methodology [6] sets out the method to ascertain road network rating and ranking for all strategic roads throughout, specifying what data needs to be collected.
The EU-wide initiative Data For Road Safety [7] (DFRS) provides the dissemination of live information throughout the European Union and the UK.
There are also cross-border initiatives such as the C-Roads Platform [8] that may involve the use or third-party data. The C-Roads Platform brings authorities and operators together to harmonise the deployment of C-ITS across Europe. Objectives include the effective exchange of data.
6 Conclusion
Individuals working in relevant positions have highlighted a broad range of challenges to the use of third-party data by NRAs, which warrant further detailed exploration and documentation.
PRESORT will carry out consultations and workshops with stakeholders (NRAs and third-party suppliers) to explore data needs and use cases, as well as generating interest in data sharing between the C-ITS, data for road safety, and the road user charging data ecosystems. It will also identify the key technical, commercial, legal, and organisational challenges of NRAs and third-party data service providers with regards to acquisition, use, and maintenance of third-party data.
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the chapter's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
