16. The Reduction of CO₂ Emission into the Supply Network Design: A Review of Current Trends in Mathematical Models

The problem of global warming is attracting increasing attention in the academic and industrial world. Today a major portion of the population is aware that greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the main contributors to climate change. This article reviews current trends in CO₂ emission reductions in supply network design. This article focuses on mathematical models employed in supply network design that include environmental characteristics. Facility location and technology selection are important factors in supply design, and may determine the possible environmental damage and economic impact of a supply network. The CO₂ market appears as an interesting alternative for managing emissions using CO₂ credits. In the area of production, emphasis is placed on reducing emissions through efficient energy use and in the transport area through freight transport consolidation, and more efficient vehicle utilization.