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2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

The role of government and trust in the market economy

verfasst von : Nadja König, Ludger Schuknecht

Erschienen in: The Authority of EU Law

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

This paper studies the role of governments and its link to trust. We argue that the public’s trust strongly depends on governments delivering on their core tasks in a market economy. In some economies, a neglect of core tasks can be observed and there seems to be some erosion, notably in terms of securing sound rules of the game in industrialised countries. We find very little correlation between government expenditure and trust but a strong correlation with delivering on core tasks. This leads us to conclude that it is not government spending per se that needs to increase to build trust, but rather better focused government activities.

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Fußnoten
1
Böhm-Bawerk (1914), and Issing (2009).
 
2
Musgrave (1959), Buchanan (1975), and Friedman (1977).
 
3
These examples show in fact that the conceptual distinction between rules of the game and public goods that complement the rule-setting role of government is rather fluid. Good laws make no sense without police and justice. There can be no environmental protection without an agency to enforce it.
 
4
The Eurobarometer was established in 1974, but with only a very limited number of survey questions.
 
5
The rankings for all economies are benchmarked to June 2017. For more information see: http://​www.​doingbusiness.​org/​reports/​global-reports/​doing-business-2018. The report looks at different categories that impede or support businesses. In total ten sub-categories are evaluated: “starting a business”, “dealing with construction permits”, “getting electricity”, “registering property”, “getting credit”, “protecting minority investors”, “paying taxes”, “trading across borders”, “enforcing contracts”, “resolving insolvency”. The average value of the sub-categories determines a country’s rank. It is important to note that the methodology of “Doing Business” has changed since it was first published in 2004. Care should therefore be taken when interpreting the data.
 
6
Hayek (1960).
 
7
https://​www.​fraserinstitute.​org/​studies/​economic-freedom. This is one of five sub-indicators of the Economic Freedom of the World (EWA) Index. The other indicators are: Size of Government, Sound Money, Freedom to Trade Internationally and Regulation. Afonso et al. (2005) studied public sector performance and distinguished between “opportunity indicators” and “Standard Musgravian indicators”.
 
8
The LPI is a weighted average of country scores on six dimensions: Customs, Infrastructure, International Shipments; Logistics Competence, Tracking & Tracing and Timeliness.
 
9
Executive and legislative organs, financial, fiscal and external affairs; foreign economic aid; basic research; general public services; public debt transactions; transfers of a general character between different levels of the government.
 
10
For more detailed information see OECD (2017), Government at a Glance 2017.
 
11
However, as is also the case for infrastructure, cross-country comparisons on public spending on education are to be treated with caution as the share of public and private schools differs strongly across countries.
 
12
PISA assesses three categories: Maths, Reading and Science.
 
14
There is a large amount of literature on the potential damage of public debt. A negative link between high public debt and growth has been found by Pattillo et al. (2004) and Kumar and Woo (2010). Checherita-Westphal and Rother (2012) focus exclusively on the euro area and confirm that particularly high debt levels can have a detrimental impact on growth.
 
15
Pre-eastern enlargement economies are Austria, Germany, Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, Spain, Greece, Luxembourg and the United Kingdom. Eastern European economies include Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and Slovak Republic, Estonia and Latvia.
 
16
In light of this, it is also no surprise that relatively small and efficient governments in Switzerland, New Zealand and Canada fulfil their core functions reasonably well with moderately sized welfare states and public expenditure ratios around or below 40% of GDP (Tanzi and Schuknecht 2000). Some more inefficient European governments with big welfare states do less well, with public spending over 50% of GDP. Scandinavian countries are the exception, with big but effective public sectors, following significant reforms in recent decades.
 
17
There is some literature examining the implications of centralisation, with very mixed results at best. The abolition and merging of local communities and the effect on citizen participation has yielded little in terms of administrative efficiency while reducing participation and identification (Lassen and Serritzlew (2011), Blesse and Rösel (2017) and many more).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
The role of government and trust in the market economy
verfasst von
Nadja König
Ludger Schuknecht
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58841-3_30