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2. The Role of Moral Values in the Development of E-Business

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Abstract

The notion of ethics comes from the Greek language, from the noun “ethos”, which has the meaning of “character or habit, custom”. According to Crăciun (2004), business ethics is a current that originates in the North American society and in Romania, this area becomes of interest with the transition to a democratic, capitalist society.

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Fußnoten
1
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2
Crăciun, D., (2005). Business ethics. [eBook] Bucharest: Ase Publishing House Valid on: http://​www.​biblioteca-digitala.​ase.​ro/​biblioteca/​carte2.​asp?​id=​398&​idb=​ [Accessed on 01.11.2017]
 
4
Lewis, P.V. (1985). Defining “Business Ethics”: Like Nailing Jello to the Wall. Journal of Business Ethics [online], Vol. 4 (5), p. 377. Valid on: https://​link.​springer.​com/​article/​10.​1007%2FBF02388590 [Accessed on 01.11.2017]
 
5
Lewis, P.V. (1985) in Colang G.’s paper, (2013). What is business ethics. [Blog] A mental exercise. Valid on: http://​www.​georgecolang.​ro/​2012/​12/​ce-este-etica-in-afaceri/​ [Accessed on 01.11.2017]
 
6
Cowton, Ch., Crisp, R. (1998). Business Ethics. Perspectives on the Practice of Theory. Oxford University Press, p. 9.
 
7
Nash, L. (1990). Good Intentions Aside. A Manager’s Guide to Resolving Ethical Problems. Boston, Massachusetts, Harvard Business School Press, p. 5.
 
9
Ballet, J., and Bry, F. (2001), Ricoeur (1990) in Morar’s paper, V. (2012). Ethics and business. Elementary morality and social responsibility. p. 7 [pdf] Valid on: http://​www.​unibuc.​ro/​prof/​morar_​v/​docs/​res/​2012augetica_​si_​afacerile.​pdf [Accessed on 01.11.2017]
 
11
Romanian Magistrates’ Association (2007). The deontological code of magistrates. Application guide. Hamangiu Publishing House, Foreword.
 
12
Ibid. Romanian Magistrates’ Association (2007)
 
13
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14
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15
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16
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17
Ibid. Mureșan, V. (2011), p. 50
 
18
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19
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20
Ibid. Blanc, E. (2013).
 
21
Kant in Roșca’s paper, N.I., Missbach, C.S., Ion, G. (2007). Philosophy type B. Handbook for the 12th class. Corint Internațional Publishing House, p. 10.
 
22
Rousseau, J.J. (2015 edition). About social contract. [eBook], Bucharest: Nemira Publishing House.
 
24
Hoffman, M., W. (1986). What is necessary for moral corporate excellence? Journal of Business Ethics [pdf], No. 5. Valid on: http://​www.​bentley.​edu/​files/​2016/​02/​29/​21%20​-%20​What%20​is%20​Necessary%20​for%20​Corporate.​.​.​.​pdf [Accessed on 07.11.2017]
 
25
Dexonline. Valid on: https://​dexonline.​net/​definitie-moralitate [Accessed on 07.11.2017]
 
26
Dexonline. Valid on: https://​dexonline.​net/​definitie-etica [Accessed on 07.11.2017]
 
27
Brown, S.A. (2014). Conceptualizing digital literacies and digital ethics for sustainability education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education [online], Vol. 15(3), pp. 280–290. Valid on: http://​dx.​doi.​org/​10.​1108/​IJSHE-08-2012-0078 [Accessed on 08.11.2017]
 
28
Sullins J. (2016). Information Technology and Moral Values. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2016 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed). Valid on: https://​plato.​stanford.​edu/​archives/​spr2016/​entries/​it-moral-values/​ [Accessed on 08.11.2017]
 
29
Ibid. Sullins J. (2016).
 
30
Lessig, L. (1999). Code and Other Values of Cyberspace. New York: Basic Books in Sullins J.’s paper (2016). Information Technology and Moral Values. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2016 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed). Valid on: https://​plato.​stanford.​edu/​archives/​spr2016/​entries/​it-moral-values/​ [Accessed on 08.11.2017]
 
31
Hasselbalch, G. (2016). Ethics for the Digital Era. Valid on: https://​dataethics.​eu/​en/​a-new-ethics-for-the-digital-age/​. [Accessed on 09.11.2017]
 
32
Ibid. Hasselbalch, G. (2016).
 
33
Ibid. Sullins J. (2016).
 
34
European Data Protection and Personal Data Protection Authority in community institutions and bodies, p. 2. Valid on: https://​edps.​europa.​eu/​sites/​edp/​files/​publication/​brochure_​2009_​ro.​pdf [Accessed on 13.11.2017]
 
35
European Data Protection and Personal Data Protection Authority in community institutions and bodies, p. 3. Valid on: https://​edps.​europa.​eu/​sites/​edp/​files/​publication/​brochure_​2009_​ro.​pdf [Accessed on 13.11.2017]
 
36
European Data Protection Supervisor (2015). Towards a New Digital Ethics. Data, dignity and technology. p. 10. Valid on: https://​edps.​europa.​eu/​sites/​edp/​files/​publication/​15-09-11_​data_​ethics_​en.​pdf [Accessed on 13.11.2017]
 
37
European Data Protection Supervisor (2015). Towards a New Digital Ethics. Data, dignity and technology. p. 11. Valid on: https://​edps.​europa.​eu/​sites/​edp/​files/​publication/​15-09-11_​data_​ethics_​en.​pdf [Accessed on 13.11.2017]
 
38
European Data Protection Supervisor (2015). Towards a New Digital Ethics. Data, dignity and technology. p. 12. Valid on: https://​edps.​europa.​eu/​sites/​edp/​files/​publication/​15-09-11_​data_​ethics_​en.​pdf [Accessed on 13.11.2017]
 
39
Ibid. Hasselbalch, G. (2016).
 
40
Ibid. Hasselbalch, G. (2016).
 
41
European Data Protection Supervisor (2015). Towards a New Digital Ethics. Data, dignity and technology. p. 11. Valid on: https://​edps.​europa.​eu/​sites/​edp/​files/​publication/​15-09-11_​data_​ethics_​en.​pdf [Accessed on 13.11.2017]
 
42
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43
Ibid. Sullins J. (2016).
 
44
Ibid. Sullins J. (2016).
 
45
Weckert, J. in Cavalier, Robert J.’s paper (2005). The Impact of the Internet On Our Moral Lives. [eBook] New York: State University of New York Press, p. 106. Valid on: https://​goo.​gl/​d5LQ5j [Accessed on 09.11.2017]
 
46
Ibid. Weckert, J. in Cavalier, Robert J.’s paper (2005).
 
47
Winch, G., Joyce, P. (2006). Exploring the dynamics of building, and losing, consumer trust in B2C eBusiness. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management [online], Vol. 34(7), pp. 541–555. Valid on: www.​emeraldinsight.​com/​0959-0552.​htm [Accessed on 10.11.2017]
 
48
Hulsey, J.D. (2010). Are e-businesses trustworthy? Dissertation, Capella University: Proquest LLC.
 
49
Kautonen, T. (2001). Trust and New Technologies: Marketing and Management on the Internet and Mobile Media. [eBook] Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, p. 4. Valid on: https://​goo.​gl/​mbsAnF [Accessed on 13.11.2017]
 
50
Pratminingsih, S.A. et al. (2013). Factors Influencing Customer Loyalty Toward Online Shopping. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance [pdf], Vol. 4(3), p. 105. Valid on: http://​www.​ijtef.​org/​papers/​268-CF3004.​pdf [Accessed on 15.11.2017]
 
51
Ismail, M. A., Safa, N. S. (2014). Trust, Satisfaction, and Loyalty Formation in Electronic Commerce. Journal of Industrial and Intelligent Information [pdf] Vol. 2(3), p. 229. Valid on http://​www.​jiii.​org/​uploadfile/​2014/​0514/​2014051405180257​3.​pdf [Accessed on 15.11.2017]
 
52
Gefen, D., Rao, V. S., Tractinsky, N. (2003). The Conceptualization of Trust, Risk and Their Relationship in Electronic Commerce: The Need for Clarifications. Published in “Proceedings of the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences”, p. 6. Valid on: http://​www.​academia.​edu/​32843116/​The_​Conceptualizatio​n_​of_​Trust_​Risk_​and_​Their_​Relationship_​in_​Electronic_​Commerce_​The_​Need_​for_​Clarifications [Accessed on 16.11.2017]
 
53
Davis, F.D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly [pdf], Vol. 13(3), p. 320. Valid on: https://​pdfs.​semanticscholar.​org/​3969/​e582e68e418a2b79​c604cd35d5d81de9​b35d.​pdf [Accessed on 16.11.2017]
 
54
Al-Mehmadi, S. (2012). TTF and TAM in Online Shopping: An Integrated Model. International Journal of Management and Marketing Academy [pdf], Vol. 1(2), pp. 106–125. Valid on: http://​www.​marcomacademy.​co.​uk/​wp-content/​uploads/​2015/​12/​TTF-and-TAM-in-Online-Shopping-An-Integrated-Model.​pdf [Accessed on 17.11.2017]
 
55
Løck, S. (2016). Ethics and trust are key parameters. Now to the how. Valid on: https://​dataethics.​eu/​en/​etik-og-tillid-er-digitale-noegleparametre-nu-til-hvordan-2/​ [Accessed on 09.11.2017]
 
56
Kautonen, T. (2001).Trust and New Technologies: Marketing and Management on the Internet and Mobile Media. [eBook] Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, p. 111. Valid on: https://​goo.​gl/​mbsAnF [Accessed on 10.11.2017]
 
57
Ibid. Kautonen, T. (2001), p. 117.
 
61
Garnik, I., Basińska, B. (2013). Online Stores Credibility: the Moderating Role of Customers’ Gender and Self-efficacy. Warsaw, Poland [online]: MIDI 2013 Conference, p. 2. Valid on: https://​repin.​pjwstk.​edu.​pl/​xmlui/​bitstream/​handle/​186319/​147/​MIDI_​Garnik_​Basinska.​pdf?​sequence=​1 [Accessed on 14.11.2013]
 
62
Ibid. Garnik, I., Basińska, B. (2013).
 
63
Flanagin, A.J. et al. (2014). Mitigating risk in ecommerce transactions: perceptions of information credibility and the role of user-generated ratings in product quality and purchase intention. Electronic Commerce Research [online], Vol. 14(1), p. 2. Valid on: https://​escholarship.​org/​uc/​item/​21m9s51p [Accessed on 14.11.2017]
 
64
Brown, J., Broderick, A.J., Lee, N. (2010). Word of Mouth Communication Within Online Communities: Conceptualizing the Online Social Network. Journal of Interactive Marketing [pdf], Vol. 21(3), p. 3. Valid on: http://​citeseerx.​ist.​psu.​edu/​viewdoc/​download?​doi=​10.​1.​1.​470.​5000&​rep=​rep1&​type=​pdf [Accessed on 14.11.2017]
 
65
Breitsohl, J., Khammash, M., Griffiths, G. (2010). E-business complaint management: perceptions and perspectives of online credibility. Journal of Enterprise Information Management [online], Vol. 23(5), p. 653. Valid on: http://​www.​emeraldinsight.​com/​loi/​jeim [Accessed on 13.11.2017]
 
66
Willemsen, L.M., Neijens, P.C., Bronner, F. (2012). The Ironic Effect of Source Identification on the Perceived Credibility of Online Product Reviewers. Journal of Computed-Mediated Communication [online], Vol. 18(1). Valid on: http://​onlinelibrary.​wiley.​com/​doi/​10.​1111/​j.​1083-6101.​2012.​01598.​x/​full [Accessed on 14.11.2017]
 
67
Ibid. Flanagin, A.J. et al. (2014).
 
68
Shah, A.A., Ravana, S.D. (2014). Evaluating Information Credibility of Digital Content using Hybrid Approach. International Journal of Information Systems and Engineering [online], Vol. 2(1), pp. 95–96. Valid on: https://​goo.​gl/​MyYMJL [Accessed on 15.11.2017]
 
69
Ibid. Shah, A.A., Ravana, S.D. (2014), p. 94.
 
70
Diacon, P.-E., Donici, G.-A. (2013). Increasing Market Transparency: the Role of the Internet and E-commerce. Center for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University [pdf], Vol. 5(2), p. 193. Valid on: http://​ceswp.​uaic.​ro/​articles/​CESWP2013_​V2_​DIA.​pdf [Accessed on 20.11.2017]
 
71
De Jong, M. (2017). Wholesale 2017: the Threat of Transparency in the Business-to-Business Marketplace. Valid on: https://​ytec.​nl/​media/​whitepaper_​wholesale.​pdf?​v=​2017 [Accessed on 21.11.2017]
 
72
Ibid. De Jong, M. (2017).
 
75
Aaker, D. (2005). Capital management of a brand. Bucharest: Brandbuilders Group, p. 64
 
76
Ibid. Aaker, D. (2005), pp. 65–67.
 
77
Bashar, A., Wasiq, M. (2013). E-satisfaction and E-loyalty of Consumers Shopping Online. Global Sci-Tech, Vol. 5(1), p. 8. Valid on: https://​goo.​gl/​UB1zb3 [Accessed on 19.11.2017]
 
78
Ibid. Bashar, A., Wasiq, M. (2013).
 
79
Pratminingsih, S. A., Lipuringtyas, C., Rimenta, T. (2013). Factors Influencing Customer Loyalty Toward Online Shopping. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance [pdf], Vol. 4(3), p. 105. Valid on: http://​www.​ijtef.​org/​papers/​268-CF3004.​pdf, [Accessed on 15.11.2017]
 
80
Jiang, L. et al. (2015). Customer-perceived value and loyalty: how do key service quality dimensions matter in the context of B2C e-commerce? Serv Bus, Vol. 10, pp. 301–317.
 
81
Ibid. Bashar, A., Wasiq, M. (2013).
 
82
Bashkar, P. P., Kumar, P. (2015). E-loyalty and E-satisfaction of E-commerce. Journal of Management and Social Sciences [online], Vol. 3(11), p. 489. Valid on: https://​www.​researchgate.​net/​publication/​285592536_​E-LOYALTY_​AND_​E-SATISFACTION_​of_​E-commerce [Accessed on 15.11.2017]
 
83
Ibid. Bashkar, P. P., Kumar, P. (2015).
 
84
Palmer, D. E. (2010). Ethical Issues in E-Business: Models and Frameworks. [eBook] New York: Business Science Reference p. 10. Valid on: https://​goo.​gl/​DR441d [Accessed on 16.11.2017]
 
85
Ibid. Palmer, D. E. (2010), p. 11.
 
86
Ibid. Palmer, D. E. (2010), p. 12.
 
87
Fang et al. (2016). Consumer Heterogeneity, Perceived Value, and Repurchase Decision-Making in Online Shopping. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, Vol. 17(2), pp. 116–131.
 
88
Pouloudi, A. (2003). A Societal perspective on e-business adoption. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society [online], Vol. 1(3), pp. 149–166. Valid on: http://​dx.​doi.​org/​10.​1108/​1477996038000023​3 [Accessed on 19.01.2017]
 
89
Bordonaba-Juste, V. Et al. (2012). The influence of organizational factors on e-business use: analysis of firm size. Marketing Intelligence & Planning [online], Vol. 30(2), pp. 212–229. Valid on: http://​dx.​doi.​org [Accessed on 19.01.2017]
 
90
Taylor, M., Murphy, A. (2004). SMEs and e-business. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development [online], Vol. 11(3), pp. 280–289. Valid on: http://​dx.​doi.​org/​10.​1108/​1462600041055154​6 [Accessed on 19.01.2017]
 
91
Nicholas, D. et al. (2003). Digital information consumers, players and purchasers: information seeking behaviour in the new digital interactive environment. Aslib Proceedings [online], Vol. 55(1/2), pp. 23–31. Valid on: http://​dx.​doi.​org/​10.​1108/​0001253031046268​9 [Accessed on 19.01.2017]
 
92
Van Belleghem, S. (2016). How the digital world is shaping the modern consumer. Strategic Direction [online], Vol. 32(5), pp. 1–2. Valid on: http://​dx.​doi.​org/​10.​1108/​SD-02-2016-0026 [Accessed on 19.01.2017]
 
93
Ma, Y.J., Lee, H.-H. (2014). Consumer responses toward online review manipulation. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing [online], Vol. 8(3), pp. 224–244. Valid on: http://​dx.​doi.​org/​10.​1108/​JRIM-04-2013-0022
 
94
Zohar, D., Marshall, I. (2005). Spiritual Capital: The wealth we can live. Ed. Berret-Koehler Publishers Inc., San Francisco, p. 30.
 
95
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96
Berger, L., P., Hefner, W., R. (2003). Spiritual capital in comparative perspective. [pdf] Proceedings of Conference Spiritual Capital: A New Interdisciplinary Field, Cambridge, MA, October 2003. Valid on: http://​www.​metanexus.​net/​archive/​spiritualcapital​researchprogram/​pdf/​Berger.​pdf [Accessed on 20.01.2017]
 
97
Finke, R. (2002). Spiritual Capital: Definitions, Applications, and New Frontiers. Spiritual Capital Planning Meeting [pdf], October 10–11, 2003. Valid on: http://​www.​metanexus.​net/​archive/​spiritualcapital​researchprogram/​pdf/​finke.​pdf [Accessed on 20.01.2017]
 
98
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99
Dobrea, R.C., Cicea, C. (2014). Investment management. ID course support, ASE Bucharest, p. 48.
 
100
Malloch, R.T. (2003). Social, Human and Spiritual Capital in Economic Development. [pdf] Templeton Foundation, Working Group of the Spiritual Capital Project Harvard University, pp. 2–10. Valid on: http://​www.​metanexus.​net/​archive/​spiritualcapital​researchprogram/​pdf/​malloch.​pdf [Accessed on 20.01.2017]
 
101
Ibid. Malloch, R.T. (2003).
 
102
Woodberry, R. (2005). Researching Spiritual Capital: Promises and Pitfalls. Spiritual Information [pdf], Templeton Publishing, Editor: Charles L. Harper, Jr., pp. 12–19. Valid on: http://​www.​metanexus.​net/​archive/​spiritualcapital​researchprogram/​pdf/​woodberry.​pdf [Accessed on 20.01.2017]
 
103
Zohar, D. (2010). Exploring Spiritual Capital: An Interview with Danah Zohar. Spirituality in Higher Education Newsletter [pdf], Vol. 5(6), p. 3. Valid on: http://​spirituality.​ucla.​edu/​docs/​newsletters/​5/​Issue_​5/​Zohar_​Final.​pdf [Accessed on 20.01.2017]
 
104
Liu, A., (2008). Measuring Spiritual Capital as a latent variable. The RM Institute [pdf]. Valid on: https://​pdfs.​semanticscholar.​org/​bb3e/​9dbb1eae972ad363​914e126af6563ece​e4e4.​pdf. [Accessed on 20.01.2017]
 
105
Palmer, D.A., Wong, M. (2013). Clarifying the Concept of Spiritual Capital. In: Conference on the Social Scientific Study of Religion [pdf]. Chinese University of Hong Kong. Valid on: http://​www.​socsc.​hku.​hk/​ExCEL3/​wp-content/​uploads/​2014/​05/​Concept-of-Spiritual-Capital.​pdf [Accessed on 20.01.2017]
 
106
Gavrilă, I., Nițescu, D., Ghiță, T., Popescu, C. (2006). Economy. Economică Publishing House [pdf], p. 43. Valid on: https://​paideiacab.​files.​wordpress.​com/​2013/​09/​manual-de-economie-ed-economica.​pdf [Accessed on 21.01.2017]
 
107
Coșea, M. (1995). Economy manual. Economică Publishing House [pdf], p. 42. Valid on: http://​file.​ucdc.​ro/​cursuri/​D_​1_​N18_​Economie_​Politica_​Cosea_​Mircea.​pdf. [Accessed on 21.01.2017]
 
108
Dexonline. Valid on: https://​dexonline.​ro/​definitie/​capital [Accessed on 21.01.2017]
 
109
Ibid. Dexonline.
 
110
Tirole-Gravend, X. (2015). Quid le spirituel? Généalogie et tour d’horizon euro-américain, p. 23. În: Le Fustec, C., Storey, J., Storey, F. (2015). Théoriser le spirituel. Approches transdisciplinaires de la spiritualité dans les arts et les sciences. [eBook] Bruxelles: E M E & InterCommunications. Valid on: https://​www.​academia.​edu/​12815810/​Quid_​le_​spirituel_​G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogie_​et_​tour_​d_​horizon_​euro-am%C3%A9ricain [Accessed on 22.01.2017]
 
111
Ibid. Tirole-Gravend, X. (2015), pp. 24–26.
 
112
Gillett, D. (2008). Noble Enterprise: The commonsense guide to uplifting people and profits. [eBook] New York: Cosimo Publications, p. 12. Valid on: goo.​gl/​sFFu33 [Accessed on 22.01.2017]
 
113
Ibid. Gillett, D. (2008), p. 32.
 
114
Ibid. Gillett, D. (2008), p. 32.
 
115
Magnin, T. (2011). L’expérience de l’incomplétude: Le scientifique et le théologien en quête d’Origine. Lethielleux Groupe DDB.
 
116
Apophatism. Valid on: https://​ro.​orthodoxwiki.​org/​Apofatism [Accessed on 22.01.2017]
 
117
Ibid. Magnin, T. (2011).
 
118
Agnosticism. Valid on: https://​www.​gotquestions.​org/​Romana/​agnosticismul.​html [Accessed on 22.01.2017]
 
119
Dexoline. Valid on: https://​dexonline.​ro/​definitie/​Maini [Accessed on 22.01.2017]
 
120
Ibid. Gillet D. (2008).
 
121
Ibid. Gillet D. (2008).
 
122
Ibid. Saberi, R. (2010).
 
123
Kapoor, A., Kulshrestha, C. (2009). Consumers’ perceptions: an analytical study of influence of consumer emotions and response. Direct Marketing: An International Journal [online], Vol. 3(3). Valid on: http://​dx.​doi.​org/​10.​1108/​1750593091098513​4 [Accessed on 20.01.2017]
 
124
European SPES Institute. Spirituality in economics and society. Valid on: http://​eurospes.​org/​ [Accessed on 23.01.2017]
 
125
Bouckaert, L. (2012). Spirituality and Business: An Interdisciplinary Overview. Society and Economy [pdf], Vol. 34(3), pp. 489–514. Valid on: http://​eurospes.​org/​sites/​default/​files/​papers/​bouckaert_​and_​zsolnai_​spiritulity_​and_​business_​-_​a_​systemic_​overview.​pdf [Accessed on 24.01.2017]
 
126
Bouckaert, L. (2014). Spiritual discernment in decision making. Economic Culture [pdf], No. 88, p. 10. Valid on: http://​eurospes.​org/​sites/​default/​files/​pdf/​book%20​samples/​ce88_​final.​pdf [Accessed on 24.01.2017]
 
127
Galupa, G. (2004). Microeconomic theory of economic agents. Cap. III. [eBook] Bucharest: ASE, p. 6. Valid on: http://​www.​biblioteca-digitala.​ase.​ro/​biblioteca/​pagina2.​asp?​id=​cap3 [Accessed on 24.01.2017]
 
128
Homo oeconomicus. Valid on: https://​dexonline.​ro/​definitie/​homo [Accessed on 24.01.2017]
 
129
Homo oeconomicus. Valid on: http://​www.​economist.​com/​node/​3839749 [Accessed on 24.01.2017]
 
130
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Metadaten
Titel
The Role of Moral Values in the Development of E-Business
verfasst von
Ioana Bucur-Teodorescu
Copyright-Jahr
2021
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32965-5_2