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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

20. The Twenty-First-Century Tongan Fale: The Emergence of Fale Puha, Fale ‘Amelika and Fale Tufitufi

verfasst von : Charmaine ‘Ilaiū Talei

Erschienen in: The Handbook of Contemporary Indigenous Architecture

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

The classical Tongan fale (The Tongan term fale describes a building for human habitation.) constructed in the capsular plan with elliptical roof form popular during the nineteenth century and into the mid-twentieth century has been described well (see Austin 1997; Vea 1985; Tuita 1988; Kaloni 1990, 1997; Potauaine 2006, 2010); however, there has been little research on the architectural developments of the fale in the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries (‘Ilaiū 2007, 2009, 2011). This chapter discusses the emergence of fale puha, fale ‘Amelika and fale tufitufi (Fale puha, fale ‘Amelika and fale tufitufiare terms coined by the author for description purposes.) as twenty-first-century Tongan house types.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Fale Samoa’s Extended Boundaries: Performing Place and Identity

Nächstes Kapitel Standing in Our Indigenous Ways and Beliefs: Designing Indigenous Architecture in North America over Four Decades

The Tongan term fale describes a building for human habitation.

Fale puha, fale ‘Amelika and fale tufitufi are terms coined by the author for description purposes.

This is a recently adopted term, loaned from the English term for ‘hut’, referring to the temporal and makeshift quality of craftsmanship.

Toli is a colloquial Tongan term and short form for toli ‘akau, which describes picking fruit from a tree.

A house with a gable roof structure.

A house built using rafters within the roof structure.

Tongan architects have commented that the faletolo (porch addition) may have been inspired by the European settlers’ timber cottages, while others suggest that the construction of a faletolo at the Royal Palace may have been a source of inspiration (Vea 2007).

The Tongan word tapa literally means ‘the border of’.

A term used by Tongan people to describe a building that has a temporary and makeshift quality.

The USA is considered the more ‘prestigious’ and ‘preferred’ of three ‘host’ countries to which Tongans Nations migrate (other countries are Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand) (Lee 2003: 23–24).

For further discussion of the concept of ‘slippages’, see Bhabha (1994: 86).

The term tufitufi means ‘to collect’ and in this chapter will be used to refer to the reclamation of building materials.

Reasons for return often include the desire to build a holiday home for themselves and their family remaining overseas, to begin a business or, as in the case in most situations, to retire in Tonga.

Ironically, using the damaged fitting to complete the set assisted to ‘disguise’ the reclaimed nature of the building materials.

The limestone platforms built by the early Tongans in ancient times.

Based on observations and discussions with transnational Tongans, their intention to retire in Tonga suggests this architectural phenomenon is just the cusp of further fale developments.

For example, in 2014, homeowner Petelō Vākē imported second-hand goods from the USA to sell in Tonga from his fale (designed as a shop). The profit would then fund the aforementioned masonry extension. In the transactions, other goods (including a pig) were exchanged. The pig was nurtured, possibly to hold a celebration at the completion of the project and to thank relatives for their assistance. Concurrently, Petelō filled the same container with yams, as a method to also reciprocate for a relative’s assistance on the project. Petelō also planned to export yams to the USA to cover the purchase of building materials for the family’s next fale project.

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Titel: The Twenty-First-Century Tongan Fale: The Emergence of Fale Puha, Fale ‘Amelika and Fale Tufitufi
verfasst von: Charmaine ‘Ilaiū Talei
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Buch: The Handbook of Contemporary Indigenous Architecture
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-6903-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-6904-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6904-8_26

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