4. The Urgency of Action

Air pollution is a critical global health threat, responsible for millions of premature deaths annually. It contributes to a wide range of health conditions, including respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases, and disproportionately affects vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and low-income communities. This chapter discusses the urgent need for action to address the health impacts of air pollution and its broader effects on climate change. It explores the intricate connections between air quality, public health, and social inequalities, emphasizing the importance of integrated mitigation strategies. The chapter concludes by highlighting the critical juncture we face and the opportunities for a healthier, more sustainable future through decisive action on air pollution and climate change.