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2011 | Buch

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Thermodynamics of Materials

verfasst von: Prof. Qing Jiang, Prof. Zi Wen

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

"Thermodynamics of Materials" introduces the basic underlying principles of thermodynamics as well as their applicability to the behavior of all classes of materials, while providing an integrated approach from macro- (or classical) thermodynamics to meso- and nanothermodynamics, and microscopic (or statistical) thermodynamics. The book is intended for scientists, engineers and graduate students in all fields involving materials science-related disciplines.

Both Dr. Qing Jiang and Dr. Zi Wen are professors at Jilin University.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics

Abstract

This chapter firstly looks back on the development of macroscopic thermodynamics during the last three hundred years and its historical contribution to the social evolvement. The present achievement and challenges are also discussed. To clearly understand the thermodynamic laws, the essential concepts of thermodynamics are defined and clarified. Further, the macroscopic thermodynamics of materials and the fundamental principles of four thermodynamics laws are introduced, which are the essential basis of the later chapters. The intrinsical relationships between these thermodynamics laws through a series of mathematical deductions are given, which additionally result in the acquirement of the most important physical amounts of materials.

Qing Jiang, Zi Wen

Chapter 2. Statistical Thermodynamics

Abstract

After the introduction of macroscopic thermodynamics of Chapter 1, the microscopic thermodynamics, or statistics thermodynamics, is introduced in this chapter. Three essential distribution functions of particles in statistics thermodynamics, namely, Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB), Bose-Einstein (BE), and Fermi-Dirac (FD) statistics, are described after introducing some basic concepts, such as energy levels, degeneracy and thermodynamic probability, distinguishability of particles, ways of arrangement of particles, etc. Based on the functions, the partition function is obtained, which results in achievements of all macroscopic thermodynamic functions. In addition, emphasis is given on the relationship between the macroscopic and microscopic functions and importance of microscopic functions related to essential physical meaning.

Qing Jiang, Zi Wen

Chapter 3. Heat Capacity, Entropy, and Nanothermodynamics

Abstract

Two important thermodynamic parameters of heat capacity and entropy, and the constitutions of them are extensively introduced where different ways to deduce the above amount and the corresponding mathematical and physical relationships presented in the above deductions are given. Based on these results and related messages shown in Chapters 1 and 2, the recent progress in thermodynamics for materials in nanometer size range — Nanothermodynamics — and several typical applications are present where the functions of the size-dependent functions of cohesire energy and entropy are recommended.

Qing Jiang, Zi Wen

Chapter 4. Phase Diagrams

Abstract

In this chapter, one of the most important applications of thermodynamics to materials, namely the phase diagram, is described based on the phase diagram thermodynamics as the physical basis of phase diagrams. The series of phase diagrams with different variables, different bonding natures, and distinct component numbers (one and two) are introduced in detail. In addition, recent extension and progress of thermodynamics in nanoscience and nanotechnology, such as size-dependent phase diagram and size-dependent band gap of semiconductor alloys, are also introduced.

Qing Jiang, Zi Wen

Chapter 5. Thermodynamics of Phase Transitions

Abstract

Understanding how to predict and describe the existence of these transitions, their characteristics and consequences for everyday phenomena is one of the more important roles of statistical and condensed matter physics. In this chapter, thermodynamics of phase transitions is described, which are ubiquitous in nature and are widely used to realize, improve or extend the materials properties. Examples include magnets, liquid crystals, superconductors, crystals, amorphous solids, and liquid condensation. These transitions occur between equilibrium states as functions of T,P,H _mag, r, etc.; and define the nature of the matters we deal with on a day-to-day basis.

Qing Jiang, Zi Wen

Chapter 6. Thermodynamics of Interfaces

Abstract

In this chapter, one important application field of thermodynamics in recent years, the thermodynamics of interfaces, is introduced. The bulk and size-dependent interface energy values, which include interface energy of solid-vapor, liquid-vapor, and solid-solid, are considered. Another important related phenomenon, interface stress, is also described and quantitatively modeled. Based on these quantitative results, several typical surface phenomena, such as crystal growth, surface reconstruction, adsorption, and surface phase transition, are analyzed. These results could benefit us to understand and utilize the interfaces or crystalline defects as tools for better materials properties. Also, the given data may promote the development of nanotechnology due to the large surface/volume ratio of nanomaterials.

Qing Jiang, Zi Wen

Backmatter

Titel: Thermodynamics of Materials
verfasst von: Prof. Qing Jiang
Prof. Zi Wen
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-14718-0
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-14717-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14718-0

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