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2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. To Dream an Impossible Dream: China’s Visions of Regional Order and the Implications for Japan

verfasst von : Xiaoyu Pu

Erschienen in: Japan and Asia’s Contested Order

Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

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Abstract

Unlike the historical East Asia, today’s East Asia has a different geopolitical landscape. The United States has maintained a strong military and diplomatic presence in the region. China is surrounded by several major powers or strong middle powers. China has demonstrated both the desire and potential capabilities to play a more active role in regional economic integration. China’s goals concerning regional security remain much more ambivalent. If China’s ultimate goal is to become a more influential co-leader in Asia, its aim might be compatible with those of other countries. If the “Chinese Dream” is to restore a Sino-centered order, it will remain an impossible dream. China and Japan are likely to remain both competitors and partners in the emerging order.

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Fußnoten
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7
Aaron L. Friedberg, “Ripe for Rivalry,” International Security, Vol. 18, No. 3 (1993), p. 5.
 
8
Richard K. Betts, “Wealth, Power, and Instability: East Asia and the United States after the Cold War,” International Security, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Winter 1993/94), pp. 34–77.
 
9
John J. Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2002).
 
10
David C. Kang. China rising: peace, power, and order in East Asia. Columbia University Press, 2008; Etel Solingen, Regional orders at century’s dawn: Global and domestic influences on grand strategy. Princeton University Press, 1998; T.J. Pempel. “Soft balancing, hedging, and institutional Darwinism: The economic-security nexus and East Asian regionalism.” Journal of East Asian Studies 10, no. 02 (2010): 209–238.
 
11
Pempel, “Soft balancing, hedging, and institutional Darwinism: The economic-security nexus and East Asian regionalism.”
 
12
Xiaoyu Pu, “Controversial Identity of a Rising China,” Chinese Journal of International Politics 10, no. 2 (2017): 131–49.
 
13
Yan Xuetong, “The Rise of China in Chinese Eyes,” Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 10, No. 26 (2001), pp. 33–39; Kang, “Getting Asia Wrong: The Need for New Analytical Frameworks,” pp. 57–85.
 
14
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15
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16
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17
Yan Xuetong. “Xun Zi’s thoughts on international politics and their implications.” The Chinese Journal of International Politics 2, no. 1 (2008): 135–165.
 
18
Yan, “From Keeping a Low Profile to Striving for Achievement.”
 
19
Yan Xuetong. How China Can Defeat America. New York Times. 2011 Nov 21–20.
 
20
Zhao Tingyang. “Rethinking Empire from a Chinese Concept ‘All-under-Heaven’ (Tian-xia).” Social Identities 12, no. 1 (2006): 29–41. Tianxia means “All-under-Heaven,” which is an ancient Chinese concept to conceptualize the earth, people’s hearts, and a world institution.
 
21
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22
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23
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24
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25
Robert G. Sutter, Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008), p. 72.
 
26
Kissinger, “The Future of U.S.-Chinese Relations,” p. 51.
 
27
John Mearsheimer, “The Gathering Storm: China’s Challenge to US Power in Asia.” Chinese Journal of International Politics 3.4(2010): 381–396.
 
28
Kenneth Lieberthal, and Jisi Wang, Addressing U.S.-China Strategic Distrust, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2012, p. 27.
 
29
Xinbo Wu. “The end of the silver lining: A Chinese view of the US Japanese alliance.” The Washington Quarterly 29, no. 1 (2005): 117–130.
 
30
Adam Liff, “China and the US Alliance System.” The China Quarterly, Vol. 233, (2018), pp. 137–165.
 
31
Cha, Victor D. “Powerplay: Origins of the U.S. Alliance System in Asia.” International Security 34.3(2009): 158–196.
 
32
For an analysis of China’s new diplomacy in the late 1990s, see: Evan S. Medeiros, and M. Taylor Fravel, “China’s New Diplomacy.” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 82, No. 6 (2003), pp. 22–35.
 
33
For the analysis of what China is not doing under Xi Jinping’s era, see: Jeffrey A. Bader, “A Framework for U.S. Policy toward China” (Brookings Institution, 2016), pp. 1–2: http://​www.​brookings.​edu/​~/​media/​research/​files/​papers/​2016/​03/​us-policy-toward-china-framework-bader/​us-china-policy-framework-bader.​pdf
 
34
Dingding Chen, Xiaoyu Pu, and Alastair Iain Johnston. “Debating China’s Assertiveness.” International Security 38, no. 3 (2013): 176–183.
 
35
Qin Yaqing. “Continuity through Change: Background Knowledge and China’s International Strategy.” Chinese Journal of International Politics 7.3(2014): 285–314.
 
36
Admittedly, there are competing visions of international order in China. See Randall Schweller and Xiaoyu Pu. “After Unipolarity: China’s visions of international order in an era of US decline.” International Security 36, no. 1 (2011): 41–72.
 
37
Charles L. Glaser, “A U.S.-China Grand Bargain?” International Security 39, no. 4 (2015): 49–90.
 
38
Stephen G. Brooks and William C. Wohlforth. “The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers in the Twenty-First Century: China’s Rise and the Fate of America’s Global Position.” International Security 40, no. 3 (Winter 2015/16): 7–53.
 
39
Michael Beckley, “China’s Century?” International Security 36, no. 3 (2011): 41–78.
 
40
Evelyn Goh, “The modes of China’s influence.” Asian Survey 54, no. 5 (2014): 825–848.
 
41
For the analysis of “Confucian traditions” in Chinese strategic culture, see: Huiyun Feng, Chinese Strategic Culture and Foreign Policy Decision-Making: Confucianism, Leadership and War (London; New York: Routledge, 2007).
 
42
Yuan-Kang Wang. Harmony and War: Confucian Culture and Chinese Power politics (Columbia University Press, 2010).
 
43
Yinan He, “History, Chinese nationalism and the emerging Sino–Japanese conflict.” Journal of Contemporary China 16, no. 50 (2007): 1–24.
 
44
Jessica Chen. Weiss, “Authoritarian signaling, mass audiences, and nationalist protest in China.” International Organization 67, no. 01 (2013): 1–35.
 
45
Jeremy Wallace and Jessica Chen Weiss. “The political geography of nationalist protest in China: Cities and the 2012 anti-Japanese protests.” The China Quarterly 222 (2015): 403–429.
 
46
Robert Sutter, China’s Rise in Asia: Promises and Perils (New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005), 125–153.
 
47
For instance, see: Evelyn Goh, “Great Powers and Hierarchical Order in Southeast Asia,” International Security, Vol. 32, No. 3 (2007), pp. 113–157.
 
48
Kang, “Getting Asia Wrong.” For a counterargument, see: Amitav Acharya, “Will Asia’s Past be its Future?” International Security, Vol. 28, No. 3 (2003), pp. 149–164.
 
49
For a comprehensive review of balance of power in East Asian order, see: Steve Chan, “An Odd Thing Happened On the Way to Balancing: East Asian States’ Reactions to China’s Rise,” International Studies Review, Vol. 12, No. 3 (2010), pp. 387–412.
 
50
Adam P. Liff. “Japan’s Defense Policy: Abe the Evolutionary.” The Washington Quarterly 38, no. 2 (2015): 79–99.
 
51
T. J. Pempel, “More Pax, Less Americana in Asia,” International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, Vol. 10, No. 3 (2010), pp. 465–490.
 
52
Kun Choi Jong, and Moon Chung-in, “Understanding Northeast Asian Regional Dynamics: Inventory Checking and New Discourses On Power, Interest, and Identity,” International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, Vol. 10, No. 2 (2010), pp. 343–372; T. J. Pempel, “More Pax, Less Americana in Asia,” International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, Vol. 10, No. 3 (2010), pp. 465–490.
 
53
David Kang, China Rising: Peace, Power and Order in East Asia.
 
54
John G. Ikenberry, “American Hegemony and East Asian Order.” Australian Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 58, No. 3 (2004), p. 354.
 
55
Victor D. Cha, “Powerplay,” International Security. Vol. 34, No. 3 (2009), pp. 158–196.
 
56
Sheila. A. Smith, Intimate Rivals, p. 21.
 
57
Nikkei Asian Review, “China offered Japan No. 2 post at new bank,” April 15, 2015, http://​asia.​nikkei.​com/​Japan-Update/​China-offered-Japan-No.​-2-post-at-new-bank
 
58
Nikkei Asian review, “Asia’s largest development banks will act in concert,” May 1, 2015, http://​asia.​nikkei.​com/​Politics-Economy/​International-Relations/​Asia-s-largest-development-banks-will-act-in-concert
 
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Metadaten
Titel
To Dream an Impossible Dream: China’s Visions of Regional Order and the Implications for Japan
verfasst von
Xiaoyu Pu
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Verlag
Springer Nature Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0256-5_4