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2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Transport and Logistics in a Globalizing World: An Appraisal

verfasst von : Ilaria Mariotti

Erschienen in: Transport and Logistics in a Globalizing World

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The globalization of the economy, together with the consumer-oriented economy, Internet-based information systems, the substantial reductions in trade barriers, tariffs and transportation costs, and the European Traffic Policy, have increased the amount of goods flows to be moved around the globe. This has generated growing demand for transport and logistics activities, which since the 1950s have changed greatly in order to respond to customers’ needs. Within this context, the present book investigates the interrelations between “transport and logistics” and “globalization” by analyzing the literature on these topics produced by various disciplines. This introductory chapter draws the boundaries of the book by presenting its aim, providing a definition of the key concepts: “transport and logistics industry” and “globalization”, and by briefly reviewing the contents of the chapters.

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Nächstes Kapitel Location Determinants of Transport and Logistics FDIs. A Focus on China and Italy

As it will be described in Sect. 1.4, the present book adopts a broad definition of the “transport and logistics” industry which refers to all codes included in 2002 NACE industry “I” “Transport, storage and communication”, with the exception of telecommunications.

For a review of the container revolution see Cudahy (2006) and Levinson (2006).

The key elements of flexible specialization are: (i) multi-purpose equipment and innovation, skilled labour with an innovative mentality, general purpose equipment to produce whatever is in demand; (ii) clusters of enterprises or small firm communities, the seedbeds for an exchange of ideas; (iii) interaction/networking the entire set of subcontracting relations and collaboration efforts among small enterprises and between smaller and larger ones; and (iv) collective efficiency, the result of the physical presence of other innovative producers (Piore and Sabel 1984).

JIT is a management approach which originated in Japan in the 1950s. It was subsequently adopted by Toyota and many Japanese manufacturing establishments with considerable success in improving productivity by eliminating waste (see, Schonberger 1996; McCann and Fingleton 1996; McCann 1998; Fujimoto 1999; Lai and Cheng 2009).

According to the Harvard Multinationals Project, developed during the 1960s under the supervision of Raymond Vernon, a MNE is a firm that engages in economic activity in at least six foreign countries (Ietto-Gillies 2005). In the present book the term MNE is used to denote a multiplant firm that has facilities in more than one country and therefore in more than one location.

According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD 1992), a TNC is a firm that engages in economic activities directly in at least two foreign countries (Ietto-Gillies 2005).

The findings of this book have been discussed in a Special Issue (Vol. 1 No. 3, 2008) of the Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, which collects several papers stemming from various disciplines.

Another classification has been proposed by Markusen et al. (1996), who identify the following four types of investment: (i) resource seeking; (ii) cost saving; (iii) market seeking; (iv) strategic asset seeking (see also Barba Navaretti and Venables 2004).

3PL activities are defined as “activities carried out by an external company on behalf of a shipper (or client) and (they) consists of at least the provision of management of multiple logistics services. These activities are offered in an integrated way, not on a stand-alone basis. The co-operation between the shipper and the external company is an intended continuous relationship (lasting for at least 1 year)” (European Commission 2000). Third-Party logistics providers (3PLs) undertake management, analytical and design activities associated with transport and warehousing, such as inventory management, information related activities, including tracking and tracing, as well as the value added activities of secondary assembly of products and supply chain management (Laarhoven et al. 2000).

When externalization is carried out, transport operators restructure themselves. They become larger and change into 3PLs or 4PLs by modifying their supply from single based services into an increasing number of high value added services (i.e. transport, storage, inventory management, tracking and tracing, packaging, labelling and secondary assembly of products) (Brewer et al. 2001; Elia et al. 2011).

See the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) developed by the World Bank in partnership with academic and international institutions, private companies and individuals engaged in international logistics. The LPI assesses the logistics performance of a country on the following six dimensions: (1) the efficiency of the clearance process, (2) quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure, (3) ease of organizing shipments at competitive prices, (4) quality of logistics services, (5) ability to track and trace shipments, and (6) frequency with which shipments reach the consignee within the time limit (see Arnold et al. 2010).

As stated by Maggi (2007), one of the first definitions of logistics was provided by Webster in 1963: “Logistics is the acquisition, maintenance and transport of materials, services and military personnel”.

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Titel: Transport and Logistics in a Globalizing World: An Appraisal
verfasst von: Ilaria Mariotti
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Transport and Logistics in a Globalizing World
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-00010-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-00011-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00011-4_1

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