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2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Tunisia’s Political Health

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Abstract

This chapter examines the “political” side of the political-economy equation. The pre- and post-revolution political variables are presented and brought up-to-date. In political economy, politics and economics are interdependent. The main focus of this chapter is on Tunisia’s political health and processes following the 2011 Jasmine Revolution. Some aspects of the other regional actors’ politics are brought into the analysis where relevant for comparative purposes.
The essence of Tunisia’s post-revolution political process is democratic evolution; to describe it more aptly, evolution after revolution. After the 2011 revolution expelled Ben Ali, the political processes for the evolving democracy have involved difficult negotiations among disputing parties, groups, and civil society; the challenging process of preparing the country for the first ever democratic elections; the seemingly impossible task of organizing a committee to revise the constitution; and all the while maintaining stability and security in the country during the most fragile and vulnerable stages of its post-revolution reformation, transitions, and political development. Tunisia’s complex political developments and processes are explained.

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Fußnoten
1
Jared Malsin, “Why Tunisians are Testifying about Horrific Tortures by the State,” Time, January 13, 2017: http://​time.​com/​4634622/​tunisia-truth-dignity-commission-zine-al-abidine-ben-ali/​
 
2
Rory McCarthy, Inside Tunisia’s Al-Nahda: Between Politics and Preaching (UK: Cambridge University Press, 2018), p. 171.
 
3
Ibid.
 
4
Ibid.
 
5
Ibid., p. 172.
 
6
Ibid., p. 173.
 
7
Ibid.
 
8
Ibid.
 
9
Ibid.
 
10
Ibid.
 
11
Ibid., p. 174.
 
12
Ibid.
 
13
Patrick Markey, and Aziz El Yaakoubi, “Tunisian Premier Resigns for Caretaker Government, Protests Hit South,” Reuters, January 9, 2014: https://​www.​reuters.​com/​article/​us-tunisias-pm-idUSBREA080MY201​40109
 
14
Wafa Ben-Hassine, “Tunisian Civil Society’s Unmistakable Role in Keeping the Peace,” The Atlantic Council, January 19, 2018: http://​www.​atlanticcouncil.​org/​blogs/​menasource/​tunisian-civil-society-s-unmistakable-role-in-keeping-the-peace
 
15
Ibid., emphasis added.
 
16
Masri, pp. 50–51.
 
17
Ibid., p. 51; also see Robin Wright, Rock the Casbah: Rage and Rebellion across the Islamic World (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2012).
 
18
Masri, p. 294.
 
19
Ben-Hassine, “Tunisian Civil Society’s Unmistakable Role in Keeping the Peace.”
 
20
Ibid., emphasis added.
 
21
“Tunisia’s Nobel Prize-Winning Trade Unions are Holding the Country Back,” The Economist, December 14, 2017: https://​www.​economist.​com/​middle-east-and-africa/​2017/​12/​14/​tunisias-nobel-prize-winning-trade-unions-are-holding-the-country-back
 
22
Ibid.
 
23
Ibid.
 
24
Ibid.
 
25
“Islamist-backed Candidate becomes First Woman Mayor of Tunis,” France24, July 3, 2018: http://​www.​france24.​com/​en/​20180703-islamist-backed-candidate-abderrahim-first-woman-mayor-tunis-tunisia
 
26
Ibid.
 
27
Ibid.
 
28
Safwan M. Masri, Tunisia: An Arab Anomaly (New York: Columbia University Press, 2017), p. xix.
 
29
Ibid., p. xxiii.
 
30
A Political Economy of the Middle East, fourth edition. Edited by Melani Cammett, Ishac Diwan, Alan Richards, and John Waterbury (Boulder: Westview Press, 2015), p. 103.
 
31
“Tunisia Country Profile,” BBC News, January 14, 2018: https://​www.​bbc.​com/​news/​world-africa-14107241
 
32
“Tunisia Still Has Some Way to go in Human Rights (Youssef Chahed),” Republic of Tunisia, Presidency of the Government Portal, December 12, 2018: http://​www.​pm.​gov.​tn/​pm/​actualites/​actualite.​php?​lang=​en&​id=​11421
 
33
Ibid.
 
34
Kenneth Roth, “Tunisia: Events of 2017,” Human Rights Watch, 2018: https://​www.​hrw.​org/​world-report/​2018/​country-chapters/​tunisia#
 
35
“Two Regulatory Decrees Related to Anti-Corruption Law to be Promulgated Shortly (Youssef Chahed),” Republic of Tunisia, Presidency of the Government Portal, December 8, 2018: http://​www.​pm.​gov.​tn/​pm/​actualites/​actualite.​php?​lang=​en&​id=​11419
 
36
Ibid.
 
37
Ibid.
 
38
Ibid.
 
39
Jaloul Ayed, “Tunisia and Egypt’s Revolutions and Transitions to Democracy: What is the Impact on the Arab World? What Lessons Can We Learn?” In Thomas W. Skladony, Peter Winston Fettner, and Alexandra Tohme (eds.), Conference Report, Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy (CSID) 12th Annual Conference, Washington, DC, April 15, 2011, p. 4.
 
40
Ibid.
 
41
Ibid.
 
42
Radwan Masmoudi, quoted in Conference Report, “Tunisia’s and Egypt’s Revolutions and Transitions to Democracy: What is the Impact on the Arab World? What Lessons can We Learn?” Edited by Thomas W. Skladony, Peter Winston Fettner, and Alexandra Tohmé. Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy (CSID) 12th Annual Conference, Washington, DC, April 15, 2011, p. 5.
 
43
Ibid.
 
44
“Strengthening Institutions in Tunisia,” International Crisis Group, January 31, 2018: https://​www.​crisisgroup.​org/​middle-east-north-africa/​north-africa/​tunisia/​strengthening-institutions-tunisia
 
46
Seumas Milne, “Tunisian Government has No Hidden Agendas, Says New Prime Minister,” The Guardian, April 2, 2013: http://​www.​guardian.​co.​uk/​world/​2013/​apr/​02/​tunisia-government-agenda-prime-minister
 
48
Ibid.
 
49
Ibid.
 
50
Ibid.
 
51
Ibid.
 
52
“Tunisia: Military Hunts Militants Near Algerian Border,” The New York Times, August 2, 2013: http://​www.​nytimes.​com/​2013/​08/​03/​world/​africa/​tunisia-military-hunts-militants-near-algerian-border.​html
 
53
“Tunisia: Islamist-Led Government Steps Down,” Wilson Center, January 9, 2014: https://​www.​wilsoncenter.​org/​article/​tunisia-islamist-led-government-steps-down
 
54
Ibid.
 
55
A Political Economy of the Middle East, p. 103.
 
56
Ibid.
 
57
Ibid.
 
59
Ibid.
 
60
Ibid.
 
61
Ibid.
 
62
Ibid.
 
63
Sarah Yerkes, “Young People are Staying Away from Tunisian Politics – Here’s Why,” Brookings, March 20, 2017: https://​www.​brookings.​edu/​blog/​markaz/​2017/​03/​20/​young-people-are-staying-away-from-tunisian-politics-heres-why/​
 
64
Ibid.
 
65
Ibid.
 
66
Youssef Cherif, “Tunisia’s Fledgling Gulf Relations,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, January 17, 2017: http://​carnegieendowmen​t.​org/​sada/​67703
 
67
Youssef Cherif, “Tunisia’s Foreign Policy: A Delicate Balance,” Atlantic Council, March 23, 2015: http://​www.​atlanticcouncil.​org/​blogs/​menasource/​tunisia-s-foreign-policy-a-delicate-balance
 
68
Ibid.
 
69
Marin Chulov, “Bahrain Destroys Pearl Roundabout,” The Guardian, March 18, 2011: https://​www.​theguardian.​com/​world/​2011/​mar/​18/​bahrain-destroys-pearl-roundabout
 
70
Cherif, “Tunisia’s Fledgling Gulf Relations.”
 
72
Cherif, “Tunisia’s Foreign Policy: A Delicate Balance.”
 
73
Ibid.
 
74
Andrew Miller, “Tunisia is One of the Arab World’s Biggest Success Stories. The Trump Administration Doesn’t Seem to Care,” The Washington Post, March 15, 2018: https://​www.​washingtonpost.​com/​news/​democracy-post/​wp/​2018/​03/​15/​tunisia-is-one-of-the-arab-worlds-biggest-success-stories-the-trump-administration-doesnt-seem-to-care/​?​utm_​term=​.​b7093a8b7040
 
75
Ibid.
 
76
Ibid.
 
77
“Political Tensions Rise in Tunisia ahead of 2019 Presidential Elections,” TRT World, September 28, 2018: https://​www.​trtworld.​com/​middle-east/​political-tensions-rise-in-tunisia-ahead-of-2019-presidential-elections-20454
 
78
Ibid.
 
79
Ibid.
 
80
Ibid.
 
81
Ibid.
 
82
Ibid.
 
83
Ibid.
 
84
Ibid.
 
85
Sarah Yerkes, and Zeineb Ben Yahmed, “Tunisians’ Revolutionary Goals Remain Unfulfilled,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, December 6, 2018: https://​carnegieendowmen​t.​org/​publications/​77894
 
86
Ibid.
 
87
Ibid.
 
88
Ibid.
 
89
Osman, “Why Border Lines Drawn with a Ruler in WWI Still Rock the Middle East,” BBC News.
 
90
Cherif, “Tunisia’s Foreign Policy: A Delicate Balance.”
 
91
Thomas Carothers, “Tunisia in Transition: A Comparative View,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, May 30, 2018: https://​carnegieendowmen​t.​org/​2018/​05/​30/​tunisia-in-transition-comparative-view-pub-76501
 
92
Ibid.
 
93
A list of Tunisia’s civil society organizations is provided at the end of this chapter.
 
94
Veronica Baker, “The Role of Civil Society in the Tunisian Democratic Transition,” Undergraduate Honors Thesis, University of Colorado – Boulder, 2015 (pp. 5–6): https://​scholar.​colorado.​edu/​cgi/​viewcontent.​cgi?​article=​2212&​context=​honr_​theses
 
Metadaten
Titel
Tunisia’s Political Health
verfasst von
Hayat Alvi
Copyright-Jahr
2019
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17050-9_4