Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Optical and Quantum Electronics
Erschienen in: Optical and Quantum Electronics 5/2019

01.05.2019

Ultra-compact low loss electro-optical nanobeam cavity modulator embedded photonic crystal

verfasst von: Behrang Hadian Siahkal-Mahalle, Kambiz Abedi

Erschienen in: Optical and Quantum Electronics | Ausgabe 5/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this paper, a hybrid electro-optical modulator based on a one-dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam cavity is proposed. The main component of the cavity builder is the indium–tin–oxide that is a transparent conductive oxide. The proposed structure is used to minimize optical losses and also to have a high-quality factor with a tunability from the distributed feedback system. The proposed modulator has a wide range of resonant tunable in a footprint of 1.892 μm2. This structure has the ability to shift the wavelength of 1.55 μm using a very small voltage 0.1 V. Simulation results show that the proposed structure has an insertion loss of 0.027 dB, extension ratio 3.484 dB, 119.89 GHz modulation speed, and 0.59 aJ/bit modulation energy. By comparing the proposed method parameters and other modulators based on the one-dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam cavity, a significant improvement in modulation voltage, insertion losses, energy consumption, and footprint have been observed.
Vorheriger Artikel Gate-tunable ReS2/MoTe2 heterojunction with high-performance photodetection
Nächster Artikel Study on mechanically alloyed tin telluride screen-printed films for optoelectronic device applications

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Literatur
Abb, M., Wang, Y., de Groot, C.H., Muskens, O.L.: Hotspotmediated ultrafast nonlinear control of multifrequency plasmonic nanoantennas. Nat. Commun. 5, 4869 (2014)CrossRef
Amin, R., Suer, C., Ma, Z., Sarpkaya, I., Khurgin, J.B., Agarwal, R., Sorger, V.J.: A deterministic guide for material and mode dependence of on-chip electro-optic modulator performance. Solid State Electron. 136, 92–101 (2017)ADSCrossRef
Amin, R., Suer, C., Ma, Z., Sarpkaya, I., Khurgin, J.B., Agarwal, R., Sorger, V.J.: Active material, optical mode and cavity impact on nanoscale electro-optic modulation performance. Nature 556, 483–486 (2018)CrossRef
Aouani, H., Rahmani, M., Navarro-Cía, M., Maier, S.A.: Thirdharmonic-upconversion enhancement from a single semiconductor nanoparticle coupled to a plasmonic antenna. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 290–294 (2014)ADSCrossRef
Ding, J., Ji, R., Zhang, L., Yang, L.: Electro-optical response analysis of a 40 Gb/s silicon Mach–Zehnder optical modulator. J. Lightwave Technol. 31, 2434–2440 (2013)ADSCrossRef
Dionne, J.A., Diest, K., Sweatlock, L.A., Atwater, H.A.: PlasMOStor: a metal–oxide–si field effect plasmonic modulator. Nano Lett. 9, 897–902 (2009)ADSCrossRef
Govindarajan, S., Bösckeb, T.S., Sivasubramani, P., KirschC, P.D., LeeD, B.H., Tseng, H.H., Jammyd, R.: Higher permittivity rare earth doped HfO2 for sub-45- metal–insulator–semiconductor devices. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 62906 (2007)CrossRef
Haffner, C., Heni, W., Fedoryshyn, Y., Niegemann, J., Melikyan, A., Elder, D.L., Baeuerle, B., Salamin, Y., Josten, A., Koch, U., Hoessbacher, C., Ducry, F., Juchli, L., Emboras, A., Hillerkuss, D., Kohl, M., Dalton, L.R., Hafner, C., Leuthold, J.: All plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator enabling optical high-speed communication at the microscale. Nat. Photonics 9, 525–528 (2015)ADSCrossRef
Hendrickson, J., Soref, R., Sweet, J., Buchwald, W.: Ultrasensitive silicon photonic-crystal nanobeam electro-optical modulator: design and simulation. Opt. Express 22, 3271–3283 (2014)ADSCrossRef
Huang, X.L., Zheng, C.T., Sun, C.L., Li, C.T., Wang, Y.D., Zhang, D.M.: Investigation on an ultra-compact Mach–Zehnder interferometer electro-optic switch using poled-polymer/silicon slot waveguide. Opt. Quantum Electron. 47, 3783–3803 (2015)CrossRef
Huang, L., Zhou, J., Sun, F., Fu, Z., Tian, H.: Optimization of one dimensional photonic crystal elliptical-hole low-index mode nanobeam cavities for on-chip sensing. J. Lightwave Technol. 34, 3496–3502 (2016)ADSCrossRef
Janjan, B., Zarifkar, A., Miri, M.: Ultra-compact high-speed electro-optical modulator with extremely low energy consumption based on polymer-filled hybrid plasmonic waveguide. Plasmonics 11, 509–514 (2016)CrossRef
Javid, M.R., Miri, M., Zarifkar, A.: Design of a compact high-speed optical modulator based on a hybrid plasmonic nanobeam cavity. Opt. Commun. 410, 652–659 (2018)ADSCrossRef
Kauranen, M., Zayats, A.: Nonlinear plasmonics. Nat. Photonics 6, 737–748 (2012)ADSCrossRef
Kim, H., McIntyre, P.C.: Effects of crystallization on the electrical properties of ultrathin HfO2 dielectrics grown by atomic layer deposition. Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 106–108 (2003)ADSCrossRef
Kuo, Y.H., Lee, Y.K., Ge, Y., Ren, S., Roth, J.E., Kamins, T.I., Miller, D.A.B., Harris, J.S.: Strong quantum-confined Stark effect in germanium quantum-well structures on silicon. Nature 437, 1334–1336 (2005)ADSCrossRef
Lee, G.N., Machaiah, P.M., Park, W.H., Kim, J.: Enhanced optical and electrical properties of ITO/Ag/AZO transparent conductors for photoelectric applications. Int. J. Photoenergy 1, 1–9 (2017)CrossRef
Li, Y., Zhang, L., Song, M., Zhang, B., Yang, J.Y., Beausoleil, R.G., Willner, A.E., Dapkus, P.D.: Coupled-ring-resonator-based silicon modulator for enhanced performance. Opt. Express 16, 13342–13348 (2008)ADSCrossRef
Li, X., Feng, X., Cui, K., Liu, F., Huang, Y.: Integrated silicon modulator based on microring array assisted MZI. Opt. Express 22, 10550–10558 (2014)ADSCrossRef
Lin, C., Helmy, A.S.: Dynamically reconfigurable nanoscale modulators utilizing coupled hybrid plasmonics. Sci. Rep. 5, 12313 (2015)ADSCrossRef
Lin, T.R., Lin, C.-H., Hsu, J.C.: Strong optomechanical interaction in hybrid plasmonic–photonic crystal nanocavities with surface acoustic waves. Sci. Rep. 5, 13782 (2015)ADSCrossRef
Liu, A., Jones, R., Samara-Rubio, D., Rubin, D., Cohen, O., Nicolaescu, R., Paniccia, M.: A high-speed silicon optical modulator based on a metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitor. Nature 427, 615–618 (2004)ADSCrossRef
Liu, F., Zhang, L., Lu, X., Wang, W., Wang, L., Wang, G., Zhang, W., Zhao, Z.: Ultra-high Q one-dimensional hybrid PhC-SPP waveguide microcavity with large structure tolerance. J. Mod. Opt. 63, 1158–1165 (2016)ADSCrossRef
Lou, F.: Design and analysis of ultra-compact EO polymer modulators based on hybrid plasmonic microring resonators. Opt. Express 21, 20041–20051 (2013)ADSCrossRef
Ma, Z., Li, Z., Liu, K., Ye, C., Sorger, V.J.: Indium–tin–oxide for high-performance electro-optic modulation. Nano Photonics 4, 198–213 (2015)
Maksymov, I.S.: Optical switching and logic gates with hybrid plasmonic–photonic crystal nanobeam cavities. Phys. Lett. A 375, 918–921 (2011)ADSCrossRef
Metzger, et al.: Doubling the efficiency of third harmonic generation by positioning ITO nanocrystals into the hot-spot of plasmonic gap-antennas. Nano Lett. 14(5), 2867–2872 (2014)ADSCrossRef
Michelotti, F., Dominici, L., Descrovi, E., Danz, N., Menchini, F.: Thickness dependence of surface plasmon polariton dispersion in transparent conducting oxide films at 1.55 μm. Opt. Lett. 34, 839–841 (2009)ADSCrossRef
Miller, D.A.B.: Are optical transistors the logical next step? Nat. Photonics 4, 3–5 (2010)ADSCrossRef
Nashima, S., Morikawa, O., Takata, K., Hangyo, M.: Measurement of optical properties of highly doped silicon by terahertz time domain reflection spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3923–3925 (2001)ADSCrossRef
Neumann, F., Genenko, Y.A., Melzer, C., Yampolskii, S.V., von Seggern, H.: Self-consistent analytical solution of a problem of charge-carrier injection at a conductor/insulator interface. Phys. Rev. B 75, 205322 (2007)ADSCrossRef
Ooka, Y., Daud, N.A.B., Tetsumoto, T., Tanabe, T.: Compact resonant electro-optic modulator using randomness of a photonic crystal waveguide. Opt. Express 24, 11199–11207 (2016)ADSCrossRef
Paloi, F., Haxha, S.: Comparative analysis of long-haul system based on SSB modulation utilising dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulators. Opt. Quantum Electron. 50, 104 (2018)CrossRef
Prajzler, V., Neruda, M., Nekvindová, P.: Flexible multimode polydimethyl-diphenylsiloxane optical planar waveguides. J. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29, 5878–5884 (2018)CrossRef
Qi, B., Yu, P., Li, Y., Hao, Y., Zhou, Q., Jiang, X., Yang, J.: Ultracompact electrooptic silicon modulator with horizontal photonic crystal slotted slab. Technol. Lett. 22, 724–726 (2010)CrossRef
Qi, B., Yu, P., Li, Y., Jiang, X., Yang, M., Yang, J.: Analysis of electrooptic modulator with 1-D slotted photonic crystal nanobeam cavity. Technol. Lett. 23, 992–994 (2011)CrossRef
Reed, G.T.: Silicon Photonics: The State of the Art. JWS Publishing, San Diego (2008)CrossRef
Reed, G.T., Mashanovich, G., Gardes, F.Y., Thomson, D.J.: Review article. Published: 30 July 2010
Shakoor, A., Nozaki, K., Kuramochi, E., Nishiguchi, K., Shinya, A., Notomi, M.: Compact 1D-silicon photonic crystal electro-optic modulator operating with ultra-low switching voltage and energy. Opt. Express 22, 28623–28634 (2014)ADSCrossRef
Sun, X., Zhou, L., Zhu, H., Wu, Q., Li, X., Chen, J.: Design and analysis of a miniature intensity modulator based on a silicon–polymer–metal hybrid plasmonic waveguide. IEEE Photonics J. 6(1–10), 1–10 (2014)
Tsakmakidis, K.L., Hess, O.: Extreme control of light in metamaterials: complete and loss-free stopping of light. Phys. B Conden. Matter 407, 4066–4069 (2012)ADSCrossRef
Vasudev, A.P., Kang, J.H., Park, J., Liu, X., Brongersma, M.L.: Electro-optical modulation of a silicon waveguide with an “epsilon-near-zero” material. Opt. Express 21, 26387–26397 (2013)ADSCrossRef
West, P.R., Ishii, S., Naik, G.V., Emani, N.K., Shalaev, V.M., Boltasseva, A.: Searching for better plasmonic materials. Laser Photonics Rev. 4(795–808), 795–808 (2010)ADSCrossRef
Wülbern, J.H., Petrov, A., Eich, M.: Electro-optical modulator in a polymer-infiltrated silicon slotted photonic crystal waveguide heterostructure resonator. Opt. Express 17, 304–313 (2009)ADSCrossRef
Xin, Y.S., Sheng, L.J., Le, Z.: Graphene-integrated split-ring resonator terahertz modulator. Opt. Quantum Electron. 49, 350 (2017)CrossRef
Xu, Q., Schmidt, B., Pradhan, S., Lipson, M.: Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator. Nature 435, 325–327 (2005)ADSCrossRef
Xu, M., Li, F., Wang, T., Wu, J., Lu, L., Zhou, L., Su, Y.: Design of an electro-optic modulator based on a silicon-plasmonic hybrid phase shifter. J. Lightwave Technol. 31, 1170–1177 (2013)ADSCrossRef
Yang, D., Zhang, P., Tian, H., Ji, Y., Quan, Q.: Ultrahigh-Q and low-mode-volume parabolic radius-modulated single photonic crystal slot nanobeam cavity for high-sensitivity refractive index sensing. Quantum IEEE Photonics J. 7, 1–8 (2015)
Zhang, X.J., Feng, X., Zhang, D.K., Huang, Y.D.: Compact temperature-insensitive modulator based on a silicon microring assistant Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Chin. Phys. B 21, 124203 (2012)ADSCrossRef
Zhu, S., Lo, G.Q., Kwong, D.L.: Design of an ultra-compact electro-absorption modulator comprised of a deposited TiN/HfO2/ITO/Cu stack for CMOS backend integration. OSA 22, 17930–17947 (2014)
Metadaten
Titel
Ultra-compact low loss electro-optical nanobeam cavity modulator embedded photonic crystal
verfasst von
Behrang Hadian Siahkal-Mahalle
Kambiz Abedi
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2019
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Optical and Quantum Electronics / Ausgabe 5/2019
Print ISSN: 0306-8919
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-817X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-1835-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2019

Optical and Quantum Electronics 5/2019 Zur Ausgabe

OriginalPaper

Design of refractive index sensing based on 2D PhC air-slot width-modulated line-defect microcavity

OriginalPaper

Energy diagram and stability range of families of soliton molecules in fibers

OriginalPaper

Security enrichment of optical image cryptosystem based on superposition technique using fractional Hartley and gyrator transform domains deploying equal modulus decomposition

OriginalPaper

Partial relay selection in mixed RF/FSO dual-hop system over unified M-distributed fading channel with non-zero boresight pointing errors

OriginalPaper

Photoelectron holographic interferences from multiple returning in strong-field tunneling ionization

OriginalPaper

DPSK based low cost radio over fiber system for communication

Neuer Inhalt

    Bildnachweise