2. Understanding the Motion and the Environment

In this chapter, we discuss various physical models that govern the motion of a golf ball. The flight of a golf ball is governed by the laws of aerodynamics and projectile motion. The dimples on the ball’s surface help the ball fly over a larger distance by reducing the drag, while the backspin enhances the upward Magnus force acting on it due to its airspeed. On the other hand, bouncing and rolling motions are governed by the ball’s material properties, the grass type and the local terrain profile. The ball’s interaction with the golf course plays a vital role in the gameplay. Therefore, it is essential to understand and model the golf course architecture itself. The local wind conditions are modelled using a logarithmic velocity profile, that captures the effect of the atmospheric boundary layer. Finally, we end with a discussion on various design styles and par rating of a golf course.