Skip to main content
Erschienen in:
Buchtitelbild

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

UnderTracker: Binary Hardening Through Execution Flow Verification

verfasst von : Rajesh Shrivastava, Chittaranjan Hota, Govind Mittal, Zahid Akhtar

Erschienen in: Secure Knowledge Management In Artificial Intelligence Era

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Programs are developed in a manner so that they execute and fulfill their intended purpose. In doing so, programmers trust the language to help them achieve their goals. Binary hardening is one such concept, which prevents program behavior deviation and conveys the intention of the programmer. Therefore, to maintain the integrity of the program, measures need to be taken to prevent code-tampering. The proposed approach enforces code verification from instruction-to-instruction by using the programmer’s intended control flow. UnderTracker enforces execution flow at the instruction cache by utilizing the read-only data-cache available in the program. The key idea is to place a control transfer code in data-cache and to call it from instruction cache via labels. UnderTracker injects labels into the binary without affecting the semantics of the program. After the code execution starts, it verifies every control point’s legality before passing the control to the next instruction, by passively monitoring the execution flow. This paper proposes an efficient technique, called UnderTracker, to strengthen the binary integrity of an I/O intensive running program, with the nominal overhead of only 5–6% on top of the normal execution.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
The estimates used above were chosen are as an example. They can be changed depending upon the use-case.
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Marco-Gisbert, H., Ripoll, I.: Preventing brute force attacks against stack canary protection on networking servers. In: 2013 12th IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA), pp. 243–250. IEEE (2013) Marco-Gisbert, H., Ripoll, I.: Preventing brute force attacks against stack canary protection on networking servers. In: 2013 12th IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA), pp. 243–250. IEEE (2013)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Wei, T., Wang, T., Duan, L., Luo, J.: Secure dynamic code generation against spraying. In: Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 738–740. ACM (2010) Wei, T., Wang, T., Duan, L., Luo, J.: Secure dynamic code generation against spraying. In: Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 738–740. ACM (2010)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Checkoway, S., Davi, L., Dmitrienko, A., Sadeghi, A.-R., Shacham, H., Winandy, M.: Return-oriented programming without returns. In: Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 559–572. ACM (2010) Checkoway, S., Davi, L., Dmitrienko, A., Sadeghi, A.-R., Shacham, H., Winandy, M.: Return-oriented programming without returns. In: Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 559–572. ACM (2010)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Abadi, M., Budiu, M., Erlingsson, Ú., Ligatti, J.: Control-flow integrity principles, implementations, and applications. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur. (TISSEC) 13(1), 4 (2009)CrossRef Abadi, M., Budiu, M., Erlingsson, Ú., Ligatti, J.: Control-flow integrity principles, implementations, and applications. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur. (TISSEC) 13(1), 4 (2009)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Burow, N., et al.: Control-flow integrity: precision, security, and performance. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 50(1), 16 (2017)CrossRef Burow, N., et al.: Control-flow integrity: precision, security, and performance. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 50(1), 16 (2017)CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, C., et al.: Practical control flow integrity and randomization for binary executables. In: 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), pp. 559–573. IEEE (2013) Zhang, C., et al.: Practical control flow integrity and randomization for binary executables. In: 2013 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), pp. 559–573. IEEE (2013)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Buchanan, E., Roemer, R., Shacham, H., Savage, S.: When good instructions go bad: generalizing return-oriented programming to RISC. In: Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 27–38. ACM (2008) Buchanan, E., Roemer, R., Shacham, H., Savage, S.: When good instructions go bad: generalizing return-oriented programming to RISC. In: Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 27–38. ACM (2008)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Prandini, M., Ramilli, M.: Return-oriented programming. IEEE Secur. Priv. 10(6), 84–87 (2012)CrossRef Prandini, M., Ramilli, M.: Return-oriented programming. IEEE Secur. Priv. 10(6), 84–87 (2012)CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Bittau, A., Belay, A., Mashtizadeh, A., Mazières, D., Boneh, D.: Hacking blind. In: 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pp. 227–242. IEEE (2014) Bittau, A., Belay, A., Mashtizadeh, A., Mazières, D., Boneh, D.: Hacking blind. In: 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pp. 227–242. IEEE (2014)
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Wurster, G., Van Oorschot, P.C., Somayaji, A.: A generic attack on checksumming-based software tamper resistance. In: IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2005, pp. 127–138. IEEE (2005) Wurster, G., Van Oorschot, P.C., Somayaji, A.: A generic attack on checksumming-based software tamper resistance. In: IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2005, pp. 127–138. IEEE (2005)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Pappas, V., Polychronakis, M., Keromytis, A.D.: Transparent ROP exploit mitigation using indirect branch tracing. In: USENIX Security Symposium, pp. 447–462 (2013) Pappas, V., Polychronakis, M., Keromytis, A.D.: Transparent ROP exploit mitigation using indirect branch tracing. In: USENIX Security Symposium, pp. 447–462 (2013)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang, M., Yin, H., Bhaskar, A.V., Su, P., Feng, D.: Binary code continent: finer-grained control flow integrity for stripped binaries. In: Proceedings of the 31st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, pp. 331–340. ACM (2015) Wang, M., Yin, H., Bhaskar, A.V., Su, P., Feng, D.: Binary code continent: finer-grained control flow integrity for stripped binaries. In: Proceedings of the 31st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, pp. 331–340. ACM (2015)
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Xia, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, H., Zang, B.: CFIMon: detecting violation of control flow integrity using performance counters. In: 2012 42nd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN), pp. 1–12. IEEE (2012) Xia, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, H., Zang, B.: CFIMon: detecting violation of control flow integrity using performance counters. In: 2012 42nd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN), pp. 1–12. IEEE (2012)
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, M., Sekar, R.: Control flow and code integrity for COTS binaries: an effective defense against real-world ROP attacks. In: Proceedings of the 31st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, pp. 91–100. ACM (2015) Zhang, M., Sekar, R.: Control flow and code integrity for COTS binaries: an effective defense against real-world ROP attacks. In: Proceedings of the 31st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, pp. 91–100. ACM (2015)
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Agrawal, H., et al.: Detecting hidden logic bombs in critical infrastructure software. In: International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security. Academic Conferences International Limited (2012). Page 1 Agrawal, H., et al.: Detecting hidden logic bombs in critical infrastructure software. In: International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security. Academic Conferences International Limited (2012). Page 1
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Dang, T.H.Y., Maniatis, P., Wagner, D.: The performance cost of shadow stacks and stack canaries. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security, pp. 555–566. ACM (2015) Dang, T.H.Y., Maniatis, P., Wagner, D.: The performance cost of shadow stacks and stack canaries. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security, pp. 555–566. ACM (2015)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Ding, R., Qian, C., Song, C., Harris, B., Kim, T., Lee, W.: Efficient protection of path-sensitive control security. In: 26th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 2017), Vancouver, BC, pp. 131–148. USENIX Association (2017) Ding, R., Qian, C., Song, C., Harris, B., Kim, T., Lee, W.: Efficient protection of path-sensitive control security. In: 26th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 2017), Vancouver, BC, pp. 131–148. USENIX Association (2017)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Carlini, N., Barresi, A., Payer, M., Wagner, D., Gross, T.R.: Control-flow bending: on the effectiveness of control-flow integrity. In: USENIX Security Symposium, pp. 161–176 (2015) Carlini, N., Barresi, A., Payer, M., Wagner, D., Gross, T.R.: Control-flow bending: on the effectiveness of control-flow integrity. In: USENIX Security Symposium, pp. 161–176 (2015)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Das, S., Zhang, W., Liu, Y.: A fine-grained control flow integrity approach against runtime memory attacks for embedded systems. IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. VLSI Syst. 24(11), 3193–3207 (2016) CrossRef Das, S., Zhang, W., Liu, Y.: A fine-grained control flow integrity approach against runtime memory attacks for embedded systems. IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. VLSI Syst. 24(11), 3193–3207 (2016) CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Andriesse, D., Bos, H., Slowinska, A.: Parallax: implicit code integrity verification using return-oriented programming. In: 2015 45th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN), pp. 125–135. IEEE (2015) Andriesse, D., Bos, H., Slowinska, A.: Parallax: implicit code integrity verification using return-oriented programming. In: 2015 45th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN), pp. 125–135. IEEE (2015)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Shrivastava, R., Hota, C., Shrivastava, P.: Protection against code exploitation using ROP and check-summing in IoT environment. In: 2017 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT 2017), Melaka, Malaysia, May 2017 Shrivastava, R., Hota, C., Shrivastava, P.: Protection against code exploitation using ROP and check-summing in IoT environment. In: 2017 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT 2017), Melaka, Malaysia, May 2017
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Hota, C., Shrivastava, R.K., Shipra, S.: Tamper-resistant code using optimal ROP gadgets for IoT devices. In: 2017 13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), pp. 570–575. IEEE (2017) Hota, C., Shrivastava, R.K., Shipra, S.: Tamper-resistant code using optimal ROP gadgets for IoT devices. In: 2017 13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), pp. 570–575. IEEE (2017)
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Shrivastava, R.K., Mishra, S., Barua, S., Hota, C.: Resilient complex event processing in IoT using side-channel information. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks, pp. 80–87. ACM (2017) Shrivastava, R.K., Mishra, S., Barua, S., Hota, C.: Resilient complex event processing in IoT using side-channel information. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks, pp. 80–87. ACM (2017)
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Christensen, H.K., Brodal, G.S.: Algorithms for finding dominators in directed graphs. Ph.D. thesis, Aarhus Universitet, Datalogisk Institut (2016) Christensen, H.K., Brodal, G.S.: Algorithms for finding dominators in directed graphs. Ph.D. thesis, Aarhus Universitet, Datalogisk Institut (2016)
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Lengauer, T., Tarjan, R.E.: A fast algorithm for finding dominators in a flowgraph. ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. (TOPLAS) 1(1), 121–141 (1979)CrossRef Lengauer, T., Tarjan, R.E.: A fast algorithm for finding dominators in a flowgraph. ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. (TOPLAS) 1(1), 121–141 (1979)CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilander, J., Nikiforakis, N., Younan, Y., Kamkar, M., Joosen, W.: RIPE: runtime intrusion prevention evaluator. In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, pp. 41–50. ACM (2011) Wilander, J., Nikiforakis, N., Younan, Y., Kamkar, M., Joosen, W.: RIPE: runtime intrusion prevention evaluator. In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, pp. 41–50. ACM (2011)
Metadaten
Titel
UnderTracker: Binary Hardening Through Execution Flow Verification
verfasst von
Rajesh Shrivastava
Chittaranjan Hota
Govind Mittal
Zahid Akhtar
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Verlag
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3817-9_1