Unit Commitment Dynamic Unified Active and Reactive Power Dispatch of Microgrids with Integration of Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) play a vital role in the reduction of emission of the greenhouse gases by reducing the consumption of fossil fuel. This paper presents a fully developed integration of the EVs with a security-constrained unified active and reactive power dynamic economic dispatch of microgrids (MGs) to minimize the total operating cost or maximizes the profit. The formulation of the overall optimization problem considers the reactive power production cost and relevant constraints, the environmental costs, and the battery degradation cost. A comprehensive set of constraints including active and reactive security constraints, limitation of the greenhouse gases constraints, and constraints relevant to the integration of the EVs with the MG are considered as well. The bi-directional penetration of the EVs with the MG is modelled and incorporated with unit commitment (UC) optimization problem. The results show that the proposed approach of the integration of the EVs with the MG reduces the total operating cost and increases the profit.