Update, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Versus Aswan High Dam: A View from Egypt

This chapter summarizes the key information and findings for the book Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam versus Aswan High Dam: A View from Egypt. Also, the major conclusions and recommendations are provided. Some findings from a few recently published research work related to the covered themes as an update for the information covered in the book are reviewed and presented. Also, the main current challenges facing Egypt due to the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) due to the probable improper operation without cooperation with Egypt and Sudan are provided. The chapter is meant to provide a brief synopsis of some of the issues that have been identified in the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) including how these will impact the existing Aswan High Dam (AHD) and Egypt’s water resources and the society as well. Varieties of negative and positive impacts of both GERD and AHD are summarized. Modeling analysis of these impacts into the future is also characterized and assessed. For instance, it has been shown that, depending on its initial impoundment plan and operational policy, GERD can have significant impacts on the downstream, for which the associated costs have not been taken into consideration. In particular, operating GERD solely for hydropower energy maximization involves extremely high risks for the downstream, particularly Egypt which depends almost on the water coming from the Nile. Based on the information, investigation, analysis, findings, and writings throughout this book, a set of conclusions and recommendations are presented.