Utilization of tea wastes for the removal of toxic dyes from polluted water—a review

The presence of dyes in the aqueous system is a worldwide concern. Among the different available water treatment methods, adsorption one has attracted substantial consideration due to its unmatched advantages like selectivity, low cost, applicability verities of contaminants, high efficiency, ease and simplicity of operation, reusability of the adsorbents, etc. The utilization of these advantages depends on the appropriate choice of the adsorbent. The surplus availability and simple preparation might be the primary requirements of a promising adsorbent. In this context, tea waste materials pose themselves as potential candidates for their employment as adsorbents. In this review article, the use of unmodified raw tea waste materials as adsorbents for the remediation of water and wastewater containing dyes as pollutants has been thoroughly discussed. The review includes the characterization of tea waste-based adsorbents and their utilization for dye removal. The isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics accompanying the process of dye removal have also been discussed.