nach oben

Erschienen in:

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. Variability and Trends of Atmospheric Moisture over the Indian Region

verfasst von : P. Mukhopadhyay, A. K. Jaswal, Medha Deshpande

Erschienen in: Observed Climate Variability and Change over the Indian Region

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

In this chapter, we have examined humidity and surface soil moisture data over the Indian region for the period of 1969–2012 and analysed the variability and long-term trends. The analysis revealed that the all India averaged specific humidity is significantly increasing during all the seasons while relative humidity is increasing in all the seasons, except for the monsoon season. The magnitude of seasonal trends in specific humidity is the highest in summer where it is increasing at the rate +0.32 g/kg per decade and the lowest in monsoon season where the rate of increase is +0.20 g/kg per decade. The increase in surface humidity and atmospheric moisture content is consistent with the increase in surface air temperatures over India. The variations of annual surface soil moisture show general agreement with the observed changes in rainfall. Out of the 27 stations considered for the analysis, 15 stations are showing increasing trends in soil moisture.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Variability and Changes in Cloud Cover Over India During 1951–2010

Nächstes Kapitel Trends in Radiative Fluxes Over the Indian Region

Albergel, C., Dorigo, W., Reichle, R. H., Balsamo, G., de Rosnay, P., Muñoz-Sabater, J., Isaksen,L., de Jeu, R. and Wagner, W., 2013, “Skill and Global Trend Analysis of Soil Moisture from Reanalyses and Microwave Remote Sensing”, J. Hydrometeor, 14, 1259–1277.

Calla, O. P. N., Sharma, R., Gadri, K. L., Kalla, A., Agrahari, S. K. and Rathore, G., 2013, “Comparison of SMOS soil moisture/brightness temperatures for morning and evening passes”, Ind. J. Radio and Space Phys., 42, 420-424.

Dai, A, 2006, “Recent climatology, variability and trends in global surface humidity”, J. Climate, 19, 3589-3606.

De, U. S., Rao, G. S. P. and Jaswal, A. K., 2001, “Visibility over Indian airports during winter season”, Mausam, 52, 4, 717-726.

Dee, D. P., and Coauthors, 2011, “The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system”, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553–597, doi:10.1002/qj.828.

Dorigo, W., R. de Jeu, D. Chung, R. Parinussa, Y. Liu, W. Wagner, and D. Fernández-Prieto (2012), Evaluating global trends (1988–2010) in harmonized multi-satellite surface soil moisture, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18405, doi:10.1029/2012GL052988.

Eswar, R., Sekhar, M. and Bhattacharya, B. K., 2013, “Simple model for spatial disaggregation of evaporative fraction: Comparative study with thermal sharpened land surface temperature data over India”, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 12029–12044, doi: 10.1002/2013JD020813.

Gaffen, D. J., and Ross, R. J., 1999, “Climatology and trends in U.S. surface humidity and temperature”, J. Climate, 12, 811–828.

Goswami B. N., Venugopal V., Sengupta, D., Madhusoodanan, M. S. and Prince, K. X., 2006, “Increasing Trend of Extreme Rain Events Over India in a Warming Environment”, Science, 314, 1442-1445.

Groisman, P. Ya., Knight, R. W., Karl, T. R., Easterling, D. R., Sun, B. M. and Lawrimore, J. H., 2004, “Contemporary changes of the hydrological cycle over the contiguous United States: Trends derived from in situ observations”, J. Hydrometeor., 5, 64–85.

Jaswal, A. K. and Koppar, A. L., 2011, “Recent climatology and trends in surface humidity over India for 1969-2007”, Mausam, 62, 145-162.

Jung, M., and Coauthors, 2010, “Recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply”, Nature, 467, 951–954.

Koster, R. D. et al., 2004, “Regions of strong coupling between soil moisture and precipitation”, Science, 305, 1138–1140.

Murray, F. W., 1967, “On the computation of saturation vapor pressure”, J. Appl. Meteor., 6, 203-204.

New, M., Hulme, M., and Jones, P., 2000, “Representing twentieth century space-time climate variability. Part II: Development of 1901–96 monthly grids of terrestrial surface climate”, J. Climate, 13, 2217–2238.

Oort, A. H., 1983, “Global atmospheric circulation statistics, 1958–1973”, NOAA Prof. Paper 14, 180 pp.

Peixoto, J. P., and Oort, A. H., 1996, “The climatology of relative humidity in the atmosphere”, J. Climate, 9, 3443–3463.

Philipona, R., Durr, B., Marty, C., Ohmura, A. and Wild, M., 2004, “Radiative forcing- Measured at Earth’s surface - Corroborate the increasing greenhouse effect”, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L03202, doi:10.1029/2003GL018765.

Philipona, R., Durr, B., Ohmura, A., and Ruckstuhl, C., 2005, “Anthropogenic greenhouse forcing and strong water vapor feedback increase temperature in Europe”, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L19809, doi:10.1029/2005GL023624.

Rao, G. S. P., Jaswal, A. K. and Kumar, M. S., 2004, “Effects of urbanization on meteorological parameters”, Mausam, 55, 3, 429-440.

Rienecker, M. M., Suarez, M. J., Gelaro, R., Todling, R., Bacmeister, J., Liu, E., Bosilovich, M. G., Schubert, D., Takacs, L., Kim, G. K., Bloom, S., Chen, J., Collins, D., Conaty, A., Silva, A. D., Gu, W., Joiner, J., Koster, R. D., Lucchesi, R., Molod, A., Owens, T., Pawson, S., Pegion, P., Redder, C. R., Reichle, R., Robertson, F. R., Ruddick, A. G., Sienkiewicz, M. and Woollen, J., 2011, “MERRA- NASA’s modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications”, Journal of Climate, 24, 14, 3624 – 3648

Robinson, P. J., 2000, “Temporal trends in United States dew point temperatures”, Int. J. Climatol., 20, 985–1002.

Robock, A., Vinnikov, K. Y., Srinivasan, G., Entin, J. K., Hollinger, S. E., Speranskaya, N.A., Liu, S., Namkhai, A., 2000, “The global soil moisture data bank”, Bull. Am. Met. Soc., 81, 1281–1300.

Robock, A., Mingquan, M., Konstantin, V., Iryna, V. T. and Tatyjana, I. A., 2005, “Forty five years of observed soil moisture in the Ukraine: No summer desiccation (yet)”, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03401, doi:10.1029/2004GL021914.

Schönwiese, C. D., and Rapp, J., 1997, “Climate Trend Atlas of Europe Based on Observations 1891–1990”, Kluwer Academic, 228 pp.

Sheffield, J. and Wood, E. F., 2008, “Projected changes in drought occurrence under future global warming from multi-model, multi-scenario, IPCC AR4 simulations”, Climate Dynamics, 31, 79–105.

Singh, P., Kumar, V. Thomas, T. and Arora, M., 2008, “Changes in rainfall and relative humidity in river basins in northwest and central India”, Hydro. Proc, 22, 16, 2982-2992.

Singh, D., Michael, T., Bala, R. and Noah, S.D., 2014, “Observed changes in extreme wet and dry spells during the South Asian summer monsoon season”,.Nature, Climate Change, 4, 456–461.

Sun, B., Groisman, P. Ya., Bradley, R. S. and Keimig, F. T., 2000, “Temporal changes in the observed relationship between cloud cover and surface air temperature”, J. Climate, 13, 4341–4357.

Tetens, O., 1930, “Über einige meteorologische Begriffe“, Z. Geophys, 6, 297–309.

Trenberth, K. E., Jones, P. D., Ambenje, P., Bojariu, R., Easterling, D., Klein Tank, A., Parker, D., Rahimzadeh, F., Renwick, J. A., Rusticucci, M., Soden, B. and Zhai, P., 2007, “Observations: surface and atmospheric climate change”, In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK/New York, NY, USA

Trenberth, K. E., 2011, “Changes in precipitation with climate change”, Clim Res, 47, 123–138.

Vincent, L. A., Van Wijngaarden, W. A. and Hopkinson, R., 2007, “Surface temperature and humidity trends in Canada for 1953–2005”, J. Climate, 20, 5100–5113.

Wang, J. X. L., and Gaffen, D. J., 2001, “Late-twentieth-century climatology and trends of surface humidity and temperature in China”, J. Climate, 14, 2833–2845.

Zhu C. M. and Lettenmaier, D. P., 2007, “Long-term climate and derived surface hydrology and energy flux data for Mexico, 1925-2004”, Journal of Climate, 20, 1936-1946.

Titel: Variability and Trends of Atmospheric Moisture over the Indian Region
verfasst von: P. Mukhopadhyay
A. K. Jaswal
Medha Deshpande
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Buch: Observed Climate Variability and Change over the Indian Region
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-2530-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-2531-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2531-0_8