nach oben

Erschienen in:

2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Vehicle Automation: Our Best Shot at a Transportation Do-Over?

verfasst von : Daniel Sperling, Ellen van der Meer, Susan Pike

Erschienen in: Three Revolutions

Verlag: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

From San Francisco to Shanghai, the car of the future is automated. Automakers and tech companies are racing to develop, test, and bring cars to market with a dizzying array of new information and automation technologies. Every new model year brings more innovation and announcements about the future. But what exactly are these companies bringing to market, and how automated will these cars really be? Do we call them autonomous or automated or driverless, and what does that even mean? Will they really transform transportation as we know it? The spin is confusing and bewildering.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Shared Mobility: The Potential of Ridehailing and Pooling

Nächstes Kapitel Upgrading Transit for the Twenty-First Century

Ryan Bradley, “Tesla Autopilot: The Electric-Vehicle Maker Sent Its Cars a Software Update That Suddenly Made Autonomous Driving a Reality,” MIT Technology Review, March/April 2016.

“Autonomous Cars: Self-Driving the New Auto Industry Paradigm,” Morgan Stanley Research, November 2013.

Emily Barasch, “Study: Nearly All Cars to Be Self-Driving by 2050,” mic.com, 5 January 2014.

Cadie Thompson, “Elon Musk Says Tesla’s Fully Autonomous Cars Will Hit the Road in 3 Years,” Business Insider, 25 September 2015; “All Tesla Cars Being Produced Now Have Full Self-Driving Hardware,” Tesla Blog, 19 October 2016.

“Ford Targets Fully Autonomous Vehicle for Ride Sharing in 2021; Invests in New Tech Companies, Doubles Silicon Valley Team,” Ford press release, 16 August 2016.

“Forecasts,” Driverless Car Market Watch, accessed 4 September 2017.

Alex Roy, “What If the Autonomous Car Industry Is Wrong?,” The Drive, 7 December 2016.

Chris Urmson, “Google Self-Driving Car Project,” SXSW Interactive Featured Session, 2016.

“Gartner’s 2016 Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies Identifies Three Key Trends That Organizations Must Track to Gain Competitive Advantage,” Gartner Newsroom press release, 16 August 2016.

See the crash fatalities estimate from the World Health Organization, “Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013,” available at http://www.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/78256/1/9789241564564_eng.pdf.

“Self-Driving Cars: The Next Revolution,” KPMG and the Center for Automotive Research white paper, 28 November 2012.

Jonas Meyer et al., “Autonomous Vehicles: The Next Jump in Accessibilities?,” Research in Transportation Economics 62 (June 2017): 80–91.

Dimitris Milakis, Bart van Arem, and Bert van Wee, “Policy and Society Related Implications of Automated Driving: A Review of Literature and Directions for Future Research,” Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems 21, no. 4, published online 13 February 2017.

“Wasted Spaces: Options to Reform Parking Policy in Los Angeles,” Council of Infill Builders, 16 May 2017.

Will Knight, “10-4, Good Computer: Automated System Lets Trucks Convoy as One,” MIT Technology Review, 28 May 2014; Xiao-Yun Lu and Steven E. Shladover, “Automated Truck Platoon Control and Field Test,” in Road Vehicle Automation, ed. Gereon Meyer and Sven Beiker (Switzerland: Springer International, 2014), 247–61.

Tom Simonite, “Uber Is Betting We’ll See Driverless 18-Wheelers before Taxis,” MIT Technology Review, 7 September 2016.

Greg Harman, “Driverless Big Rigs: New Technologies Aim to Make Trucking Greener and Safer,” The Guardian, 24 February 2015.

“Automated Driving,” SAE International, 2014; “Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles,” SAE International, 30 September 2016.

Patrice Reilhac et al., “User Experience with Increasing Levels of Vehicle Automation: Overview of the Challenges and Opportunities as Vehicles Progress from Partial to High Automation,” in Automotive User Interfaces, ed. Gerrit Meixner and Christian Muller (Switzerland: Springer International, 2017), 457–82.

Keith Naughton, “Ford’s Dozing Engineers Side with Google in Full Autonomy Push,” Automotive News, 17 February 2017; Aaron Birch, “Ford Denies Report That Engineers Are Dozing in Self-Driving Test Cars,” Ford Authority newsletter, 20 February 2017.

Naughton, “Ford’s Dozing Engineers.”

Fred Lambert, “Elon Musk Defends Level 3 Autonomy against Google and Volvo, Says ‘Morally Wrong to Withhold Functionalities That Improve Safety,’” Electrek, 13 September 2016.

John R. Quain, “Makers of Self-Driving Cars Ask What to Do with Human Nature,” New York Times, 7 July 2016.

Naughton, “Ford’s Dozing Engineers.”

Bradley Berman, “Whoever Owns the Maps Owns the Future of Self-Driving Cars,” Popular Mechanics, 1 July 2016.

Carolyn Said, “Now at Udacity, Google X Founder Talks Self-Driving Cars and Jobs,” San Francisco Chronicle, 3 December 2016.

Kathy Pretz, “The Drivers behind Autonomous Vehicles,” The Institute, 7 April 2014.

Steven E. Schladover, “PATH at 20: History and Major Milestones,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 8 (December 2007): 584–92.

No Hands Across America website, http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tjochem/nhaa/nhaa_home_page.html.

Alex Oagana, “A Short History of Mercedes-Benz Autonomous Driving Technology,” autoevolution.com, 26 January 2016.

DARPA, “The DARPA Grand Challenge: Ten Years Later,” 13 March 2014.

“Dutch Business Community Welcomes Truck Platoons,” European Truck Platooning website, press releases, accessed 4 September 2017; James Vincent, “Self-Driving Truck Convoy Completes Its First Major Journey across Europe,” The Verge, 7 April 2016.

Hope Reese, “US DOT Unveils ‘World’s First Autonomous Vehicle Policy,’ Ushering in Age of Driverless Cars,” TechRepublic, 20 September 2016; US Department of Transportation, NHTSA, “Federal Automated Vehicles Policy,” September 2016.

Adam Lashinsky, Inside: Uber’s Quest for World Domination (New York: Penguin, 2017); Brad Stone, The Upstarts: How Uber, Airbnb, and the Killer Companies of the New Silicon Valley Are Changing the World (New York: Little, Brown, 2017).

Josh Lowensohn, “Uber Gutted Carnegie Mellon’s Top Robotics Lab to Build Self-Driving Cars,” The Verge, 19 May 2015.

Bradley, “Tesla Autopilot”; “Autopilot,” Tesla Press Information, n.d., https://www.tesla.com/presskit/autopilot#autopilot.

Darrell Etherington, “Comma.ai Cancels the Comma One Following NHTSA Letter,” TechCrunch, 28 October 2016.

David Shepardson, “Ford, Volvo, Google, Uber, Lyft Form Coalition to Promote Self-Driving Cars,” Automotive News, 26 April 2016.

Hod Lipson and Melba Kurman, Driverless: Intelligent Cars and the Road Ahead (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016).

Todd Littman, “Autonomous Vehicle Implementation Predictions,” Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 27 February 2017.

Brandon Schoettle and Michael Sivak, “Motorists’ Preferences for Different Levels of Vehicle Automation,” University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Report UMTRI-2015-22, July 2015.

Insurance Information Institute, “Self-Driving Cars and Insurance,” July 2016.

Boston Consulting Group, “Self-Driving Vehicles, Robo-Taxis, and the Urban Mobility Revolution,” bcg.perspectives, 21 July 2016.

Department of Statistics Singapore, “Latest Data,” accessed 4 September 2017.

“Roadways in Singapore,” Trade Chakra, 2008; “Singapore: Intelligent Transport System,” C40 Cities, 2013.

K. Spieser et al., “Toward a Systematic Approach to the Design and Evaluation of Automated Mobility-on-Demand Systems: A Case Study in Singapore,” in Road Vehicle Automation, ed. Gereon Meyer and Sven Beiker (Switzerland: Springer International, 2014), 229–45.

Singapore Government Land Transport Authority, “Electronic Road Pricing (ERP),” accessed 4 September 2017.

Singapore Government Ministry of Transport, “Driverless Vehicles: A Vision for Singapore’s Transport,” accessed 4 September 2017.

Jon Russell, “MIT Spinout NuTonomy Just Beat Uber to Launch the World’s First Self-Driving Taxi,” TechCrunch, 24 August 2016; Andrew J. Hawkins, “Singapore’s Self-Driving Cars Can Now Be Hailed with a Smartphone,” The Verge, 22 September 2016.

Adrian Lim and Chew Hui Min, “nuTonomy Resumes Driverless Car Trials in One-North, Says Software Glitch to Blame for Accident,” Straits Times, 24 November 2016.

James Hedlund, “Autonomous Vehicles Meet Human Drivers: Traffic Safety Issues for States,” Governors Highway Safety Association, 2016.

Carrie Cox and Andrew Hart, “How Autonomous Vehicles Could Relieve or Worsen Traffic Congestion,” HERE white paper, 2016.

Kenneth P. Laberteaux et al., “Methodology for Gauging Usage Opportunities for Partially Automated Vehicles with Application to Public Travel Survey Data Sets,” Transportation Research Record 2625 (2017): 43–50.

Roy, “What If?”

Littman, “Autonomous Vehicle”; Corey D. Harper et al., “Estimating Potential Increases in Travel with Autonomous Vehicles for the Non-driving, Elderly and People with Travel-Restrictive Medical Conditions,” Transportation Research Part C 72 (November 2016): 1–9.

Ariel Wittenberg, “Helping to Build ‘Moral Machines’ at MIT,” Greenwire, 18 October 2016.

Michael Taylor, “Self-Driving Mercedes-Benzes Will Prioritize Occupant Safety over Pedestrians,” Car and Driver, 7 October 2016.

Jean-Francois Bonnefon, Azim Shariff, and Iyad Rahwan, “The Social Dilemma of Autonomous Vehicles,” Science, 24 June 2016, 1573.

Bryan Casey, “Amoral Machines or How Roboticists Can Learn to Stop Worrying and Love the Law,” Northwestern University Law Review 111, no. 5 (2017): n.p.

Andy Greenberg, “Hackers Remotely Kill a Jeep on the Highway—with Me in It,” Wired, 21 July 2015.

Alexandria Sage, “CIA ‘Mission’ on Cars Shows Concern about Next-Generation Vehicles,” Automotive News, 9 March 2017.

See Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies (New York: Norton, 2016).

Yoni Heilbronn, chief marketing officer for Argus Cyber Security, quoted in Andy Kulisch, “Cybersecurity Push May Tie Up Autonomous-Car Legislation,” Automotive News, 24 June 2017.

Sage, “CIA ‘Mission.’”

See chapter 5 in this book. Bus and rail transit in the United States account for about 1 percent of passenger miles, with taxis and ridehailing services representing much less than that.

Said, “Now at Udacity.”

International Transportation Forum, “Managing the Transition to Driverless Road Freight Transport,” OECD, 2017.

Ibid.

Prateek Bansal and Kara M. Kockelman, “Forecasting Americans’ Long-Term Adoption of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Technologies,” Transportation Research Part A 95 (January 2017): 49–63.

James M. Anderson et al., “Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Guide for Policymakers,” RAND Corporation Research Report RR-443-2-RC, 2016; Daniel Fagnant and Kara Kockelman, “Preparing a Nation for Autonomous Vehicles: Opportunities, Barriers and Policy Recommendations,” Transportation Research Part A 77 (2015): 167–81.

US Department of Transportation, NHTSA, “Federal Automated Vehicles Policy,” September 2016.

An extensive review of the benefits and costs of automated vehicles that focuses specifically on policy implications for Minnesota suggests that if Minnesota were to adopt statutes regarding testing of AVs within the state, it could become a testing ground for innovations that address issues AVs have with driving in snow-covered landscapes. Adeel Lari, Frank Douma, and Ify Onyiah, “Self-Driving Vehicles and Policy Implications: Current Status of Autonomous Vehicle Development and Minnesota Policy Implications,” Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology 16 (2015): 735–68.

Robin Chase, “Shared Passenger Mobility Protocol for Livable Cities,” OSMOSYS, accessed 4 September 2017. See also National Association of City Transportation Officials, “NACTO Policy Statement on Automated Vehicles,” 22 June 2016.

Titel: Vehicle Automation: Our Best Shot at a Transportation Do-Over?
verfasst von: Daniel Sperling
Ellen van der Meer
Susan Pike
Verlag: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics
Buch: Three Revolutions
Print ISBN: 978-1-61091-983-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-61091-906-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-906-7_4

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Premium Partner