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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

19. Video Delivery and Challenges: TV, Broadcast and Over The Top

verfasst von : Tim Stevens, Stephen Appleby

Erschienen in: MediaSync

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The TV production and broadcasting industry predates the ubiquitous computing and IP technologies of today. However, just as these advances have revolutionised other industries, they are also causing production and broadcasting to change. Here, we outline the opportunities that general computing and IP delivery offer this industry, and discuss how the precise synchronisation required by TV services could be implemented using these more generic technologies, and how this in turn could lead to newer ways of delivering TV-like services. We first discuss how today’s TV industry has been shaped by its analogue roots, and that the terminology and working practices still in some ways reflect the analogue world. We briefly cover TV history from the 1950s and the evolution of Public-Sector Broadcasting in the UK, before considering how newer services such as digital TV, satellite and video streaming have enabled services, but also throw up new issues around delay and synchronisation. We propose that some of these issues could be mitigated by moving to an IP delivery model, with media elements composed at the client device, and not globally time-locked to precise, system-wide clocks. Finally, we discuss some of the IP delivery technologies such as multicast, adaptive streaming and the newer protocols that are replacing traditional HTTP.

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Fußnoten
1
The Vertical Blanking Interval is a concept from the time when displays used a raster scan. It is the time allowed in the video signal for the scan to jump from the bottom back to the top of the screen. Screens of course no longer work this way.
 
2
STBs (Set-Top Boxes), although of course modern TV design makes it impossible to place them on top!
 
3
HTTP/2 strongly recommends encrypting the payload, which might displease network operators wishing to perform packet inspection or traffic shaping. However, HTTP/1 traffic is increasingly being carried over encrypted TLS links in any case, so this point may be moot.
 
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat E.g. Raboy, M.: Public broadcasting for the 21st century, p. 610. Indiana University Press (1995). ISBN 1-86020-006-0 E.g. Raboy, M.: Public broadcasting for the 21st century, p. 610. Indiana University Press (1995). ISBN 1-86020-006-0
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Kooij, W., Stokking, H., van Brandenburg, R., de Boer, P-T.: Playout delay of TV signals: measurement system design, validation and results, ACM TVX 2014, Newcastle, UK (2014) Kooij, W., Stokking, H., van Brandenburg, R., de Boer, P-T.: Playout delay of TV signals: measurement system design, validation and results, ACM TVX 2014, Newcastle, UK (2014)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Boronat, F., Mekuria, R., Montagud, M., Cesar, P.: Distributed media synchronization for shared video watching: issues, challenges, and examples. In: Ramzan, N., van Zwol, R., Lee, J.-S., Clver, K., Hua, X.-S. (eds) Social Media Retrieval, Springer Computer Communications and Networks Series, pp. 393–431. Springer, London, UK (2013) Boronat, F., Mekuria, R., Montagud, M., Cesar, P.: Distributed media synchronization for shared video watching: issues, challenges, and examples. In: Ramzan, N., van Zwol, R., Lee, J.-S., Clver, K., Hua, X.-S. (eds) Social Media Retrieval, Springer Computer Communications and Networks Series, pp. 393–431. Springer, London, UK (2013)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat ISO/IEC.: Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: systems. International Standard 5th Edition ISO/IEC 13818 1 (2014) ISO/IEC.: Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: systems. International Standard 5th Edition ISO/IEC 13818 1 (2014)
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Nielsen, J.: Usability engineering (Interactive Technologies), chapter 5 (1994). ISBN-13: 978-0125184069 Nielsen, J.: Usability engineering (Interactive Technologies), chapter 5 (1994). ISBN-13: 978-0125184069
11.
Zurück zum Zitat ITU-T.: One-way transmission time. Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks, Series G (2003) ITU-T.: One-way transmission time. Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks, Series G (2003)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Belshe, M.: Hypertext transfer protocol version 2 (HTTP/2) RFC 7540 (2015). ISSN: 2070-1721 Belshe, M.: Hypertext transfer protocol version 2 (HTTP/2) RFC 7540 (2015). ISSN: 2070-1721
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Bishop, M.: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) over QUIC. IETF draft (2017) Bishop, M.: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) over QUIC. IETF draft (2017)
Metadaten
Titel
Video Delivery and Challenges: TV, Broadcast and Over The Top
verfasst von
Tim Stevens
Stephen Appleby
Copyright-Jahr
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65840-7_19

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