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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Viewpoints on Systems and Models

verfasst von : Erkki Laitinen

Erschienen in: Mathematical Modelling

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

In this chapter, we attempt to shed light on modelling different kinds of systems with the help of some examples. To start off, we should explain what we mean by the system itself, and what mathematical modelling of such a system denotes. A system stands for a group of different objects, or elements, that are interacting with each other and their associated characteristics (numerical values). Systems are often dynamic, which means that the state of the system changes with time. Hereby, the state of the system accounts for the numerical values of its components. Usually, the most interesting aspect about a system is its equilibrium state, i.e. a state in which the component values remain constant with respect to time. For example, a hospital can be considered a system with the patients, doctors and nurses its components. The patients might have their reasons of seeking medical care as a characteristic, and respectively the staff’s characteristic could be their field of expertise. In addition, the hospital has different equipment (resources) such as an x-ray machine, a laboratory, beds etc. A lack of these resources might cause bottlenecks in the flow of patients. Such a system is an example of a traditional discrete system, in which the arrival or departure of a patient quickly changes the hospital’s state. Typically, these kinds of systems are also stochastic systems, because the patient’s arrival and staying time are often random variables. For such system, we are usually interested in the adequateness of the resources or in the duration of a patient’s stay until he has passed through the treatment system. Figure 3.1 shows a process flowchart for the functionality of a hospital’s dispensary outpatient clinic [4].

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Literatur
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Zurück zum Zitat Belenky, A.S.: Operations Research in Transportation Systems. Applied Optimization, vol. 20. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1998) Belenky, A.S.: Operations Research in Transportation Systems. Applied Optimization, vol. 20. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1998)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Konnov, I.V.: Equilibrium Models and Variational Inequalities. Mathematics in Science and Engineering, vol. 210. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2007) Konnov, I.V.: Equilibrium Models and Variational Inequalities. Mathematics in Science and Engineering, vol. 210. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2007)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruohonen, T.: Improving the operation of an emergency department by using a simulation model. Ph.D. thesis, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä (2007) Ruohonen, T.: Improving the operation of an emergency department by using a simulation model. Ph.D. thesis, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä (2007)
Metadaten
Titel
Viewpoints on Systems and Models
verfasst von
Erkki Laitinen
Copyright-Jahr
2016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27836-0_3

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