Groundwater has been used worldwide due to its ease of access and high quality. At present, groundwater quality has become a matter of concern because it is affected by multiple contaminants present in high concentrations such as nitrate, arsenic, fluoride, heavy metals, etc. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the most prevalent hazardous chemicals that dissolve in water and vaporize in the air. Most of the VOCs are harmful to human health and the environment, such as trihalomethane, perchloroethylene, methyl tert-butyl ether, etc. Prolonged exposure causes dangerous diseases like damage liver, kidneys, nervous system, and some are carcinogenic. Agricultural runoff, septic tanks, landfill leachates, leaky sewage, industrial spillages, and agrochemicals release are the principal source of VOCs emission in groundwater. Oxidation, membrane, adsorption, air stripping, biological, and many other processes have been used to separate VOC. Despite all, nanofiltration (NF) is the newest and most advanced technology with high removal ratio of VOCs at trace level. This chapter begins by introducing different types of groundwater pollutants and NF. This chapter covers all the factors that affect the removal of VOCs. This chapter will cover the recent technologies and discuss the upcoming perspective, critical issues, applicability, and challenges in the presented evolving field.