Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Computing 1/2019

25.04.2018

Waiting in concurrent algorithms

verfasst von: Gadi Taubenfeld

Erschienen in: Computing | Ausgabe 1/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Between the two extremes, lock-based algorithms, which involve “a lot of waiting”, and wait-free algorithms, which are “free of locking and waiting”, there is an interesting spectrum of different levels of waiting. This unexplored spectrum is formally defined and its properties are investigated. New progress conditions, called k-waiting, for \(k\ge 0\), which are intended to capture the “amount of waiting” of processes in asynchronous concurrent algorithms, are introduced. To illustrate the utility of the new conditions, they are used to derive new lower and upper bounds, and impossibility results for well-known basic problems such as consensus, election, renaming and mutual exclusion. Furthermore, the relation between waiting and fairness is explored.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
In the case of a beginning process, “its operation” means the operation that the process is about to start executing.
 
2
A set of processes P is maximal with respect to property \(\phi \), if (1) P satisfies \(\phi \), and (2) there is no set Q, such that \(P \subset Q\) and Q satisfies \(\phi \).
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson TE (1990) The performance of spin lock alternatives for shared-memory multiprocessor. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 1(1):6–16CrossRef Anderson TE (1990) The performance of spin lock alternatives for shared-memory multiprocessor. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 1(1):6–16CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Attiya H, Bar-Noy A, Dolev D, Koller D, Peleg D, Reischuk R (1990) Renaming in an asynchronous environment. J Assoc Comput Mach 37(3):524–548MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Attiya H, Bar-Noy A, Dolev D, Koller D, Peleg D, Reischuk R (1990) Renaming in an asynchronous environment. J Assoc Comput Mach 37(3):524–548MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bar-Noy A, Dolev D (1989) Shared memory versus message-passing in an asynchronous distributed environment. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM symposium on principles of distributed computing, pp 307–318 Bar-Noy A, Dolev D (1989) Shared memory versus message-passing in an asynchronous distributed environment. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM symposium on principles of distributed computing, pp 307–318
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Borowsky E, Gafni E (1993) Generalized FLP impossibility result for \(t\)-resilient asynchronous computations. In: Proceedings of the 25th ACM symposium on theory of computing, pp 91–100 Borowsky E, Gafni E (1993) Generalized FLP impossibility result for \(t\)-resilient asynchronous computations. In: Proceedings of the 25th ACM symposium on theory of computing, pp 91–100
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Burns JE, Peterson GL (1989) The ambiguity of choosing. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM symposium on principles of distributed computing, pp 145–158 Burns JE, Peterson GL (1989) The ambiguity of choosing. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM symposium on principles of distributed computing, pp 145–158
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Castaneda A, Rajsbaum S, Raynal M (2011) The renaming problem in shared memory systems: an introduction. Comput Sci Rev 5(3):229–251CrossRefMATH Castaneda A, Rajsbaum S, Raynal M (2011) The renaming problem in shared memory systems: an introduction. Comput Sci Rev 5(3):229–251CrossRefMATH
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Dijkstra EW (1965) Solution of a problem in concurrent programming control. Commun ACM 8(9):569CrossRef Dijkstra EW (1965) Solution of a problem in concurrent programming control. Commun ACM 8(9):569CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Fischer MJ, Lynch NA, Paterson MS (1985) Impossibility of distributed consensus with one faulty process. J ACM 32(2):374–382MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Fischer MJ, Lynch NA, Paterson MS (1985) Impossibility of distributed consensus with one faulty process. J ACM 32(2):374–382MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Herlihy M (1991) Impossibility results for asynchronous pram. In: Proceedings of the 3rd annual ACM symposium on parallel algorithms and architectures, pp 327–336 Herlihy M (1991) Impossibility results for asynchronous pram. In: Proceedings of the 3rd annual ACM symposium on parallel algorithms and architectures, pp 327–336
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Herlihy M, Shavit N On the nature of progress. In: 15th International conference on principles of distributed systems (OPODIS 2011), LNCS 7109. Springer, pp 313–328 Herlihy M, Shavit N On the nature of progress. In: 15th International conference on principles of distributed systems (OPODIS 2011), LNCS 7109. Springer, pp 313–328
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Herlihy MP (1991) Wait-free synchronization. ACM Trans Progr Lang Syst 13(1):124–149CrossRef Herlihy MP (1991) Wait-free synchronization. ACM Trans Progr Lang Syst 13(1):124–149CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Herlihy MP, Luchangco V, Moir M (2003) Obstruction-free synchronization: double-ended queues as an example. In: Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on distributed computing systems, p 522 Herlihy MP, Luchangco V, Moir M (2003) Obstruction-free synchronization: double-ended queues as an example. In: Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on distributed computing systems, p 522
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Herlihy MP, Wing JM (1990) Linearizability: a correctness condition for concurrent objects. ACM Trans Progr Lang Syst 12(3):463–492CrossRef Herlihy MP, Wing JM (1990) Linearizability: a correctness condition for concurrent objects. ACM Trans Progr Lang Syst 12(3):463–492CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Imbs D, Raynal M, Taubenfeld G (2010) On asymmetric progress conditions. In: Proceedings of the 29th ACM symposium on principles of distributed computing, pp 55–64 Imbs D, Raynal M, Taubenfeld G (2010) On asymmetric progress conditions. In: Proceedings of the 29th ACM symposium on principles of distributed computing, pp 55–64
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Loui MC, Abu-Amara H (1987) Memory requirements for agreement among unreliable asynchronous processes. Adv Comput Res 4:163–183MathSciNet Loui MC, Abu-Amara H (1987) Memory requirements for agreement among unreliable asynchronous processes. Adv Comput Res 4:163–183MathSciNet
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Moran S, Wolfstahl Y (1987) Extended impossibility results for asynchronous complete networks. Inf Process Lett 26(3):145–151MathSciNetCrossRef Moran S, Wolfstahl Y (1987) Extended impossibility results for asynchronous complete networks. Inf Process Lett 26(3):145–151MathSciNetCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Saks M, Zaharoglou F (2000) Wait-free \(k\)-set agreement is impossible: the topology of public knowledge. SIAM J Comput 29:1449–1483MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Saks M, Zaharoglou F (2000) Wait-free \(k\)-set agreement is impossible: the topology of public knowledge. SIAM J Comput 29:1449–1483MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Styer E, Peterson GL (1989) Tight bounds for shared memory symmetric mutual exclusion problems. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM symposium on principles of distributed computing, pp 177–191 Styer E, Peterson GL (1989) Tight bounds for shared memory symmetric mutual exclusion problems. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM symposium on principles of distributed computing, pp 177–191
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Taubenfeld G (2006) Synchronization algorithms and concurrent programming. Pearson/Prentice-Hall, p 423. ISBN 0-131-97259-6 Taubenfeld G (2006) Synchronization algorithms and concurrent programming. Pearson/Prentice-Hall, p 423. ISBN 0-131-97259-6
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Taubenfeld G (Sept. 2010) The computational structure of progress conditions. In: 24th International symposium on distributed computing (DISC 2010). LNCS 6343 Springer 2010, pp. 221–235 Taubenfeld G (Sept. 2010) The computational structure of progress conditions. In: 24th International symposium on distributed computing (DISC 2010). LNCS 6343 Springer 2010, pp. 221–235
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Taubenfeld G (2016) Fair synchronization. J Parallel Distrib Comput 97:1–10 (Also in: LNCS 8205, 2013, 179–193, DISC 2013) Taubenfeld G (2016) Fair synchronization. J Parallel Distrib Comput 97:1–10 (Also in: LNCS 8205, 2013, 179–193, DISC 2013)
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Taubenfeld G (2016) Waiting in concurrent algorithms. In: 4th International conference on networked systems (NETYS, 2016) Marrakech, Morocco. LNCS 9944, 2016, 345–360 Taubenfeld G (2016) Waiting in concurrent algorithms. In: 4th International conference on networked systems (NETYS, 2016) Marrakech, Morocco. LNCS 9944, 2016, 345–360
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Taubenfeld G (2017) A closer look at fault tolerance. Theory Comput Syst (To appear) (Also In: Proceedings of PODC 2012, 261–270) Taubenfeld G (2017) A closer look at fault tolerance. Theory Comput Syst (To appear) (Also In: Proceedings of PODC 2012, 261–270)
Metadaten
Titel
Waiting in concurrent algorithms
verfasst von
Gadi Taubenfeld
Publikationsdatum
25.04.2018
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Computing / Ausgabe 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0010-485X
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-5057
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-018-0618-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2019

Computing 1/2019 Zur Ausgabe