5. Waste-Derived Cellulose Nanomaterials–Based Membranes for Water Filtration Applications

Employing waste materials as a source of cellulose not only offers a sustainable method for producing nanomaterials (NMs) but also gives an environmentally conscious option for managing garbage. The development of low-cost, versatile nanostructures from agricultural waste has garnered significant attention in the past few years. Although many methods have been developed to produce high-value carbon nanomaterials, the most popular method nowadays seems to be the use of green technology due to its eco-friendly nature, non-toxicity, low fabrication cost, easy modification, and abundant availability of the starting precursor. It is therefore impressive that low-value biomass waste can be used for the processing of environmentally friendly materials to produce high-value products. Cellulose materials are naturally occurring and have unique structural, mechanical, and optical properties. It offers a lot of untapped potential for improving water treatment technology. The primary goal of this chapter is to demonstrate how cellulose and carbon-based nanomaterials are made from agricultural waste and their range of uses in water filtration. The production of nanocellulose-based membranes has been discussed in this chapter. The challenges and future directions of nanocellulose in water treatment are also covered in this chapter, along with a summary of their recent advancements and applications.