2023 | Buch

Waste Management in the Circular Economy

herausgegeben von: Suhaib A. Bandh, Fayaz A. Malla

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Über dieses Buch

Dieses Buch bietet eine umfassende und aufschlussreiche Untersuchung der Technologien und Prozesse, die mit der Energieerzeugung durch Abfallbehandlung einhergehen. Sie dient als wertvolle Ressource und liefert alle notwendigen Informationen und Werkzeuge, um unter verschiedenen Bedingungen die nachhaltigste Lösung für die Energiegewinnung aus Abfällen auszuwählen. Darüber hinaus vertieft er sich in praktische Beispiele der Kreislaufwirtschaft und bietet einen umfassenden Überblick aus mehreren Perspektiven. Es setzt eine Reihe von Methoden ein, darunter Lebenszyklusbewertung, Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung, multikriterielle Entscheidungsfindung und multiobjektive Optimierungsmodi. Durch die Kombination dieser Ansätze bietet es einen soliden Rahmen für die Bewertung von Optionen zur Energiegewinnung aus Abfall. Darüber hinaus bietet das Buch einen gründlichen Überblick über Rohstoffe, Technologien und Umsetzung der Energiegewinnung aus Abfällen. Sie geht über eine bloße Beschreibung hinaus und vertieft die entscheidenden Faktoren und Schlüsselfaktoren, die die nachhaltige Entwicklung der Energieverbrauchsindustrie beeinflussen. Indem das Buch diese Faktoren berücksichtigt, erleichtert es die Transformation hin zu einer Kreislaufwirtschaft und geht über den traditionellen Ansatz des "Aufrufs zu den Waffen" hinaus. Dieses Buch ist eine unschätzbare Ressource für Forscher und politische Entscheidungsträger im Energiesektor. Es stattet sie mit den wissenschaftlichen Methoden und Messgrößen aus, die notwendig sind, um Strategien für einen tragfähigen Übergang zur Nachhaltigkeit zu entwickeln. Darüber hinaus dient es als wichtige Referenz für Studenten, Forscher und Praktiker, die ihr Wissen über Energieplanung und die aktuellen und zukünftigen Trends von Biokraftstoff als alternativem Kraftstoff vertiefen wollen.

Mit KI übersetzt

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Waste Management and Circular Economy

Abstract

Waste management and the circular economy are two interrelated concepts that promote sustainable approaches to environmental sustainability. The former aims to reduce environmental risks, waste production, and waste disposal through recycling, reuse, and proper disposal. Meanwhile, the latter seeks to create sustainable products, reduce waste, and increase efficiency to address environmental, economic, and social challenges. In a circular economy, the principles of designing out waste and pollution, keeping products and materials in use, and regenerating natural systems are essential. By adopting these principles, we can create a closed-loop system for recycling and transforming waste into new products, which reduces our environmental footprint, creates jobs, and supports eco-friendly industries. Waste management plays a crucial role in the circular economy. It enables us to create a sustainable system that reduces waste and transforms it into new products. This, in turn, helps to reduce our environmental impact, create jobs, and support the growth of eco-friendly industries. The three Rs of the circular economy—reduce, reuse, and recycle—are fundamental principles that guide our actions. By reducing waste through minimal packaging and energy-efficient appliances, we can effectively reduce our environmental impact. Recycling offers numerous benefits, including energy savings, job creation, and reduced raw material costs. Waste management and the circular economy are two critical concepts that promote sustainable approaches to environmental sustainability. By adopting these principles, we can create a more sustainable future for ourselves and future generations.

Suhaib A. Bandh, Fayaz A. Malla, Shahid A. Wani, Anh Tuan Hoang

Chapter 2. Valorization of Plastic Wastes in Circular Economy: The Development of an Inter-Organizational Circular System for Valorization of Expanded and Extruded Polystyrene in Brazil

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a 15% rise in household packaging waste due to increased e-commerce and overuse of packaging, emphasizing the urgency of addressing plastic waste within a circular economy. Assuming that recycling is also a valuable strategy for circular economy, the next question is how to develop, implement, manage, and improve inter-organizational closed-loop systems in a structured and reproducible way? This chapter presents a structured five-step method for developing an inter-organizational circular system for plastic waste valorization. The steps encompass a literature review, supply chain characterization, stakeholder identification, awareness building, and governance structuring. A real case study involving expanded and extruded polystyrene packaging in Brazil illustrates the method's application, which was carried out from December 2021 to March 2022. This approach reinforces the necessity of multi-stakeholder collaboration to reduce waste, conserve resources, and promote sustainability in the context of a circular economy.

Istefani Carisío de Paula, Ghissia Hauser, Madalena Heinen, Isabella Rodrigues da Cunha e Paula, Victor Phanebecker Calcanhotto, Fernanda Valentini

Chapter 3. Valorization of Municipal Solid Wastes in Circular Economy

Abstract

The solid waste generated through anthropogenic activities like agricultural, food, industrial, medical, and chemical is categorized as municipal solid waste (MSW). Management of this waste via dumping in landfills and uncontrolled burning leads to soil, air, and water pollutions. The improper management of these MSW is unfriendly to the environment and human health. Thus, several physical, chemical, and biological approaches have evolved to tackle the problem of MSW. However, in recent times, waste has evolved as an opportunity to generate high-value compounds due to their rich chemical compositions. Though the biological methods such as anaerobic digestion are being used since long to convert the cattle manure into biogas, several physical and chemical methods such as pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction, hydrocracking, and wet oxidation have been developed. While dealing with the limitations and advantages of valorization of MSW in attaining the future circular economy, this chapter discusses the different wastes generated from different countries and the available technologies for their proper management.

Kaustubh Chandrakant Khaire, Sanjeet Mehariya, Bikash Kumar

Chapter 4. Biodegradable Wastes in Bioeconomy

Abstract

The world faces a series of major environmental, economic, and social challenges that must be addressed to ensure a sustainable future. With the adoption of the sustainable development goals and the launch of the 2030 Agenda, the global community has recognized the ethical and social imperative of promoting a future with social, environmental, and economic sustainability. The general background of this response is the need to evolve towards a new economic system based on the integration of knowledge for the sustainable use of biological resources through the utilization of all the products and by-products of the processes related to biological resources, reducing the generation of waste and pollution in search of a “decarbonisation” of the economy. To design more efficient processes based on the precept of “more with less”, work must be done on the development of systems for the integral and complete use of biomass, as is the case of biorefineries, and define biomass chains that include the use of waste and by-products from the rural and industrial sectors. This chapter provides an overview of existing opportunities for biodegradable wastes in the bioeconomy, proposing the bioeconomy model as a comprehensive proposal for sustainable development from an environmental, social, and economic point of view. The keys to this new economic model are the incorporation of knowledge and scientific and technological advances for the development of new alternatives and productive paths that promote the application of new technologies in the sustainable use of biological resources and processes. The ultimate goal is to provide goods and services in all economic sectors to migrate from the unsustainable economy based on fossil fuels to the renewable biomass economy.

Dolores Hidalgo, Jesús M. Martín-Marroquín, Francisco Corona

Chapter 5. Policy Intervention of Waste Management

Abstract

The circular economy (CE) has become a central focus of waste management and resource efficiency initiatives and practices around the world. Notably, key stakeholders in the built environment (BE) sector have become interested in pursuing CE principles leading to improved construction and demolition (C&D) waste management. The three widely applied approaches for sustainable waste management include encouragement, enforcement, and education. Enforcement and policy intervention are well-documented to have a major part in the circularity of the BE. Therefore, this chapter explores eight key policy interventions (landfill tax, penalties for illegal waste dumping, tax on using raw materials, levy waiver on waste recycling residuals, extended producer responsibility, sustainable procurement, proximity principle, and recycled product certification) that significantly impact the sector resource circularity. By doing so, this chapter provides a basis for promoting and enforcing waste recovery and resource efficiency. Where relevant, the Australian experience as the case study is used to unfold the key elements impacting the implementation of these interventions. The chapter draws on extensive literature and policy analysis findings, perceptions of key Australian stakeholders captured in a questionnaire survey, and a series of interviews (2018–2021). This chapter significantly adds both conceptually and practically to dealing with waste and reclaiming resources. It is expected that the content is leveraged to develop informed waste management-related policies.

Salman Shooshtarian, Tayyab Maqsood, Peter S. P. Wong

Chapter 6. Electronic Waste Appreciation—Strategies Targeting the Circular Economy

Abstract

Electronic devices’ lifetime is becoming shorter due to the accelerated technological evolution, which has led to a subsequent increase in the amount of the waste of electric and electronic equipments (WEEE) that has been generated by both residential and industrial consumers.

Mirian Paula dos Santos, Ivan Aldaya, Lucio Cardozo-Filho, Rafael A. Penchel, Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa, José Augusto de Oliveira

Chapter 7. Sustainable Development and Circular Economy

Abstract

Sustainable development is a goal universally supported by the global community in order to restore our own existence. Sustainability, however, may have different definitions and explanations; the objective remains the same which is to save the world’s scarce resources for the use of next generations. This chapter explains the classical and modern concepts of sustainable development and how the world is re-orienting toward achieving it. Circular economy (CE) is considered as a pivotal tool for sustainable development. It is a popular mechanism to transform from a linear economy to a closed-loop economy with different implications in different industries. The economic, environmental, and societal concerns of CE are discussed here with a view to contribute toward sustainable development. Though a clear relationship between the CE and sustainable development is still obscure in the literature, this chapter tries to find the established synergies and interdependence of CE and sustainable development. This chapter also describes contribution of CE under the sustainable development framework with practical examples from the industry, stressing the significance of CE in achieving global sustainability.

Maeen Md. Khairul Akter, Upama Nasrin Haq, Mohammad Abbas Uddin

Chapter 8. Integrated Waste Management and Circular Economy

Abstract

Globally, waste continues to be a matter that affects the health of both humans and the environment. As such, it requires a comprehensive approach that ensures that the protection of both these aspects is sustainably achieved, and that there is a balance between these and other social, economic, and technical aspects. Integrated Sustainable Waste Management seeks to achieve this balance by ensuring that all waste sources and stakeholders are covered and strategically approached in addressing waste management. The waste hierarchy, as explained by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), prioritises waste management in the order of prevention, minimization, re-use, recycling, recovery, and finally disposal. With prevention being the ultimate goal, Integrated Sustainable Waste Management needs to be focused towards this end of the hierarchy. Thus, adopting a circular economy becomes the priority, as waste is eliminated in the design of products, materials are used and re-used multiple times, and nature thrives due to a reduction in the rate of extraction of raw materials. Thus, this chapter explores the relationship between integrated waste management and circular economy, with the goal of determining how an integrated waste management policy can be designed with the circular economy at its core. It includes examples where such an approach has been applied, and derives common themes that other countries can explore towards creating or updating their national waste management policies.

Malonga Hazemba

Chapter 9. Value Creation from Waste Through Remanufacturing: Understanding Barriers from the Perspective of Business Model Dimensions

Abstract

Waste management is an integral part of the circular economy that helps create value from end-of-life (EoL) products. Effective approaches such as 3R (reusing, remanufacturing, and recycling) enhance the use of discarded EoL products. Remanufacturing is an effort that improves waste management by extracting the highest possible value from EoL products and requalifying them for a like new product. This paper examines how a heavy vehicle manufacturer can create value from EoL products by modifying business model (BM) dimensions through remanufacturing. This study has been conducted from the perspective of barriers to implementing remanufacturing. The results of the thematic analysis provide an understanding of the effects of barriers on the BM dimensions and modifications that are needed in these dimensions. Developing this understanding can assist manufacturers in modifying current BM and creating sustainable value through remanufacturing. BM modification involves incorporating modular architecture into product development along with the value proposition dimension. In addition, developing value creation and value delivery dimensions emphasizes the importance of integrating circularity features into supply chain configurations. In this light, the results suggest that by moving toward circular supply chains, manufacturers can manage waste, reduce component downgrading rates, effectively extract value from EoL products, and benefit from reduced reverse logistics costs.

Sayed Mohammad Ayati, Jukka Majava, Pasi Rönkkö, Ehsan Shekarian

Chapter 10. Waste Management Sector’s Contribution to Meeting Sustainable Development Goals: A Social Life Cycle Assessment Approach

Abstract

This chapter provides a comprehensive study on the relationship between waste management and sustainable development goals (SDGs). The study aimed to determine local indicators in each country that are contributing to the SDG through social domains. The study proceeded with the scoping of literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist, followed by the life cycle assessment-SDG screening using the Life Cycle Initiative (LCI) product social life cycle analysis matrix, and the Granta Social Audit Tool Excel software created by ANSYS Design. The study highlights that ASEAN countries still have a long way to go in waste management and achieving ideal waste management performance, with worker's category having more non-compliant indicators. Indonesia’s results show that six indicators are non-compliant in the worker's category. While in the Philippines, five indicators were non-compliant, and one has no data available based on the Granta social audit tool. Notably, the worker's category has more indicators that have non-compliant, and no action was taken based on the assessment. Hence, this category should be investigated when making policies regarding solid waste management in ASEAN countries and other developing countries. Moreover, the value chain category, wellbeing, satisfaction with life, and global peace index have no indicators matched specifically to SDG. Policymakers can propose and implement such policies to help them protect their individual rights.

Novlloyd E. Celeste, Anthony B. Halog

Chapter 11. Waste Management as an Opportunity for the Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups

Abstract

The issue of environmental pollution caused by improper waste management has become a major concern for national and international governments. Open dumping and open burning are two common methods for treating and disposing wastes and both of the methods are prevalent in the developing world. It has become increasingly important for the international community to focus on the problems caused by waste scavenging in developing countries, with a particular focus on health issues. There are various environmental consequences like marine litter, air, soil, and water pollution, as well as the direct contact of garbage pickers with hazardous materials, among the most persistent concerns to consider around the world. A typical waste management system consists of transportation, pre-treatment, processing, and residue abatement. The American Society defines waste management for Environmental Management as all the activities involved in handling, treating, disposing, or recycling waste materials. It is estimated that over 300 different types of wastes are generated every day from different sources, including household, commercial, industrial, medical, construction, agriculture, and sewage. Based on its potential circular economy is best suited to solve this problem, and it is a viable alternative to the linear economy (make, use, dispose of). As economic sectors, we strive to maximize the value of resources by keeping them in use for as long as possible and then developing and regenerating products and materials at the end of each service life. To determine which strategy should be used to implement a circular economy in developing nations, it is necessary to consider both internal and external factors to determine a suitable implementation strategy for a circular economy.

Priyanka Devi, Shipa Rani Dey, Khushbu Sharma, Prasann Kumar, Joginder Singh

Chapter 12. High Potential Organic Feedstocks for Production of Renewable Solid Briquettes—A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Briquetting of biomasses is an ideal technique for improvising both its volumetric and net energy density; besides, it serves as an effective means for reducing their pollution. In general, numerous biomass and organic by-products are discarded as wastes, citing their non-edibility, composition of chemical compounds present in their raw form, and zero usage value. Yet, these biomass wastes hold significant heating values, which promote them into promising solid biofuels, either in their existing or pre-treated form. Accordingly, this review article discusses the various biomasses used as raw feedstock for briquetting, besides summarising the works carried out in relevance to their respective briquettes. In addition, the proximate and lignocellulosic composition of these biomasses, and their pre-treatment techniques followed to prepare them for briquetting, have also been discussed. This study suggested that the heating value of biomasses ranged between 10 and 20 MJ/kg, while their briquettes reported between 15 and 25 MJ/kg, thereby citing their potential as viable replacements for existing fossil coals. Besides, factors affecting different thermal and physicochemical properties of these briquettes have also been studied and these properties play a crucial role in deciding the overall quality of the briquettes. Ultimately, this study proposes that any biomass with good calorific value and lignin content can be processed into briquettes with good strength and durability; however, the choice of biomass will also be accounted for by its availability, geographical distribution and handability.

Gokul Raghavendra Srinivasan, Aditya Mahajan, Rajiv Seth, Rakesh Mahajan

Chapter 13. Using Project-Based Collective Action Theory to Identify Key Success Factors and Key Difficulties for Circular Economy Projects: A Case Study of Pays de la Loire Region, France

Abstract

This research uses a multi-dimensional analysis framework to analyze, characterize, and examine three French-based, circular economy projects from the perspective of management and collective action, namely: a return and deposit scheme for glass bottles, an extension of the life span of out-of-use recreational boats, and a bio-waste management and networking initiative. Our framework is the theory of project-based collective action. It is designed to provide insights on many aspects that have usually not been explicitly studied in organizational management. For example, the regulation process is understudied although it contributes to managing interaction situations which can help or threaten the sustainability of a project. Therefore, this framework is helpful in identifying how the different dimensions of a project become real and how they “happen”. Unlike many research projects on the circular economy, which focus on technical and environmental dimensions, we intend to focus on management science and collective action. We aim to present three case studies to identify the key success factors and the key difficulties of circular economy projects.

Chaymaa Rabih, Nicolas Antheaume

Chapter 14. Green Manure Management as a Sustainable and Economical Alternative for Intensive Crop Fertilization in the Framework of the Circular Economy

Abstract

Agriculture is a strategic sector that has played a key role in developing many territories. However, the rapid expansion of productivity since the Green Revolution has led to aggressive agricultural practices, such as using large amounts of agrochemicals, which have damaged ecosystems. The latest policy on agriculture drafted by European Union envisages a 20% reduction in the application of fertilizers. This policy aims to implement sustainable agricultural production using resilient production models based on the circular economy and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Crop productivity of high-yielding farming systems is endangered when they encounter problems with profitability, so it is necessary to search for alternative formulas to conventional inorganic fertilization. This chapter presents the results of a field trial conducted under greenhouse where the productivity, economic benefit, and water consumption of a tomato crop fertilized with green manure (tomato plants infested by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici, mustard plants, and radish plants) were evaluated and compared to the same parameters in a conventional crop. The results suggest that the alternative nutrition obtained higher productivity and profit than the traditional crop, as well as a 43.9% reduction in water consumption. Green manuring is postulated as a cultivation method capable of increasing the sustainability of agricultural production systems.

Francisco José Castillo-Díaz, Luis J. Belmonte-Ureña, Francisco Camacho-Ferre, Julio César Tello-Marquina

Titel: Waste Management in the Circular Economy
herausgegeben von: Suhaib A. Bandh
Fayaz A. Malla
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-42426-7
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-42425-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42426-7