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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Water Resources Law

verfasst von : Elisa Aust, Clemens Wirbel, Tian Zhang

Erschienen in: Handbook of Agri-Food Law in China, Germany, European Union

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Water is the main source for human survival and it is also an important environmental resource for all living beings. With the rapid development of the social economy and the accelerated pace of industrialization, water pollution or water waste issues are in some regions very critical, which seriously affects the sustainable development. This article focusses only the interaction between the food security of agricultural products and the fresh land water resources. There is no united definition of fresh water throughout the world, so the definition of the UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) is assumed, which says that freshwater resources includes rivers, lakes and their tributaries, or the entrance and exit of rivers (often referred to as the drainage basin) and groundwater systems.

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100

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That means the oxidable substances of phosphors, of nitrogen, of the organic halogen compounds, of the metals quicksilver, cadmium, chrome, nickel, plumb, copper and the compounds and the toxin concentration of sewage against fish eggs.

102

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109

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110

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112

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113

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116

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118

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120

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121

参《中国21世纪议程》, 第四章, “然资源保护与可持续利” 之C, 载中国环保.

122

Graaf (2004), p. 228.

123

The starting point was the first Water Law of the People’s Republic of China in 1988.

124

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125

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126

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127

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128

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129

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132

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133

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134

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135

Available at: http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Law/2007-12/12/content_1383873.htm. Accessed 06 March 2017.

136

More about the history of the water law in china: http://chinawaterrisk.org/regulations/water-regulation/. Accessed 06 March 2017.

137

The Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China, available at: http://english.court.gov.cn/2015-09/29/content_21308868.htm. Accessed 06 March 2017.

138

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139

Czarneski et al. (2013), p. 261, available at: http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1922&context=lawfaculty. Accessed 06 March 2017.

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141

周珂、桂林、楚道主编:《环境法》, 北京:中国民学出版社2013年版, 第131.

142

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143

Available at: http://www.fdi.gov.cn/1800000121_39_597_0_7.html. Accessed 06 March 2017.

144

Ministry of the Environment of the People’s Republic of China (2013), p. 6 f. available at: http://ecoinnovation.dk/media/mst/94641/130618%20Groundwater%20in%20China_Part%201_Occurrence%20and%20Use.pdf. Accessed 06 March 2017.

145

Global Water Partnership (2015), p. 9, available at: http://www.gwp.org/globalassets/global/toolbox/publications/technical-focus-papers/tfpchina_2015.pdf. Accessed 06 March 2017.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2012), available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2809e/i2809e.pdf. Accessed 06 March 2017.

147

Global Water Partnership (2015), p. 9, available at: http://www.gwp.org/Global/ToolBox/Publications/Technical%20Focus%20Papers/TFPChina_2015.pdf. Accessed 06 March 2017.

148

Article 10 (Environmental Protection Law): “the competent department of the environmental protection administration under the State Council shall conduct the unified supervision and management of environmental protection work throughout the country. The competent departments of the environmental protection administration of the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall conduct the unified supervision and management of environmental protection work within areas under their jurisdiction. Other relevant administrative departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level and the environmental protection departments of military units shall conduct the supervision and administration over resource conservation and environmental-pollution prevention and control in accordance with applicable laws.”

149

Article 8 (Prevention and Control of Water Pollution Law): “the Environmental Protection Department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall carry out unified supervision and administration of water pollution prevention and control. The maritime department supervises and administrates pollution waters. The departments above the county level of water administration, land resources, health, construction, agriculture, fisheries and other departments of or protection agencies for rivers and lakes of river basin water resource, shall supervise and administrate the implementation of the prevention and control of water pollution within the scope of their respective functions and duties.”

150

Article 12 (Water Law): “For water resources, the State applies the system in which the management of river basins is combined with the management of administrative regions; the administrative department for water resources under the State Council is responsible for the unified management and supervision of water resources throughout the country; the institutions for river basin management (hereinafter referred to as river basin authorities, in short) set up by the administrative department for water resources under the State Council for the key rivers and lakes defined as such by the State, shall perform the duties of water resource management and supervision within the limits of their jurisdiction, specified by laws and administrative regulations and assigned to them by the said department; the administrative departments for water resources under the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, within the limits of their specified powers, be responsible for the unified management of and supervision over water resources.”

151

Article 13 (Water Law): “the relevant departments under the State Council shall, in conformity with the division of their duties, be responsible for work relating to the development, utilization, conservation and protection of water resources; the relevant departments under the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in conformity with the division of their duties, be responsible for the development, utilization, conservation and protection of water resources within their administrative regions.”

152

China Water Risk, available at: http://chinawaterrisk.org/regulations/regulatory-institutions/overview-of-china’s-legal-and-supporting-institutional-framework/. Accessed 06 March 2017.

153

Global Water Partnership (2015), p. 11 f., available at: http://www.gwp.org/Global/ToolBox/Publications/Technical%20Focus%20Papers/TFPChina_2015.pdf. Accessed 06 March 2017.

154

China Water Risk, available at: http://chinawaterrisk.org/regulations/regulatory-institutions/overview-of-china’s-legal-and-supporting-institutional-framework/. Accessed 06 March 2017.

155

Introduced in 2015 by the amended Environmental Protection Act, § 54.

156

The Guardian (2016), https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/12/four-fifths-of-chinas-water-from-wells-unsafe-because-of-pollution. Accessed 06 March 2017.

157

范彬:“统筹管理、综合治理突破农村污染治理难题”, 《环境保护》, 2014年第15期, 15–19.

158

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2012), p. 39 f., available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2809e/i2809e.pdf. Accessed 06 March 2017.

159

Yan (2016), available at: http://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/1922268/china-producing-more-grain-ever-imports-and-shortfall. Accessed 06 March 2017.

160

International Institute for Environment and Development (2015), available at: http://www.iied.org/sustainable-agriculture-china-then-now. Accessed 06 March 2017.

161

Global Water Partnership (2015), p. 25 f., available at: http://www.gwp.org/Global/ToolBox/Publications/Technical%20Focus%20Papers/TFPChina_2015.pdf. Accessed 06 March 2017.

162

State Council of the People’s Republic of China, available at: http://en.pkulaw.cn/display.aspx?cgid=167327&lib=law. Accessed 06 March 2017.

163

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Titel: Water Resources Law
verfasst von: Elisa Aust
Clemens Wirbel
Tian Zhang
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Handbook of Agri-Food Law in China, Germany, European Union
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-67665-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-67666-1

Copyright-Jahr: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67666-1_6

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