19. Welding Defects

In a welding process, there can be flaws in the welded joint. The flaws depending on their, size, location and type may be considered as defects. Once these defects are detected, remedial measures are to be implemented to remove them, as because a structure cannot be put to service with defects. Flaws are nothing but imperfections in a welded joint. Welding procedure, joint features, access and welding technique will have direct effect on fabrication imperfections. Incorrect procedure or poor technique may produce imperfections leading to premature failure in service. The majority of the defects encountered in welded structures are primarily due to improper welding procedure. Once the causes are established, the operator can easily correct the problem. Most encountered welding imperfection/defects are lack of penetration (lack of root fusion), lack of fusion, slag inclusion, undercutting, porosity, and weld cracks.