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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. What Is the Ultimate Ancestor? Evidence from Fossils and Gene Analyses

verfasst von : Hiromoto Nakazawa

Erschienen in: Darwinian Evolution of Molecules

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

The current results of science from two research fields approaching the origin of life are reviewed. We will see how close we are to identifying the origin of life by following the biological evolutionary phylogenetic tree provided by evidence from the fossil record and the research results that suggest an “ultimate ancestor” by the analysis of biomolecules, such as genes and proteins.

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Fußnoten
1
Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS).
 
2
Minute Portion Infrared Raman Spectroscopy.
 
3
Secondary ion mass spectrometry is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions.
 
4
There are four stable isotopes in sulfur atoms, i.e., 32S, 33S, 34S, and 35S in the ratio 95.02, 0.75, 4.21, and 0.02%, respectively. Sulfur-reducing bacteria tend to ingest sulfate ions containing “light sulfur (32S)” so that pyrite formed is enriched in the light sulfur isotopes. Because the isotope ratio of “heavy sulfur” (34S) is less than 2/1000 ~ 46/1000, the pyrite is estimated to be formed after bacterial metabolism.
 
5
These are the chemoautotrophs of the chemosynthetic bacteria. They use abiotic hydrogen for their metabolism. Sulfur-reducing bacteria living presently in sludge are chemoheterotrophs since they use biotic hydrogen of bio-organic molecules. Thus, they are a different kind of “sulfur-reducing bacteria” than those described here.
 
6
Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Höckel (1834–1919).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
What Is the Ultimate Ancestor? Evidence from Fossils and Gene Analyses
verfasst von
Hiromoto Nakazawa
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Verlag
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8724-0_3