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The Rise of CCIs: Setting the Scene Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2023 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Where Is Creativity? Data and Methodology to Measure CCIs Across EU Regions

verfasst von : Roberto Dellisanti

Erschienen in: Cultural and Creative Industries and Regional Development

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The quality of the analysis of CCIs locations depends on the quality of data employed. Official statistics miss information that is finely disaggregated, both at the industrial and at the geographical level. The aim of this chapter is to present a novel database built for this work, starting from Orbis data. The most relevant aspect is to measure two determinants of CCIs: creative employment, considered a proper indication of the amount of creatives in a given location, and the degree of innovativeness of these industries in space. The richness of the database created allows maps on the geography of CCIs to be produced according to their different degrees of innovation intensity.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Location Behaviours of CCIs: Towards New Research Trajectories
Nächstes Kapitel Location of CCIs: Innovation and Filière Behind the Scenes
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Fußnoten
1
ATECO is the Italian classification of economic activities (ATtività ECOnomiche). The 2002 version is based on NACE Rev. 1.1.
 
2
The correspondence table (tavola di raccordo tra ATECO 2007 e ATECO 2002) is available through the ISTAT website.
 
3
The database allows mitigation of the possible trade-off between industrial and spatial disaggregation that may emerge in studies like this one. In fact, because of privacy issues, it is usual for firms not to disclose at the same time details on industrial and spatial details. In that case, it would be possible to identify firms that produce a very specific type of good.
 
4
Official news on the acquisition of BvD available at Moody’s Corporation—Press Releases.
 
5
To avoid misconducts, the access to the Historical Orbis platform was allowed only to a dedicated PC at the Technology Transfer Office of the Politecnico di Milano. I thank Massimo Barbieri for his support during this process.
 
6
In most of the cases, each record found in Orbis refers to a specific establishment, even if it belongs to a larger company. For instance, this is the case of national-level companies belonging to a larger group (e.g. Adidas has national branches, each of them representing a single entity). Dropping C2 records from the sample has exactly the aim of preventing the data from containing both the holding company, embedding all employees from all branches, and branches themselves. Therefore, through this methodology the database contains all the different establishments of a group if the information is separated and available; otherwise, if only the data for the headquarter is available, this is considered alone.
 
8
The international classifications for patents (IPC) and trademarks (NCL) can be consulted through the WIPO.
 
9
These variables are in an industry-region scale. The average indicated here refers to the average productivity measured across industries, for each region.
 
10
The subdivision of manufacturing codes according to high-tech propensity follows the criteria provided by Eurostat: Indicators on High-tech industry and Knowledge—intensive services.
 
11
The ownership of works of art, literature, music, multimedia and other protectable works in general resides in their creators (see the EUIPO website for further information).
 
12
FIGARO—Experimental statistics—Eurostat. The FIGARO tables were born to analyse the socio-economic and environmental effects of globalisation also through global value chain relationships.
 
13
The logic can be replicated using the median and not the mean, but minor changes would apply with no relevant theoretical implications.
 
14
The share is calculated using the overall regional employment as denominator. The source can be either Eurostat or ARDECO. The spatial distribution does not present major changes in either of the two cases.
 
15
For an overview of the company, refer to http://​www.​gruppodeagostini​.​it/​.
 
18
LISA are constructed by local Moran’s Is using the toolkit present in GeoDa (Anselin et al. 2002, 2010).
 
19
Usually, international bodies dealing with IPRs prefer an industrial classification of sectors according to the intensity in producing patents, trademarks, or copyrights (EPO and EUIPO 2016; ESA and USPTO 2016; USPTO 2012).
 
20
Technical aspects related to ANOVA are presented in the Appendix 5.2 to this chapter.
 
21
Only significant correlations are shown (p-value < 0.05).
 
22
Post-hoc tests are conducted after the fact, i.e. after a significant ANOVA, and they are used to evaluate among which groups the significant differences exist.
 
23
In Stata, the pwmc command allows to perform multiple comparisons, using methodologies to correct for unequal variances.
 
Literatur
Anselin, L., I. Syabri, and O. Smirnov. 2002. Visualizing Multivariate Spatial Correlation with Dynamically Linked Windows. In New Tools for Spatial Data Analysis, ed. L. Anselin and S. Rey. Proceedings of the Specialist Meeting. University of California, Santa Barbara: Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science (CSISS).
Boix, R. 2013. Creative Industries in Spain: The Case of Printing and Publishing. In Creative Industries and Innovation in Europe, ed. L. Lazzeretti, 65–85. Routledge.
DCMS. 1998. Creative Industries Mapping Documents.
EPO and EUIPO. 2016. Intellectual Property Rights Intensive Industries and Economic Performance in the European Union.
ESA and USPTO. 2016. Intellectual Property and the U.S. Economy: 2016 Update.
Levene, H. 1960. Robust Tests for Equality of Variances. In Contributions to Probability and Statistics: Essays in Honor of Harold Hotelling, ed. I. Olkin, S.G. Ghurye, W. Hoeffding, W.G. Madow, and H.B. Mann, 278–292. Stanford University Press.
Lorenzen, M., and L. Frederiksen. 2007. Why Do Cultural Industries Cluster? Localization, Urbanization, Products and Projects. In Creative Cities, Cultural Clusters and Local Economic Development, ed. P. Cooke and L. Lazzeretti. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Paniccia, P., A. Minguzzi, and M. Valeri. 2011. Coevoluzione tra impresa e destinazione turistica: l’esperienza innovativa dell’albergo diffuso. In Creatività, innovazione e territorio: Ecosistemi del valore per la competizione globale, ed. L. Pilotti, 405–463. Il Mulino.
Santagata, W. 2009. White Paper on Creativity. Towards an Italian Model of Development, ed. W. Santagata. Università Bocconi Editore.
Scott, A.J. 2005. On Hollywood. Princeton University Press.
USPTO. 2012. Intellectual Property and the U.S. Economy: Industries in Focus.
WIPO. 2003. Guide on Surveying the Economic Contribution of the Copyright-Based Industries.
Metadaten
Titel
Where Is Creativity? Data and Methodology to Measure CCIs Across EU Regions
verfasst von
Roberto Dellisanti
Copyright-Jahr
2023
Buch
Cultural and Creative Industries and Regional Development

Print ISBN: 978-3-031-29623-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-29624-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2023

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29624-6_5