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2016 | Buch

Theoretical Perspectives on User Engagement Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Why Engagement Matters

Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives of User Engagement in Digital Media

herausgegeben von: Heather O'Brien, Paul Cairns

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

User Engagement (UE) is a complex concept to investigate. The purpose of this book is not to constrain UE to one perspective, but to offer a well-rounded appreciation for UE across various domains and disciplines. The text begins with two foundational chapters that describe theoretical and methodological approaches to user engagement; the remaining contributions examine UE from different disciplinary perspectives and across a range of computer-mediated environments, including social and communications media, online search, eLearning, games, and eHealth. The book concludes by bringing together the cross-disciplinary perspectives presented in each chapter and proposing an agenda for future research in this area.

The book will appeal to established and emerging academic and industry researchers looking to pursue research and its challenges. This includes scholars at all levels with an interest in user engagement with digital media, from students to experienced researchers, and professionals in the fields of computer science, web technology, information science, museum studies, learning and health sciences, human-computer interaction, information architecture and design, and creative arts.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Theoretical Perspectives on User Engagement
Abstract
This chapter examines the theoretical foundations of user engagement. First, the definition of user engagement is deconstructed using key principles for evaluating concepts: clarity, scope and meaning. Second, two theoretical frameworks, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s Flow Theory and John Dewey’s Philosophy of Experience, are presented that have informed much work on user engagement over the past decades. Third, several measurement and behavioural models of user engagement are articulated and compared. Though not an exhaustive review of the literature, the chapter identifies key works on user engagement over the past 30 years and areas of consensus and divergence in how user engagement is conceptualized in the research. The purpose of the chapter is not to propose a unified theory of engagement but to present a series of unifying propositions and open questions to inform future studies and to strengthen the theoretical framing of user engagement in theory and application
Heather O’Brien
Translating Theory into Methodological Practice
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the User Engagement Scale (UES), a 31 item experiential questionnaire that measures six dimensions of user engagement: novelty, felt involvement, focused attention, aesthetic appeal, perceived usability, and endurability. The UES has been adopted and adapted to measure engagement in various domains, including online search, news, and video; educational, haptic, consumer, and social networking applications; and video games. Over 50 studies are synthesized to examine the dimensionality, reliability, validity and generalizability of the UES. In addition to illuminating the strengths and weaknesses of the UES as a measurement tool, this chapter uses the UES to explore the reciprocal relationship between theory and the development and application of measurement instruments in user experience research
Heather O’Brien
eLearning
Abstract
This chapter considers the value of engagement in eLearning environments where engagement is, of course, not the end goal of the interaction. Rather, engagement mediates learners’ short- and long-term goals and the formal and self-evaluative outcomes that indicate progress toward those goals. The chapter uses theories of learning to elaborate models of engagement “as a necessary pre-condition to learning” that inform the design of eLearning environments. The full model is then illustrated through two case studies derived from an experiment and a massive open online course. These reinforce the theoretically derived characteristics of engaging eLearning environments within these very different settings.
Eric Wiebe, David Sharek
Engagement in Digital Games
Abstract
This chapter draws upon O’Brien’s Process Model of User Engagement to situate the game experience literature on digital games. The temporal aspects of game play are characterised at the different stages of engagement: from point of engagement, through sustained engagement, disengagement and re-engagement This analysis highlights that the Process Model fails to capture two essential aspects of digital game engagement: individual differences, or why specific people play specific games; and the way in which players engage outside of the game, for example, thinking about the game when they are not playing it, which may result in looking for information that will support and progress game play at a future point. This challenges the general approach of conceptualising engagement in games as occurring within a single gaming session.
Paul Cairns
Designing for User Experience and Engagement
Abstract
This chapter proposes a design framework for user engagement based on the background knowledge of theories and models that underpin design thinking and that foreground knowledge of principles and heuristics that can be applied when designing. The chapter presents a model that encompasses the context of use and leads to the criteria that can be selected to target the evaluation of engaging experiences. The chapter is rich in examples of engaging design and emphasizes, in particular, the affective components of users: both their personal dispositions and the emotions engendered through interaction. The goal of this chapter is to provide design knowledge and inspiration rather than being a “how to” approach to engaging design.
Alistair Sutcliffe
User Engagement with Digital Health Technologies
Abstract
This chapter approaches engagement with eHealth resources around four main areas of interest: knowledge or attitude change, impact at the point of care, integrative digital storytelling and professional communities of practice. Each of these ideas is explored and illustrated with concrete examples of eHealth technologies designed and adapted to meet the needs of a specific group of health consumers or practitioners. The chapter also raises the important issue that eHealth resources cannot be engaged with unless people, first, know that they exist and, second are able to access them physically and intellectually.
Patty Kostkova
Engagement in Information Search
Abstract
This chapter examines user engagement in interactive information search systems, drawing upon research in information retrieval, information behavior, and human-computer interaction. The authors describe small-scale, laboratory-based studies and large-scale, online search studies to illuminate the factors of systems (e.g., architecture), users (e.g. individual differences), and tasks (e.g. degree of complexity) that impact engagement outcomes. Throughout this chapter, the range of self-report, behavioral, and physiological methods that inform information search engagement research, along with their benefits and limitations are discussed. The authors argue that engagement is central to search success but that studying search engagement is challenging due to the number of factors that impact information search. Mixed methods approaches that combine subjective and objective measures can equip researchers to meet these challenges.
Ashlee Edwards, Diane Kelly
User Engagement with Interactive Media: A Communication Perspective
Abstract
This chapter builds on previous work that positions user engagement on the user involvement continuum and suggests that user engagement is comprised of physical interactions with media, cognitive involvement, absorption in media content, and behavioral outcomes in the form of outreach or media participation. The authors explore medium or interface characteristics and individual differences in the form of “power users” as determinants of user engagement, and persuasion as an outcome. An empirical example is user to illustrate the relationship between physical interactions, cognitive engagement, imagery engagement, and user attitudes and behavioral intentions. The chapter acknowledges and seeks to remedy the challenge associated with integrating conceptual frameworks of user engagement into design principles.
Jeeyun Oh, S. Shyam Sundar
A Model of Social Media Engagement: User Profiles, Gratifications, and Experiences
Abstract
This chapter presents a model of social media engagement. The model’s components–presentation of self, action and participation, uses and gratifications, positive experiences, usage and activity counts, and social context–are discussed in depth with relevant evidence and examples. The model supports the main thrust of the chapter to combine tangible, e.g., usage and activity counts, and more abstract, e.g., positive user experiences, indicators of engagement in order to better understand why people engage with social media, the extent to which they engage, what social media platforms they interact with, and the outcomes of their engagement. The chapter includes illustrative case studies and concludes with some thought-provoking questions to guide future research, including the ethical and social implications of social media engagement
Lori McCay-Peet, Anabel Quan-Haase
Conclusions
Abstract
Throughout this book, we have seen the importance placed on user engagement by researchers representing a variety of disciplinary perspectives and working in diverse technological domains. A major conclusion we can draw from the contributed chapters is that engagement is an important mediator of the user experience. This is stated explicitly by Wiebe and Sharek who place engagement squarely between students’ goals and learning outcomes in eLearning environments. Although it may not be as explicitly (or simply) stated in other chapters, this centrality is a common theme. Engagement is positioned as a mediating variable between user characteristics, motivations, and preferences and individual’s ability to locate information, be entertained, learn, or connect with content or others. It is intertwined with the tasks people perform and the complexity of these tasks, as well as the content conveyed and how it is delivered. Ultimately, the hope is that user engagement will affect some kind of change in users for the better—be it affective, cognitive, or behavioural.
Heather O’Brien, Paul Cairns
Metadaten
Titel
Why Engagement Matters
herausgegeben von
Heather O'Brien
Paul Cairns
Copyright-Jahr
2016
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-27446-1
Print ISBN
978-3-319-27444-7
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27446-1

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