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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. Work, Wealth, and the Sociology of Postmodernism

verfasst von : Bradley Bowden

Erschienen in: Work, Wealth, and Postmodernism

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

In recent decades a number of economic and sociological transformations have underpinned postmodernism’s popularity. Since the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–08, the pace of global economic expansion has more than halved. Real wages have stagnated or declined. Labour force participation has also fallen. Such problems add credence to the postmodernist view that modern capitalist societies suffer from irredeemable problems. Postmodernism has also benefited from a marked increase in the university-educated, professional population. In most advanced societies more than a quarter of adults now boast a degree. Many of these professionals are in areas of the economy—government, education, health—sheltered from market forces. Such placement encourages the delusion that issues such as national productivity and economic growth have no great significance.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Postmodernism in Business Studies

Nächstes Kapitel Reflections

Jean-Francois Lyotard (trans. Geoffrey Bennington and Rachel Bowlby), The Inhuman, (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1988), 105.

Stephen Cummings, Todd Bridgman, John Hassard and Michael Rowlinson, A New History of Management, (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2017), 177; Jacques Derrida (trans. Peggy Kamuf), Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning and the New International, (New York and London: Routledge Classics, 2006), 106.

Derrida, Specters of Marx, 106.

Bernard Burnes and Bill Cooke, “Review article: The past, present and future of organization development – taking the long view”, Human Relations, Vol. 65, No. 11 (2012), 1416.

International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, October 2017, (Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2017), xiii.

Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man, (New York, NY: Free Press, 1992); Francis Fukuyama, “The end of history?”, The National Interest, Vol. 16 (1989), 3–18.

Francis Fukuyama, Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy, (New York, NY: Farrer, Straus and Giroux, 2014), 545–46.

Thomas Piketty (trans. Arthur Goldhammer), Capital in the Twenty-First Century, (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2014), 1.

Richard Cantillon (trans. Chantal Saucier), An Essay on Economic Theory, (Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2010), 21.

Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Book I, Chap. V, para. 17.

Cummings, Bridgman, Hassard, and Rowlinson, New History of Management, 314. Although it is true that Smith did not use the term laissez faire, it is nevertheless the case that his concepts were premised on free market exchanges.

World Bank Group, Global Economic Prospects, June 2017: A Fragile Recovery, (Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2017), 7.

Ibid., 51–55.

Ibid., 8.

Ibid., 75.

International Monetary Fund, Global Financial Report, October 2017, (Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2017), Fig. 1.23, http://www.imf.org/en/publications/gfsr/issues/2017/09/27/global-financial-stability-report-october-2017 [Accessed 29 November 2017].

Ibid., x.

Ibid., 63.

Paul C. Godfrey, John Hassard, Ellen S. O’Connor, Michael Rowlinson, and Martin Ruf, “What is organizational history? Toward a creative synthesis of history and organization studies: introduction to special topic forum”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 41, No. 4 (2016), 595.

Our World in Data, Tertiary Education, https://ourworldindata.org/tertiary-education/#the-historical-perspective-religion-and-higher-education [Accessed 29 November 2017]. Our World in Data is a joint Oxford University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology project.

Michel Foucault (trans. Robert Hurley), The History of Sexuality – An Introduction, (New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 1978), 94.

Gibson Burrell, “Modernism, postmodernism and organizational analysis: The contribution of Michel Foucault”, in Alan Mckinlay and Ken Starkey (Eds.), Foucault, Management and Organization Theory, (London, UK: Sage, 1998), 21.

John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, (London and Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan, 1973), 61.

Smith, Wealth of Nations, Book I, Chap. VII, para. 3.

See, for example: Kathryn Moeller and Rebecca Tarlau, “Thomas Piketty’s relevance for the study of education: reflections on the political economy of education”, British Journal of Sociology of Education, Vol. 37, No. 6 (2016), 805–09; Karen Ho, “Supermanagers, inequality and finance”, Journal of Ethnographic Theory, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2015), 481–88; Paul Krugman, “Why we’re in a New Gilded Age”, New York Review of Books, 8 May 2014, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2014/05/08/thomas-piketty-new-gilded-age/ [Accessed 29 November 2017]; Robert Solow, “Thomas Piketty is right”, New Republic, 22 April 2014, https://newrepublic.com/article/117429/capital-twenty-first-century-thomas-piketty-reviewed [Accessed 29 November 2017].

Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, 48.

Ibid., 114.

Fernand Braudel (trans. Sian Reynolds), The Identity of France: People and Production, (London, UK: Fontana Press, 1991), 666.

Cantillon, Essay on Economic Theory, 62.

Ibid., 93.

Ibid.

Calculated from: World Bank, On-line Database: World Development Indicators, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.KD?year_high_desc=tru [Accessed 29 November 2017].

Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, 93–94; Calculated from, World Bank, On-line Database: GDP per Capita Indicators, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.KD?year_high_desc=true [Accessed 30 November 2017].

Calculated from, World Bank, GDP per Capita Indicators, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG?year_high_desc=true [Accessed 30 November 2017].

World Bank Group, Global Economic Prospects, 29, Fig. 1.17; 8, Fig. 1.5.C.

International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, October 2017, (Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2017), 100, Annex Fig. 2.2.3, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2017/09/19/world-economic-outlook-october-2017 [Accessed 5 December 2017].

IMF, Global Financial Report, Fig. 1.23.

Ibid.

Keynes, General Theory, 126–27.

World Bank Group, Global Economic Prospects, Fig. 2.1.2.B.

E.P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class, (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1963), 453–54.

In calculating the employment rate, the unemployment rate is first reduced to a percentage of the total male or female population. So, for example, if the participation rate was 90 per cent and the unemployment rate was 10 per cent, the percentage of the population in work is 81 per cent. This adjustment is necessary due to unemployment being expressed as a percentage of the labour force rather than the total population.

Employment figures from 1990 are drawn from: World Bank, On-line Database: Gender Indicators, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS?view=chart [Accessed 1 December 2017]. Figures prior to 1990 were calculated from the labour force figures in the US Census Bureau’s Statistical Abstracts, https://www.census.gov/library/publications/time-series/statistical_abstracts.html [Accessed 1 December 2017].

Mira Toossi, “A century of change: the U.S. labor force, 1950–2050”, Monthly Labor Review, (May 2002), 18.

Adjusted for population, the 8.6 per cent unemployment rate equates to 4.95 per cent of the working-age female population being out of work. In 1990, the unemployment rate of 6.38 per cent meant that 3.59 per cent of working-age females were officially unemployed.

Calculated from Work Bank, On-line Database: Gender Indicators; United States Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1961, (Washington, DC: United States Census Bureau, 1954), 203. The 1940 figures for “employed” are those from the Statistical Abstract.

Calculated from Work Bank, On-line Database: Gender Indicators.

Calculated from Ibid.

IMF, Global Financial Stability Report, Fig. 2.1.

Mairi Maclean, Charles Harvey and Stewart R. Clegg, “Conceptualizing historical organization studies”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 41, No. 4 (2016), 623.

Ibid.

Ibid., 627; Godfrey, Hassard, O’Connor, Rowlinson, and Ruf, “What is organizational history?”, 595.

Maclean, Harvey, and Clegg, “Conceptualizing historical organization studies”, 623.

United States Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract, 1961, 207.

United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics – National, October 2017, https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ceseeb1a.htm [Accessed 4 December 2017].

Bradly Bowden, “The rise and decline of Australian unionism: a history of industrial labour from the 1820s to 2010”, Labour History, No. 100 (May 2011), 51–82; Australian Bureau of Statistics, Characteristics of Employment, Australia, August 2016, (Canberra, AUS: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2017), http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/6333.0August%202016?OpenDocument [Accessed 26 June 2017].

Max Roser and Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, “Tertiary education”, Our World in Data, https://ourworldindata.org/tertiary-education/#data-sources [Accessed 3 December 2017].

Ibid.

Smith, Wealth of Nations, Book III, Chap. III, para. 1.

Ibid., Book I, Chap. V, para. 4.

United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics – National, October 2017.

Fukuyama, Political Order and Political Decay, 546.

Roy Jacques and Gabrielle Durepos, “A history of management histories: Does the story of our past and the way we tell it matter”, in Patricia Genoe McLaren, Albert J. Mills, and Terrance Weatherbee (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Management and Organizational History, (London and New York: Routledge, 2015), 104.

Bert Spector, “Capitalist ideologies and the Cold War ‘struggle for men’s minds’”, in Patricia Genoe McLaren, Albert J. Mills, and Terrance Weatherbee (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Management and Organizational History, (London and New York: Routledge, 2015), 297.

Bernard Burnes and Bill Cooke, “Review article: The past, present and future of organization development – taking the long view”, Human Relations, Vol. 65, No. 11 (2012), 1417.

Michael Rowlinson and Chris Carter, “Foucault and history in organization studies”, Organization, Vol. 9, No. 4 (2002), 540.

Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, 48.

Titel: Work, Wealth, and the Sociology of Postmodernism
verfasst von: Bradley Bowden
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Work, Wealth, and Postmodernism
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76179-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-76180-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76180-0_8

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