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2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

10. Yemen

verfasst von : P. R. Kumaraswamy, Md. Muddassir Quamar

Erschienen in: Persian Gulf 2019

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

India was directly affected by the Yemeni conflict and, in 2015, had to rescue its citizens caught in the conflict through evacuation. New Delhi has been concerned over the worsening situation and its fallout on the Sea Lines of Communication (SLoC) that passes through the Bab al-Mandeb, which is critical for the global oil supplies from the Persian Gulf. Any disruption of the SLoC will stress the developing economies of the world, including India that depends on the energy trade with the Gulf. Hence, New Delhi has been supporting the UN-sponsored mediation efforts towards ending the conflict. India has also been contributing humanitarian aid to Yemen in the form of food and medicine supplies through the UN-recognized Yemeni government and has participated in the Friends of Yemen conference to generate funds for humanitarian assistance.

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Fußnoten
1
A special election was held on 21 February 2012 to remove Ali Abdullah Saleh under the terms of a Gulf Cooperation Council-mediated deal during the political crisis of 2011.
 
2
The number of Indian nationals, which was estimated around 14,000 in 2010, declined to about 5000 by June 2011 following political instability and violence in the country. However, only around 3000 Indians are currently registered with the embassy.
 
3
United Nations Security Council. 2019. ‘Amid Humanitarian Crisis, Yemen Advancing towards Peace as Ceasefire in Hodeidah, Key Ports Holds, Special Envoy Tells Security Council’, 9 January, https://​www.​un.​org/​press/​en/​2019/​sc13659.​doc.​htm, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
4
The Guardian. 2018. ‘Yemeni Group Launches Lawsuit against Saudi Crown Prince in Paris’, 10 April, http://​www.​theguardian.​com/​world/​2018/​apr/​10/​yemeni-group-launches-lawsuit-against-saudi-crown-prince-in-paris, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
5
Al-Jazeera. 2017. ‘Yemen: Ex-President Ali Abdullah Saleh Killed’, 10 December, https://​www.​aljazeera.​com/​news/​2017/​12/​houthi-media-ali-abdullah-saleh-killed-sanaa-171204123328290.​html, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
6
BBC News. 2019. ‘Yemen Profile—Timeline’, 18 February, https://​www.​bbc.​com/​news/​world-middle-east-14704951, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
7
Xinhua. 2018. ‘Yemen’s President Returns to Aden from Saudi Arabia’, 15 June, http://​www.​xinhuanet.​com/​english/​2018-06/​15/​c_​137254332.​htm, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
8
Al-Jazeera. 2018. ‘Saudi Arabia, UAE, Launch Attack on Yemen’s Port City of Hudaida’, 13 June, https://​www.​aljazeera.​com/​news/​2018/​06/​saudi-uae-launch-attack-yemen-port-city-hudaida-180613054921062.​html, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
9
Human Rights Watch. 2018. ‘Saudi Arabia/Yemen: Houthi Missile Attacks Unlawful’, 2 April, https://​www.​hrw.​org/​news/​2018/​04/​02/​saudi-arabia/​yemen-houthi-missile-attacks-unlawful, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
10
International Crisis Group. 2019. ‘Bab al-Mandab, Yemen’, 29 May, https://​www.​crisisgroup.​org/​it/​node/​5813, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
11
Al-Jazeera. ‘Saudi Arabia, UAE, Launch Attack on Yemen’s Port City of Hudaida’.
 
12
BBC News. 2018. ‘Yemen War: Saudi-Led Air Strike on Bus Kills 29 Children’, 9 August, https://​www.​bbc.​com/​news/​world-middle-east-45128367, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
13
The New York Times. 2018. ‘Saudi Coalition Admits Error in Yemen Airstrike That Killed Dozens’, 2 September, https://​www.​nytimes.​com/​2018/​09/​02/​world/​middleeast/​saudi-arabia-yemen-strike.​html, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
14
Doucet, Lyse. 2018. ‘Ending Yemen’s Never-Ending War’, in BBC News, 23 August, https://​www.​bbc.​com/​news/​world-middle-east-45270225, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
15
Nebehay, Stephanie. 2018. ‘Yemen Peace Talks Collapse in Geneva after Houthi Noshow’, in Reuters, 8 September, https://​www.​reuters.​com/​article/​us-yemen-security-un-idUSKCN1LO08Z, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
16
Ibid.
 
17
Ibid.
 
18
Ibid.
 
19
His resignation in December 2018 over President Donald Trump’s policy shift vis-à-vis Syria was a setback to the Yemeni talks.
 
20
Seligman, Lara and Gramer, Robbie. 2018. ‘U.S. Pushes for Cease-Fire in Yemen’, in Foreign Policy, 31 October, https://​foreignpolicy.​com/​2018/​10/​31/​u-s-pushes-for-cease-fire-in-yemen/​, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
21
United Nations Security Council. 2018. ‘Stockholm Agreement’, 20 December, https://​undocs.​org/​S/​2018/​1134, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
22
Borger, Julian. 2018. ‘UN Agrees Yemen Ceasefire Resolution after Fraught Talks and US Veto Threat’, in The Guardian, 21 December, https://​www.​theguardian.​com/​world/​2018/​dec/​21/​un-yemen-ceasfire-stockholm-resolution-us, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
23
The World Bank. 2018. GDP Data, https://​data.​worldbank.​org/​indicator/​NY.​GDP.​MKTP.​CD?​locations=​YE, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
24
Taylor, Erin. 2018. ‘Yemen: An Additional One Million Children at Risk of Famine as Food and Fuel Prices Soar’, in Save the Children, 18 September, https://​www.​savethechildren.​org/​us/​about-us/​media-and-news/​2018-press-releases/​yemen-additional-one-million-children-risk-of-famine, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
25
Ibid.
 
26
The New York Times. 2018. ‘Saudi Coalition Admits Error in Yemen Airstrike That Killed Dozens’, 2 September, https://​www.​nytimes.​com/​2018/​09/​02/​world/​middleeast/​saudi-arabia-yemen-strike.​html, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
27
United Nations Security Council Report. 2018. ‘The Situation in the Middle East’, 23 October, https://​www.​securitycouncilr​eport.​org/​atf/​cf/​%7b65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7d/​s_​pv_​8379.​pdf, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
28
Ibid.
 
29
Save the Children. 2017. ‘Alarming Cholera Spike in Yemen Coastal Region’, 1 September, https://​www.​savethechildren.​org.​uk/​news/​media-centre/​press-releases/​alarming-cholera-spike-yemen-coastal-region, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
30
United Nations Security Council. ‘The Situation in the Middle East’.
 
31
UNICEF. 2019. ‘Humanitarian Action for Children 2019—Yemen’, in Relief Web, 29 January, https://​m.​reliefweb.​int/​report/​2970689, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
32
Save the Children. 2017. ‘Alarming Cholera Spike in Yemen Coastal Region’.
 
33
World Health Organization. 2018. ‘Outbreak Update—Cholera in Yemen, 7 December 2018’, in Relief Web, 7 December, https://​reliefweb.​int/​report/​yemen/​outbreak-update-cholera-yemen-7-december-2018, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
34
‘A famine is declared when the three thresholds of food insecurity, acute malnutrition and mortality are all breached together. The three criteria are that at least one household in five faces an extreme lack of food, that more than 30 percent of children under the age of five are suffering from acute malnutrition or wasting, and that at least two out of every 10,000 people are dying each and every day,’ Mark Lowcock, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, UN.
 
35
United Nations Security Council. 2018. Security Council Report: Chronology of Events-Yemen, 6 December, https://​www.​securitycouncilr​eport.​org/​chronology/​yemen.​php, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
36
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 2016. ‘Yemen: Cholera Outbreak—Oct 2016’, in Relief Web, 6 October, https://​m.​reliefweb.​int/​disaster/​37281/​ep-2016-000107-yem, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
37
United Nations Security Council Report. 2018. ‘The Situation in the Middle East’.
 
38
Al-Jazeera. 2018. ‘Saudi Arabia, UAE, Launch Attack on Yemen’s Port City of Hudaida’, 13 June, https://​www.​aljazeera.​com/​news/​2018/​06/​saudi-uae-launch-attack-yemen-port-city-hudaida-180613054921062.​html, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
39
United Nations Security Council Report. 2018. ‘The Situation in the Middle East’.
 
40
The Economic Times. 2018. ‘Narendra Modi’s Call to Saudi King Helped India’s Operation “Rahat” in Yemen: Sushma Swaraj’, 7 January, https://​economictimes.​indiatimes.​com/​news/​politics-and-nation/​narendra-modis-call-to-saudi-king-helped-indias-operation-rahat-in-yemen-sushma-swaraj/​articleshow/​62405284.​cms, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
41
For details see Dipanwita Chakrovortty, Persian Gulf 2016–17. (Chakrovortty, Dipanwita. 2017. ‘Yemen’, in Persian Gulf 2016–17: India’s Relations with the Region, P. R. Kumaraswamy and Meena Singh Roy (Eds.), Pentagon Press, Delhi.)
 
42
Persian Gulf 2018, p. 223.
 
43
Government of India (GoI), Ministry of External Affairs (MEA). 2017. ‘India’s Humanitarian Assistance to Republic of Yemen’, 27 December, https://​mea.​gov.​in/​press-releases.​htm?​dtl/​29255/​indias+humanitar​ian+assistance+t​o+republic+of+ye​men, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
44
Bhattacherjee, Kallol. 2018. ‘Arab Group Wants India on Board in Yemen’, in The Hindu, 18 June, https://​www.​thehindu.​com/​news/​national/​arab-group-wants-india-on-board-in-yemen/​article24194744.​ece, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
45
Ibid.
 
46
Al Sati, Saud. 2018. ‘Yemen War: Saudi Arabia Forced to Act, Says Riyadh’s Envoy to New Delhi’, in The Hindu, 14 August, https://​www.​thehindu.​com/​news/​national/​yemen-war-saudi-arabia-forced-to-act-says-riyadhs-envoy-to-new-delhi/​article24693172.​ece, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
47
Ibid.
 
48
GoI, MEA. ‘India’s Humanitarian Assistance to Republic of Yemen’.
 
49
GoI, Embassy of India, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen. ‘Indian Diaspora in Yemen’, http://​eoisanaa.​org/​indian-diaspora-in-yemen/​, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
50
GoI, MEA. 2016. ‘Travel Advisory for Indian Nationals Travelling to Yemen’, 1 April, https://​mea.​gov.​in/​press-releases.​htm?​dtl/​26588/​travel+advisory+​for+indian+natio​nals+travelling+​to+yemen, last accessed on 3 June 2019.
 
Metadaten
Titel
Yemen
verfasst von
P. R. Kumaraswamy
Md. Muddassir Quamar
Copyright-Jahr
2020
Verlag
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1432-6_10