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Journal of Business Economics

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01.04.2015 | Original Paper

Me, myself, and my university: a multilevel analysis of individual and institutional determinants of academic performance

verfasst von: Jutta Wollersheim, Annett Lenz, Isabell M. Welpe, Matthias Spörrle

Erschienen in: Journal of Business Economics | Ausgabe 3/2015

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Abstract

Academic performance is widely considered a major predictor of a university’s success. Matching individual primary data from an online questionnaire (N = 1,057 doctoral and postdoctoral junior faculty members of German business and economics faculties at 65 different universities) with secondary institutional data, we investigate and compare the influence of individual-level variables (i.e., gender, work motivation) and an organizational-level variable (i.e., involvement in the excellence initiative) on individual-level academic performance. By using hierarchical linear modeling for our data analyses, we consider interactions across individual and institutional levels and take institutional level variance into account. Our data indicate that on the individual level, women outperform male scholars and that both intrinsic and extrinsic work motivations are positively related to academic performance. On an institutional level, the involvement of business and/or economics faculties in the excellence initiative had no significant effect on academic performance. However, involvement in the excellence initiative (i.e., in graduate schools and/or clusters of excellence) moderated the relationship between extrinsic work motivation and academic performance in such a way that highly extrinsically motivated respondents employed by faculties that were involved performed significantly worse than highly extrinsically motivated respondents employed by non-involved faculties.

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HLM is able to deal with unequal group sizes (please also see Snijders and Bosker 2011).

Additionally, we built two variables that separately measure (1) whether the business and/or economics faculty of a university was involved in a graduate school (i.e., involvement in a graduate school) and (2) whether business and/or economics were listed as participating subject area for a cluster of excellence in which an institution was actively involved (i.e., involvement in cluster of excellence). Both variables were included as dummy variables (0 = not involved, 1 = involved).

This result is robust when the control variables are not included in the model, γ = −0.08, SE = 0.03, p = 0.01. However, this result is not robust when self-assessed research performance (for the measurement of this variable, please see Ringelhan et al. (2013)) is used as the criterion (instead of academic performance), γ = 0.27, SE = 0.05, p < 0.001; using research performance rather than academic performance as the criterion, H1a was confirmed. Please note that the sample size reduced to N = 1,028 for all analyses using self-assessed research performance rather than academic performance as criterion in this manuscript because some respondents included in the sample of our study did not (completely) respond to the scale measuring self-assessed research performance.

This result is robust when the control variables are not included in the model, γ = 0.21, SE = 0.03, p < 0.001. This result is also robust when self-assessed research performance is used as the criterion, γ = 0.34, SE = 0.05, p < 0.001.

The results reported here slightly differ from the results displayed in Model 3 because in Model 3, gender, intrinsic work motivation and extrinsic work motivation are all included in the model at once. By contrast, the results reported here refer to models where either gender or intrinsic work motivation or extrinsic work motivation is included as a predictor at the individual level. However, the results are robust when including all individual-level predictors at once.

This result is robust when the control variables are not included in the model, γ = −0.00, SE = 0.03, ns. This result is also robust when self-assessed research performance is used as the criterion, γ = 0.14, SE = 0.07, ns. However, using research performance, the result is at least marginally significant (p = 0.06).

This result is robust when the predictor variable “involvement in the excellence initiative” is replaced by the variable “involvement in a graduate school”, γ = 0.01, SE = 0.03, ns, or by the variable “involvement in a cluster of excellence”, γ = −0.03, SE = 0.03, ns.

This result is robust when the control variables are not included in the model, γ = 0.03, SE = 0.05, ns. This result is also robust when self-assessed research performance is used as the criterion, γ = −0.02, SE = 0.05, ns.

This result is robust when the predictor variable “involvement in the excellence initiative” is replaced by the variable “involvement in a graduate school”, γ = 0.01, SE = 0.06, ns, or by the variable “involvement in a cluster of excellence”, γ = −0.07, SE = 0.05, ns.

This result is robust when the control variables are not included in the model, γ = 0.00, SE = 0.05, ns. This result is also robust when self-assessed research performance is used as the criterion, γ = 0.08, SE = 0.12, ns.

This result is robust when the predictor variable “involvement in the excellence initiative” is replaced by the variable “involvement in a graduate school”, γ = −0.01, SE = 0.07, ns, or by the variable “involvement in a cluster of excellence”, γ = 0.03, SE = 0.07, ns.

This result is robust when the control variables are not included in the model, γ = −0.12, SE = 0.05, p < 0.05. This result tends to be robust when self-assessed research performance is used as the criterion, γ = −0.14, SE = 0.08, p = 0.10.

This result is robust when the predictor variable “involvement in the excellence initiative” is replaced by the variable “involvement in a graduate school”, γ = −0.14, SE = 0.05, p < 0.01, but it is not robust when the predictor variable is replaced by the variable “involvement in a cluster of excellence”, γ = −0.02, SE = 0.11, ns.

Please note that this finding was not robust when self-assessed research performance was used as the criterion (instead of academic performance); using research performance rather than academic performance as the criterion, H1a was confirmed. Thus, the arguments mentioned here should be considered with care.

Please note that, however, this result is robust when self-assessed research performance is used as the criterion.

Only 14 universities had more than 20 scholars respond and indicate their affiliation.

We thank an anonymous reviewer for this valuable comment.

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Titel: Me, myself, and my university: a multilevel analysis of individual and institutional determinants of academic performance
verfasst von: Jutta Wollersheim
Annett Lenz
Isabell M. Welpe
Matthias Spörrle
Publikationsdatum: 01.04.2015
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Journal of Business Economics / Ausgabe 3/2015
Print ISSN: 0044-2372
Elektronische ISSN: 1861-8928
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-014-0735-3

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