ABSTRACT
Movement, or mobility, is key to the accessibility, design, and usability of many hypermedia resources (websites); and key to good mobility is context and preview by probing. This is especially the case for visually impaired users when a hypertext anchor is inaccurately described or is described out of context. This means confusion and disorientation. Mobility is similarly reduced when the link target of the anchor has no relationship to the expected information present on the hypertext node (web-page). We suggest that confident movement with purpose, ease, and accuracy can only be achieved when complete contextual information and an accurate description of the proposed destination (preview) are available. Our past work (1) deriving mobility heuristics from mobility models, (2) transforming web-pages based on these heuristics, and(3) building tools to analyse and access these transformed pages; has shown us that a tool to expand context and preview would be useful. In this paper we describe the development of such a middleware tool to automatically and dynamically annotate web-pages with additional context information present within the page, and preview information present within hypertext link destinations found on the page.
- WebCleaner. http://webcleaner.sourceforge.net.Google Scholar
- R. Barrett, P. P. Maglio, and D. C. Kellem. How to personalize the web. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pages 75--82. ACM Press, 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Bates. The design of browsing and berrypicking techniques for the online search interface. Online Review, 13(5):407--424, 1989.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Brambring. Mobility and orientation processes of the blind. In D. H. Warren and E. R. Strelow, editors, Electronic Spatial Sensing for the Blind, pages 493--508, USA, 1984. Dordrecht, Lancaster, Nijhoff.Google Scholar
- O. Buyukkokten, H. G. Molina, A. Paepcke, and T. Winograd. Power browser: Efficient web browsing for PDAs. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pages 430--437. ACM Press, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- E. Carmel, S. Crawford, and H. Chen. Browsing in hypertext: a cognitive study. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 22(5):865--883, 1992.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S.-J. Chang and R. E. Rice. Browsing: a multidimensional framework. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 28:231--276, 1993.Google Scholar
- C. Chen. Structuring and visualising the www by generalised similarity analysis. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia, New York, USA, 1997. ACM Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Chieko and C. Lewis. Home page reader: IBM's talking web browser. In Closing the Gap Conference Proceedings, 1998.Google Scholar
- Codix.net;. Textualize;. http://codix.net/solutions/products/textualise/index.html.Google Scholar
- J. F. Cove and B. C. Walsh. Online text retrieval via browsing. Information Processing & Management, 24(1):31--37, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- U. Cress. Previews in hypertexts: effects on navigation and knowledge acquisition. J Comp Assist Learn, 19(4):517--517, 2003.Google ScholarCross Ref
- R. Furuta. Hypertext paths and the www: Experiences with walden's paths. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia, New York, USA, 1997. ACM Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. Goble, S. Harper, and R. Stevens. The travails of visually impaired web travellers. In Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM on Hypertext and hypermedia, pages 1-10, New York, USA, 2000. ACM Press. Towel Project (http://towel.man.ac.uk) - Winner of the Doug Engelbart Award for Best Paper at ACM Hypertext 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Harper, R. Stevens, and C. Goble. Towel: Real world mobility on the web. In J. Vanderdonckt and A. Puerta, editors, Computer-Aided Design of User Interfaces II, pages 305--314. Kluwer Academic, 1999. Towel Project (http://towel.man.ac.uk). Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Hori, G. Kondoh, K. Ono, S. ichi Hirose, and S. Singhal. Annotation-based web content transcoding. In In Proceedings of 9th International World Wide Web Conference, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Jul and G. W. Furnas. Navigation in electronic worlds: a CHI 97 workshop. ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 29(4):44-49, 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- B. H. Kwasnik. A descriptive study of the functional components of browsing. Engineering for Human Computer Interaction, pages 191-203, 1992. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Lowe and W. Hall. Hypermedia and the Web: An Engineering Approach. Wiley, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Maglio and R. Barrett. Intermediaries personalize information streams. Commun. ACM, 43(8):96-101, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. Maglio and T. Matlock. Metaphors we surf the web by. In Workshop on Personalized and Social Navigation in Information Space, 1998.Google Scholar
- G. Marchionini. Information Seeking in Electronic Environments. Cambridge Series on Human Computer Interaction. Cambridge University Press, 1995. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Morkes and J. Nielsen. Concise, scannable, and objective: How to write for the web, 1997. http://www.useit. com/papers/webwriting/writing.html.Google Scholar
- W. Myers. BETSIE:BBC Education Text to Speech Internet Enhancer. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) Education. http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/betsie/.Google Scholar
- K. L. Norman. The Psychology of Menu Selection: Designing Cognitive Control at the Human/Computer Interface. Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1991. ISBN: 0-89391-553-X. Google ScholarDigital Library
- H. Obendorf and H. Weinreich. Comparing link marker visualization techniques: changes in reading behavior. In Proceedings of the twelfth international conference on World Wide Web, pages 736-745. ACM Press, 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- V. RNIB. A short guide to blindness. Booklet, Feb 1996. http://www.rnib.org.uk.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Middleware to expand context and preview in hypertext
Recommendations
Middleware to expand context and preview in hypertext
Movement, or mobility, is key to the accessibility, design, and usability of many hypermedia resources (websites); and key to good mobility is context and preview by probing. This is especially the case for visually impaired users when a hypertext ...
A pilot study to examine the mobility problems of visually impaired users travelling the web
The Towel project seeks to find solutions to problems encountered by both visually impaired and sighted users when travelling in the World Wide Web by leveraging solutions found in real-world mobility and applying them to the virtual world. Visually ...
A foundation for tool based mobility support for visually impaired web users
WWW '03: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide WebUsers make journeys through the Web. Web travel encompasses the tasks of orientation and navigation, the environment and the purpose of the journey. The ease of travel, its mobility, varies from page to page and site to site. For visually impaired users,...
Comments