Loren Terveen
David W. McDonald
Skip Abstract Section
Abstract
Social matching systems bring people together in both physical and online spaces. They have the potential to increase social interaction and foster collaboration. However, social matching systems lack a clear intellectual foundation: the nature of the design space, the key research challenges, and the roster of appropriate methods are all ill-defined. This article begins to remedy the situation. It clarifies the scope of social matching systems by distinguishing them from other recommender systems and related systems and techniques. It identifies a set of issues that characterize the design space of social matching systems and shows how existing systems explore different points within the design space. It also reviews selected social science results that can provide input into system design. Most important, the article presents a research agenda organized around a set of claims. The claims embody our understanding of what issues are most important to investigate, our beliefs about what is most likely to be true, and our suggestions of specific research directions to pursue.
- Allen, T. J. 1977. Managing the Flow of Technology. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
- Ackerman, M. S. 1994. Augmenting the organizational memory: A field study of answer garden. In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Support Cooperative Work (CSCW'94). Chapel Hill, NC. ACM Press, 243--252. Google Scholar
- Ackerman, M. S. and McDonald, D. W. 1996. Answer Garden 2: Merging organizational memory with collaborative help. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'96). 97--105. Google Scholar
- Ackerman, M. S., Cranor, L. F., and Reagle, J. 1999. Privacy in e-commerce: Examining user scenarios and privacy preferences. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce (EC'99). 1--8. Google Scholar
- Adamic, L. A. and Adar, E. 2003. Friends and neighbors on the web. Social Netw. 25, 3 (July), 211--230.Google Scholar
- Amento, B., Terveen, L., Hill, W., Hix, D., and Schulman, R. 2003. Experiments in social data mining: The TopicShop system. In ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 10, 1, 54--85. Google Scholar
- Baym, N. 1993. Interpreting soap operas and creating community: Inside a computer-mediated fan culture. J. Folklore Res. 30, 143--176.Google Scholar
- Beenen, G., Ling, K., Chang, K., Wang, X., Resnick, P., and Kraut, R. 2004. Using social psychology to motivate contributions to online communities. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. To appear. Google Scholar
- Berscheid, E. and Reis, H. T. 1998. Attraction and close relationships. In The Handbook of Social Psychology. D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, and G. Lindzey, Eds. Oxford University Press 193--254.Google Scholar
- Bradner, E. and Mark, G. 2002. Why distance matters: Effects on cooperation, persuasion and deception. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'02). 226--235. Google Scholar
- Breese, J. S., Heckerman, D., and Kadie, C. 1998. Empirical analysis of predictive algorithms for collaborative filtering. In Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI'98). G. F. Cooper and S. Moral, Eds. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA. 43--52. Google Scholar
- Budzik, J., Bradshaw, S., Fu, X., and Hammond, K. J. 2002. Clustering for opportunistic communication. In Proceedings of the International WWW Conference. Honolulu, HA. Google Scholar
- Burke, R. 2002. Hybrid recommender systems: Survey and Experiments. User Model. User-Adapt. Interact. 12, 4, 331--370. Google Scholar
- Carroll, J. M. and Rosson, M. B. 1992. Getting around the task-artifact cycle: How to make claims and design by scenario. ACM Trans. Inform. Syst. 10, 181--212. Google Scholar
- Clancey, W. J. 1987. From Guidon to Neomycin and Heracles in twenty short lessons. The AI Magazine 7, 3, 40--60. Google Scholar
- Cohen, D., Jacovi, M., Maarek, Y. S., and Soroka, V. 2002. Livemaps for collection awareness. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 56, 1, 7--23. Google Scholar
- Cosley, D., Ludford, P., and Terveen, L. 2003. Studying the effect of similarity in online task-focused interactions. In Proceedings of ACM Conference on Supporting Group Work (GROUP'03). To appear. Google Scholar
- Dieberger, A. 1997. Supporting social navigation on the World Wide Web. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 46, 6, 805--825. Google Scholar
- Donath, J., Karahalios, K., and Viegas, F. 1999. Visualizing conversations. In Proceedings of the Hawai International Conference on System Science (HICSS-32). Maui, HI. Google Scholar
- Dourish, P. and Bly, S. 1992. Supporting awareness in a distributed work group human factors. In Proceedings of ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 92). 541--547. Google Scholar
- Dourish, P. and Chalmers, M. 1994. Running out of space: Models of information navigation. In Proceedings of Computer-Human Interaction (HCI'94).Google Scholar
- Erickson, T., Smith, D. N., Kellogg, W. A., Laff, M. R., Richards, J. T., and Bradner, E. 1999. Socially translucent systems: Social proxies, persistent conversation, and the design of ‘babble’. In Proceedings of Computer-Human Interaction (CHI'99). ACM Press. Google Scholar
- Erickson, T. and Kellogg, W. A. 2000. Social translucence: An approach to designing systems that mesh with social processes. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 7, 1, 59--83. Google Scholar
- Erickson, T. 2003. Designing visualizations of social activity: Six claims. In Extended Abstracts of Computer-Human Interaction (CHI'03). Google Scholar
- Eveland, J. D., Blanchard, A., Brown, W., and Mattocks, J. 1994. The role of “help networks” in facilitating use of CSCW tools. In the Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'94). 265--274. Google Scholar
- Farris, G. F. and Lim F. G., Jr. 1969. Effects of Performance on leadership, cohesiveness, influence, satisfaction, and subsequent performance. J. Appl. Psych. 53, 490--497.Google Scholar
- Fischer, C. 1982. To Dwell Among Friends: Personal Networks in Town and City. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.Google Scholar
- Fischer, C. S., Jackson, R. M., Stueve, C. A., Gerson, K., and Jones, L. M. 1977. Networks and Places: Social Relations in the Urban Setting. Free Press, New York, NY.Google Scholar
- Fish, R. S., Kraut, R. E., Root, R. W., and Rice, R. E. 1992. Evaluating video as a technology for informal communication. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'92). 37--48. Google Scholar
- Foner, L. 1996. A multi-agent referral system for matchmaking. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on the Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Technology. (April) London, UK. 245--261.Google Scholar
- Freeman, L. 1998. Computer programs in social network analysis. Connections 11, 26--31.Google Scholar
- Friedman, E. and P. Resnick. 2001. The social cost of cheap pseudonyms. J. Econom. Manage. Strat. 10, 2, 173--199.Google Scholar
- Gabarro, J. J. 1990. The Development of Working Relationships. In Intellectual Teamwork. J. Galegher, R. E. Kraut, and C. Egido, Eds. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 79--110. Google Scholar
- Garfinkel, H. 1967. Studies in Ethnomethodology. Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
- Garton, L., Haythornthwaite, C., and Wellman, B. 1997. Studying online social networks. J. Comput. Mediated Comm. 3, 1 (June).Google Scholar
- Goffman, E. 1961. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Anchor-Doubleday, New York, NY.Google Scholar
- Goldberg, K., Roeder, T., Gupta, D., and Perkins, C. 2001. Eigentaste: A constant time collaborative filtering algorithm. Inform. Retrieval J. 4, 2, 133--151. Google Scholar
- Granovetter, M. 1973. The strength of weak ties. Amer. J. Sociol. 78, 6, 1360--1380.Google Scholar
- Grinter, R. E. and Eldridge, M. 2001. “y do tngrs luv 2 txt msg?” In Proceedings of 7th European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW'01). (Sept.) Bonn, Germany. 18--20. 219--238. Google Scholar
- Grinter, R. E. and Palen, L. 2002. IM in teenage life. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'02). (Nov.) New Orleans, LA. 16--20. 21--30. Google Scholar
- Grudin, J. 1994. Eight challenges for developers. Comm. ACM 37, 1, 93--104. Google Scholar
- Hardin, G. 1968. The tragedy of the commons, Science. 162, 1243--1248.Google Scholar
- Herlocker, J., Konstan, J., and Riedl, J. 2000. Explaining collaborative filtering recommendations. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'00). Google Scholar
- Herlocker, J., Konstan, J. A., Terveen, L. G., and Riedl, J. T. 2004. Evaluating Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems. ACM Trans. Inform. Syst. (Special Issue on Recommender Systems Algorithms, and Evaluation). 22, 5--53. Google Scholar
- Hill, C. T., Rubin, Z., and Peplau, L. A. 1976. Breakups before marriage: The end of 103 affairs. J. Social Issues 32, 1, 147--168.Google Scholar
- Hill, W. C., Hollan, J. D., Wroblewski, D., and McCandless, T. 1992. Edit wear and read wear. In Proceedings of Computer-Human Interaction (CHI'92) (May) Monterey, CA. 3--9. Google Scholar
- Hill, W. C. and Hollan, J. D. 1994. History-enriched digital objects: Prototypes and policy issues. The Inform. Soc. 10, 2, 139--145.Google Scholar
- Hill, W. C., Stead, L., Rosenstein, M., and Furnas, G. 1995. Recommending and evaluating choices in a virtual community of use. In Proceedings of Computer-Human Interaction (CHI'95) (May) Denver, CO. 194--201. Google Scholar
- Hill, W. C. and Terveen, L. G. 1996. Using frequency-of-mention in public conversations for social filtering. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'96) (Nov.) Boston MA. 106--112. Google Scholar
- Hong, J. I. and Landay, J. A. 2004. An architecture for privacy-sensitive ubiquitous computing. In Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MOBISYS'04). Google Scholar
- Hudson, S. and Smith, I. 1996. Techniques for addressing fundamental privacy and disruption tradeoffs in awareness support systems. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'96). 248--257. Google Scholar
- Jackson, R. M. 1977. Social structure and process in friendship choice. In Networks and Places: Social Relations in the Urban Setting. Fischer et al., Eds. Free Press, NY. 59--78.Google Scholar
- Kandel, D. 1978. Similarity in real-life adolescent friendship pairs. J. Personal. Soc. Psych. 36, 306--312.Google Scholar
- Karau, S. J. and Williams, K. D. 1993. Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration. J. Personal. Soc. Psych. 65, 4, 681--706.Google Scholar
- Kautz, H., Selman, B., and Shah, M. 1997. ReferralWeb: Combining social networks and collaborative filtering. Comm. ACM 30, 3. Google Scholar
- Kobsa, A. 2001. Generic User modeling systems. In User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 2nd Ed. Kluwer, 49--63. Google Scholar
- Kollock, P. 1996. Design principles for online communities. Harvard Conference on the Internet and Society. Also published in PC Update 15, 5 (June 1998), 58--60.Google Scholar
- Konstan, J. A., Miller, B. N., Maltz, D., Herlocker, J. L., Gordon, L. R., and Riedl, J. 1997. GroupLens: Applying collaborative filtering to usenet news. Comm. ACM 40, 3, 56--58. Google Scholar
- Kraut, R. E., Egido, C., and Galegher, J. 1990. Patterns of contact and communication in scientific research collaboration. In Intellectual Teamwork. J. Galegher, R. E. Kraut, and C. Egido, Eds. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 149--171. Google Scholar
- Kraut, R. 2003. Applying social psychological theory to the problems of group work. In HCI Models, Theories and Frameworks: Toward A Multidisciplinary Science. J. M. Carroll, Ed. Morgan Kaufman, New York, NY. 325--356.Google Scholar
- Lang, K. 1995. Newsweeder: Learning to filter netnews. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Machine Learning. 331--339.Google Scholar
- Lieberman, H. 1997. Autonomous interface agents. In Proceedings of Computer-Human Interaction (CHI'97). Atlanta, GA. 67--74. Google Scholar
- Lieberman, H., Fry, C., and Weitzman, L. 2001. Exploring the Web with reconnaissance agents. Comm. ACM 44, 8, 69--75. Google Scholar
- Ling, R. and Yttri, B. 1999. Nobody sits at home and waits for the telephone to ring: Micro and hypercoordination through the use of the mobile telephone. Telenor Report. Available at http://www.telenor.no/fou/program/nomadiske/articles/08.pdf.Google Scholar
- Ludford, P., Cosley, D., Frankowski, D., and Terveen, L. G. 2004. Think different: Increasing online community participation using uniqueness and group dissimilarity. In Proceedings of Computer-Human Interaction (CHI'04). Google Scholar
- Maes, P. 1994. Agents that reduce work and information overload. Comm. ACM 37, 7, 31--40. Google Scholar
- McCarthy, J. F. and Anagnost, T. D. 1998. MusicFX: An arbiter of group preferences for computer supported collaborative workouts. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'98). 363--372. Google Scholar
- McCarthy, J. F., Nguyen, D. H., Rashid, A. M., and Soroczak, S. 2003. Proactive displays and the experience UbiComp project. Ubicomp 2003 Adjunct Proceedings.Google Scholar
- McDonald, D. W. and Ackerman, M. S. 1998. Just Talk to me: A field study of expertise location. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'98). 315--324. Google Scholar
- McDonald, D. W. and Ackerman, M. S. 2000. Expertise recommender: A flexible recommendation architecture. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. (CSCW'00). 231--240. Google Scholar
- McDonald, D. W. 2000. Supporting nuance in groupware design: Moving from naturalistic expertise location to expertise recommendation. Unpublished dissertation, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA. Google Scholar
- McDonald, D. W. 2001. Evaluating expertise recommendations. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Supporting Group Work (GROUP'01). Google Scholar
- McDonald, D. W. 2003. Recommending collaboration with social networks: A comparative evaluation. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'03). 593--600. Google Scholar
- McKnight, D. H., Cummings, L. L., and Chervany, N. L. 1998. Initial trust formation in new organizational relationships. Academy Manage. Revi. 23, 3, 473--490.Google Scholar
- Milgram, S. 1977. The Individual in a Social World. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. 51--53.Google Scholar
- Mooney, R. J. and Roy, L. 2000. Content-based book recommending using learning for text categorization. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM Conference on Digital Libraries. San Antonio, TX. 195--204. Google Scholar
- Nardi, B. A., Whittaker, S., and Schwarz, H. 2002. NetWORKers and their activity in intensional networks. J. Collab. Comput. (1--2). 205--242. Google Scholar
- Nardi, B. A., Whittaker, S., Issacs, E., Creech, M., Johnson, J., and Hainsworth, J. 2002. Integrating communication and information through contact map. Comm. ACM 45, 4, 89--95. Google Scholar
- O'Connor, M., Cosley, D., Konstan, J. A., and Riedl, J. 2001. PolyLens: A recommender system for groups of users. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (ECSCW'01). Bonn, Germany 199--218. Google Scholar
- Ostrom, E. 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.Google Scholar
- Parks, M. R. and Robert, L. D. 1998. Making MOOsic: The development of personal relationships online and a comparison to their offline counterparts. J. Soc. Person. Relation. 15, 517--537.Google Scholar
- Preece, J. 1998. Empathic communities: Reaching out across the web. Interactions 32--43. Google Scholar
- Preece, J. 1999. Empathic communities: Balancing emotional and factual communication. Interdiscipl. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact. 12, 1, 63--77.Google Scholar
- Prentice, D. A., Miller, D. T., and Lightdale, J. R. 1994. Asymmetries in attachments to groups and to their members: Distinguishing between common-identity and common-bond groups. Personal. Soc. Psych. Bull. 20, 5, 484--493.Google Scholar
- Resnick, P., Iacovou, N., Suchak, M., Bergstrom, P., and Riedl, J. 1994. GroupLens: An open architecture for collaborative filtering of netnews. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW'94). Chapel Hill, NC. 175--186. Google Scholar
- Resnick, P., Zeckhauser, R., Friedman, E., and Kuwabara, K. 2000. Reputation Systems. Comm. ACM. Google Scholar
- Rich, E. 1979. User Modeling via stereotypes. Cognitive Science 3, 329--354.Google Scholar
- Sack, W. 2000. Conversation Map: A content-based usenet newsgroup browser. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI'00). 233--240. Google Scholar
- Shardanand, U. and Maes, P. 1995. Social information filtering: Algorithms for automating “word of mouth”. In Proceedings of Computer-Human Interaction (CHI'95). Denver CO. 210--217. Google Scholar
- Shirky, C. 2004. Situated software. Available at http://www.shirky.com/writings/situated_software.html.Google Scholar
- Sinha, R. and Swearingen, K. 2002. The role of transparency in recommender systems. CHI'02 Conference Companion. Google Scholar
- Smith, M. A. and Fiore, A. T. 2001. Visualization components for persistent conversations. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'01). 136--143. Google Scholar
- Spiekermann, S., Großklags, J., and Berendt, B. 2001. E-privacy in 2nd generation e-commerce: Privacy preferences versus actual behavior. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce (EC'01). 38--47. Google Scholar
- Sproull, L. and Faraj, S. 1997. Atheism, sex, and databases: The net as a social technology. In Culture of the Internet. S. Kiesler Ed. Erlbaum, Publishing 35--52.Google Scholar
- Staw, B. M. 1975. Attributes of the ‘causes’ of performance: A general alternative interpretation of cross-sectional research on organizations. Organiz. Behav. Hum. Perform. 13, 414--432.Google Scholar
- Svensson, M., Höök, K., Laaksolahti, J., and Waern, A. 2001. Social navigation of food recipes. In Proceedings of Computer Human Interaction (CHI'01). 341--348. Google Scholar
- Swearingen, K. and Sinha, R. 2001. Beyond Algorithms: An HCI perspective on recommender systems. SIGIR 2001 Workshop on Recommender Systems.Google Scholar
- Terry, M., Mynatt, E. D., Ryall, K., and Leigh, D. 2002. Social net: Using patterns of physical proximity over time to infer shared interests. Extended Abstracts of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 816--817. Google Scholar
- Terveen, L. G., Selfridge, P. G., and Long, M. D. 1995. Living design memory: Framework, implementation, lessons learned. Hum.-Comput. Interact. 10, 1, 1--38. Google Scholar
- Terveen, L. G., Hill, W., Amento, B., McDonald, D., and Creter, J. 1997. PHOAKS: A system for sharing recommendations. Comm. ACM 40, 3, 59--62. Google Scholar
- Terveen, L. G. and Hill, W. Human-computer collaboration in recommender systems. In HCI in the New Millennium. J. Carroll, Ed. Addison Wesley.Google Scholar
- Turpin, A. and Hersh, W. 2001. Why batch and user evaluations do not give the same results. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 17--24. Google Scholar
- Van Dyke, N. W., Lieberman, H., and Maes, P. 1999. Butterfly: A conversation-finding agent for Internet relay chat. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. (Jan.). Google Scholar
- Verbrugge, L. M. 1977. The structure of adult friendship choices. Social Forces 56, 2 (Dec.).Google Scholar
- Waller, W. 1937. The rating and dating complex. Amer. Sociol. Rev. II (Oct.). Reprinted in Silverstein, H. Ed. The Sociology of Youth: Evolution and Revolution. 1973 Macmillan, New York, NY. 284--292.Google Scholar
- Walther, J. B. 1992. Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated interaction: A relational perspective. Comm. Res. 19, 52--90.Google Scholar
- Walther, J. B., Anderson, J. F., and Park, D. W. 1994. Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated interaction: A meta-analysis of social and antisocial communication. Comm. Res. 21, 460--487.Google Scholar
- Wasserman, S. and Faust, K. 1994. Social Network Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.Google Scholar
- Wellman, B. 1997. An Electronic Group is Virtually a Social Network. In Culture of the Internet, S. Kiesler, Ed. Lawrence Erlbaum. 179--205.Google Scholar
- Wellman, B. 2001. Computer networks as social networks. Science 293, 2031--2034.Google Scholar
- Wexelblat, A. and Maes, P. 1999. ‘Footprints: History-rich tools for information foraging’. In Proceedings of Computer-Human Interaction (CHI'99). 270--277. Google Scholar
- Whittaker, S., Terveen, L. G., and Nardi, B. A. 2000. Let's stop pushing the envelope and start addressing it. Hum.-Comput. Interact. 15, 2--3, 75--106. Google Scholar
- Whittaker, S., Jones, Q., Nardi, B., Creech, M., Terveen, L., Isaacs, E., and Hainsworth, J. 2004. Using personal social networks to organize communication in a social desktop. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 11, 4, 445--471. Google Scholar
- Whyte, W. H. 1956. The Organization Man. Simon and Schuster, New York, NY.Google Scholar
- Wired News 1998. Love: Japanese style. http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,12899,00.html.Google Scholar
- Wired News. 2004. Brits going at it tooth and nail. http://www.wired.com/news/wireless/0,1382,62687,00.html.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Social matching: A framework and research agenda
Recommendations
Building social capital with Facebook: Type of network, availability of other media, and social self-efficacy matter#
Highlights- Type of friends affects building social capital via Facebook and traditional media.
AbstractFindings about Facebook's effect on relationships are mixed, possibly due to lack of models that acknowledge differences across users, types of their friends, and use of competing media. To address this, we proposed and tested how ...
Introduction to social recommendation
WWW '10: Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide webAs the exponential growth of information generated on the World Wide Web, Social Recommendation has emerged as one of the hot research topics recently. Social Recommendation forms a specific type of information filtering technique that attempts to ...
Social affinity filtering: recommendation through fine-grained analysis of user interactions and activities
COSN '13: Proceedings of the first ACM conference on Online social networksContent recommendation in social networks poses the complex problem of learning user preferences from a rich and complex set of interactions (e.g., likes, comments and tags for posts, photos and videos) and activities (e.g., favourites, group ...
Comments